Louisville Train Derailment Case Study
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Transcript of Louisville Train Derailment Case Study
LOUISVILLE TRAIN DERAILMENT CASE STUDY
Michael J. MagdaLivonia Fire & Recue
Western Wayne County HMRT
Monday Oct. 29, 2012Derailed at 0630
72 cars, 5 engines
Monday Morning Briefing
Approach and Position
Approach and Position Approach
Uphill/upwind Conditions found
through observation Visible clues
Occupancy in the area Heavy or light
industrial Residential
Incident type Spill Leak Release Container
Site Management Establish Command
Fill Command positions
Isolate immediate area
Request resources Establish Staging
Area
Request Resources Hazmat
EPA MDEQ PEAS (State Assists) NRC USCG Environmental
companies Additional Hazmat
Teams Tech Rescue?
Additional Fire companies
Salvation Army American Red cross County Roads MDOT Police
Local State
Request Resources Railroad
Environmental companies
Contractors Customer
Contractors Environmental
contractors Chemical Specialist
Local EOC Full activation
County EOC State EOC Regional Assists
IMT Medical unit Etc.
Request Resources
NTSB MIOSHA OSHA
Identify the Problem Survey the Incident Surrounding
conditions Hazard behavior
Monday Afternoon Briefing
Hazard Assessment Identify the
Hazards Physical Chemical Environmental
condition Survey the incident
Identify defining criteria? Identify the
chemical hazards
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Defining Criteria
Occupancy & location
Container shapes & sizes
Marking & colors Labels & Placards Shipping papers Monitoring &
detection Observational
clues
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Behavioral event
(Stress Events) Breach Release Engulf Impingement Types of Harm
Damage Assessment
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Reference Materials
SDS’s/MSDS’s Shipping papers Internet
Passive Analysis Observation Referencing
defining criteria
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Abbreviations used in NIOSH
MW—Molecular weight. BP—Boiling point at 1
atm Sol—Solubility in water Fl.P—Flash point in °F IP—Ionization potential VP—Vapor pressure at
68 °F MLT—Melting point for
solids FRZ—Freezing point.
UEL—Upper Explosive Level
LEL—Lower Explosive Level
MEC—Minimum explosive concentration, in g/m3
Sp.Gr—Specific gravity at 68 °F
RGasD—Relative density of gases referenced to air = 1
STYRENEUN 2055
Styrene
Styrene CAS 100-42-5
C6H5CH=CH2 RTECS WL3675000
Synonyms & Trade Names Ethenyl benzene, Phenylethylene, Styrene monomer, Styrol, Vinyl benzene
DOT ID & Guide 2055 128P (inhibited)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL: TWA 50 ppm (215 mg/m3) ST 100 ppm (425 mg/m3)
OSHA PEL†: TWA 100 ppm C 200 ppm 600 ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 3 hours)
IDLH 700 ppm See: 100425 Conversion 1 ppm = 4.26 mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless to yellow, oily liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
MW: 104.2 BP: 293°F FRZ: -23°F Sol: 0.03%
VP: 5 mmHg IP: 8.40 eV Sp.Gr: 0.91
Fl.P: 88°F UEL: 6.8% LEL: 0.9%
Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F.
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Oxidizers, catalysts for vinyl polymers, peroxides, strong acids, aluminum chloride [Note: May polymerize if contaminated or subjected to heat. Usually contains an inhibitor such as tert-butylcatechol.]
Measurement Methods NIOSH 1501, 3800; OSHA 9, 89 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation (See protection) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet (flammable) Change: No recommendation
First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Water flush Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately
Important additional information about respirator selection Respirator Recommendations NIOSH Up to 500 ppm: (APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)* (APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator* Up to 700 ppm: (APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode* (APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister (APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)* (APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece (APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms Irritation eyes, nose, respiratory system; headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, confusion, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), drowsiness, unsteady gait; narcosis; defatting dermatitis; possible
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HF)UN 1052
"The Hydrogen Fluoride is the chemical that first responders are most concerned about and makes the greatest risk for the community as well as the responders themselves," