8/10/2019 Low Cost and Size of the Miscrostrip Patch Antennas Are Widely Accepted by the Communication Industry for the

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Low cost and size of the miscrostrip patch antennas are widely accepted by the communication industry

for the recent years. Lot of researches is going on to enhance the properties of microstrip patch

antennas. which offer the advantages

of low profile, compatibility with integrated circuit technology

and conformability to a shaped surface Microstrip antennas are used in arrays as well as single elements

[1, 8, and 13]. By using

array in communication systems we enhance the performance of the antenna like

increasing gain, directivity scanning the beam of an antenna system, and other functions

which are difficult to do with the single element.

The phased array radar technology has been recently introduced to weather radar applications.

Compared to reflector

antennas, the phased array radar has pulse to pulse electronic

beam steering capability that allows shorter data update time

and observing detailed evolutions of severe storms. It was

shown that higher temporal resolution obtained using the

phased array systems can reveal more detailed evolution of the

severe storms [1]-[3]. In addition, since weather radars have

been updated to a dual polarization capability to obtain more

information, the next generation of the phased array radars

should be dual-polarized systems [4]-[9].

Since the late 1970s, the international antenna community

has devoted much effort to the theoretical and experimental

research on microstrip antennas, which offer the advantages

of low profile, compatibility with integrated circuit technology

and conformability to a shaped surface. The results of this

research have contributed to the success of these antennas

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not only in military applications such as aircraft, missiles

and rockets but also commercial areas such as mobile satellite

communications, the direct broadcast satellite (DBS) system,

global positioning system (GPS) and remote sensing.

The basic configuration of a microstrip antenna is an

area of metallization printed above the ground plane of a

thin dielectric substrate. The metallized area can assume

any of the shapes such as the square, rectangle, circle,

ellipse, triangle, annulus, strip etc. There exists a variety

of feeding techniques to excite the microstrip antenna. The

area of metallization in a microstrip patch radiator varies

approximately from about one third to one half of the free

space wavelength for its longest dimension. A commonly

used dielectric for these radiators is teflon or poly tetra

fluoro ethylene often set in a reinforcing glass fiber matrix.

The microstrip patch antenna radiates a relatively broad

beam which is broadside to the plane of the radiator. One

of the major limitations of the patch radiator is its narrow

bandwidth, which is around 2%. The bandwidth referred

to is the impedance bandwidth. The design of microstrip

antennas focuses on to improve the bandwidth, minimize

spurious feed radiation, improve polarisation purity and

minimize tolerance problems in fabrication.