Low Carbon Technology for Marine Application

Nov. 29, 2018

Hyundai Heavy Industries / Corporate Research Center

Se-Young Oh, Sangmin Park

Contents

1. Background

2. Hydrogen Energy for Marine Application

3. Concept of Cargo Handling System for LH2 Carrier

4. HHI’s R&D Interests

Background & HHI’s Technologies

Background

Regulation Area Year

Remarks 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

NOx NOx ECA IMO

MARPOL Global

SOx SOx ECA IMO

MARPOL Global

CO2 (EEDI*)

Global IMO

MARPOL

Sulfur 3.5 % Sulfur 0.5 %

Sulfur 1.0 % Sulfur 0.1 %

TierⅡ

TierⅡ TierⅢ

IMO MEPC 66 decided to apply NOx Tier III regulation to ships that are built since Jan. 2016 and operated in ECA (‘14.3)

IMO MEPC 70 decided to use 0.5% Sulfur fuel worldwide from 1 Jan 2020. (‘16.10)

Apply to ships with dry contracts since ’13

CO2 emission control by ship type and size; EEDI is the mass of CO2 emitted by ships carrying 1ton of cargo (gCO2/ton‧nm)

TIER 2 (14.4g/kWh)

TIER 3 (3.4g/kWh)

Sulfur 3.5%

- 85% in global (2020~)

0.5%

TIER 1 (17g/kWh)

- 80% in ECA (2016~)

Phase 2 (-20%)

Phase 3

Phase 1 (-10% )

(- 30%)

‘15~19

’20~’24

’25~’30

(Applied to newly-built ship over GT 400 ton)

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 0

※ Table source: KR

• - 40% (2030~) • CO2 Free/Zero Emission Ship

4

** EEDI: Energy Efficiency Design Index

Background

World First LNG fuel propulsion

package demonstration

World First 2stroke engine HHI-Scrubber Develop

World largest LNG gas demonstration

facility

Air lubrication system

LNG Fuel Propulsion Deliver LNG carrier

H2

H2

•

•

•

•

5

Eco Solutions in the Future

H2

6 1) SOFC : Soil Oxide Fuel Cell

7

Eco Solutions in the Future

• Standard Hybrid Ship Design

- System Optimization & Class AIP

- Marine Fuel Cell Integration

• Multi Fuel Gas Engine

- Hydrogen Mixed, High Efficiency

• DC Power System Design & EMS

- System Cost Reduction, Optimal Operation Tech.

1) ESS : Energy Storage System 2) DC : Direct Current 3) EMS : Energy Management System

IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions

Hybrid w/ Fuel Cell Set-up Strategy for Mid-term Regulation

Hydrogen Fuel ► ►

7

Carbon Source Carbon Capture Utilization

Market insight of hydrogen usage

※ Source : McKinsey & Company, Hydrogen Council report - Hydrogen scaling up, 2017

H2

Hydrogen Electric Propulsion System

Hydrogen Engine

Hydrogen Carrier

Hydrogen Storage

& Distribution

Eco Solutions in the Future

8

Hydrogen Energy for Marine Application

• Clean energy source in the foreseeable future with no GHGs emissions (CO2, NOx, SOx)

• Remarkable technology for eco-ship by liquefied hydrogen storage/transport

• Consideration of efficiency and safety for LH2 tank due to diffusion (3 times faster than hydrocarbon in air), low ignition energy, and high heat conductivity etc.

LH2 LNG

Boiling point (oC) -253 -163

Saturated liquid density (kg/m3) 71 422

Saturated gas density (kg/m3) 1.2 1.8

Latent heat (kJ/kg) 444 510

Lower heating value (LHV, MJ/kg) 120 50

Diffusivity in air (cm2/s) 0.63 0.2

Flammability limit (mol%) 4.0 – 75.0 5.0 – 15.0

10

Fuel CO2 NOx SOx

Diesel 100% 100% 100%

LPG 68% 75-80% 3-10%

LNG 77% 20% 1%

Hydrogen 0% 0% 0%

Hydrogen Energy

11

Marine Application of Hydrogen Energy

• Hydrogen carrier ship - Hydrogen engine - Hydrogen + LNG fuel engine - Storage/Transport : Liquefied hydrogen, Organic chemical hydride

• Hydrogen-fueled ship

- Hybrid system : Hydrogen + Fuel cell + ESS

• Hydrogen carrier ship - BOR handling - Insulation system - Safety issues

• Hydrogen-fueled ship - High cost (platinum catalyst) - Limit for applying to large ships - Safety issues

• Stable hydrogen supply • Zero-emission fuel ship • Low noise and vibration • High energy density • Efficient hydrogen liquefaction

technology

Hydrogen-fueled ship Hydrogen carrier ship

12

Hydrogen Infrastructure Technology

• Hydrogen production from brown coal, biomass, and water etc.

• Storage by cryogenic liquefaction and high-pressure compression

• Transport by liquefied hydrogen cargo ships, tanks, and containers

• Utilization for hydrogen gas turbine/engine, and fuel cell etc.

Concept of Cargo Handling System for LH2 Carrier

※ Study on Introduction of CO2 Free Energy to Japan with Liquid Hydrogen, Kawasaki Heavy Industries (ICEC25-ICMC2014).

LH2 Storage Tank Structure built by JAXA Tanegashima Space Center (540m3)

Small-scale LH2 carrier (2.5K) : 2 Tanks (1,250m3), Diesel engine propel (AIP by NK Class, 2014 / Sailing by 2020)

Large-scale LH2 carrier (160K) : 4 Tanks (40,000m3), Hydrogen propulsion (Commercialization by 2025)

LH2 Carrier Conceptual Design

LH2* LNG

Sto

rage

Temperature -253oC -163oC

Tank material • Stainless steel • AI Alloy steel

• Stainless steel (GTT Mark III) • Invar (GTT NO 96) • AI Alloy steel (MOSS, IHI-SPB) • 9% Nickel steel (Type-C & Type-B)

Tank geometry • Type-C for small ship • Type-B for large ship (Developing) • Membrane type for large ship (Developing)

• Pressurized tank (Type-C) • Nonpressurized tank (MOSS, IHI-SPB) • Membrane type (GTT Mark III, GTT No 96)

Insu

lation

Insulation material

• Vacuum Insulation Panel • Multi Layer Insulation • Aerogel etc. (Advanced materials)

• Block-type PUF (GTT Mark III, Type-B ) • Perlite(or Glasswool) Box (GTT NO 96) • Expanded Polystyrene (MOSS Type) • Spray-type PUF (Type-C)

Boil-off rate Less than 0.2%/day (Target for 160K Type-B) 0.085%/day (170K GTT Mark III)

14

Cargo Tank System

- Conceptual design of cargo handling system and FGSS for LH2 carriers - 15

• Cryogenic design and manufacturing technology development for on-board equipment (BOG compressor, cargo pump, fuel supply pump, and spray pump)

Using only hydrogen as a fuel

Using LNG and hydrogen mixed gases as a fuel

Fuel Gas Supply System

- Methane LFL distance - - Hydrogen LFL distance -

LFL 100%

LFL 50 %

16

• Estimation of gas dangerous zone in terms of hydrogen flammability

• Risk assessment using diffusion analysis in vent mast (simulation by DNV PhastTM)

- Scenario: vapour diffusion when a rupture of vessel disc

- LFL (Lower Flammable Limit): methane 5%, hydrogen 4%

※ Clarification of Hazardous Areas Applied to Newly Developed Liquefied Hydrogen Carrier, Kawasaki Heavy Industries (ISOPE 2018).

Safety Standard

HHI’s R&D Interests

18

Influence of EEDI on Ship Design

EEDI CO2 Emission Regulation

Phase I (10% reduction)

Phase II (20% reduction)

Phase III (- 30%)

’20 ~’24

’25~’29

• Applicable: LNG Fuel Prop. Ship

≥ 40% reduction, ’30 ~

’15 ~’19

CO2 Free / Zero Emission Ships

• Development of eco-ship against IMO environment regulation

• Requirement for all newly built ships over 400 GT from 2013 to meet CO2 emissions reduction targets

• Implementation of emission reduction technologies by a shift from low-carbon to de-carbonation shipping

HHI’s Technologies

• Applicable: LNG Fuel Prop., WHRU • R&D: Hybrid Electric Prop., CCS on board

• Applicable: Hydrogen Prop., CCS on board

19

HHI’s R&D Interest

• Feasibility study of installation of hydrogen re-liquefaction system

- Economic analysis compared to venting LH2 BOG

- LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) considering voyage distance, speed, and period

- Hydrogen Claude Cycle* -

* 12th Cryogenic-IIR Conference; Dresden (2012).

20

HHI’s R&D Interests

Utilization

The need for onshore infrastructure

On-board CCS

※ Source: DOE/NETL

- Conceptual layout of on-board CCS* -

* J.T. Van Den Akker, Delft University of Technology, 2017

Conversion to Fuel

Thank you for your attention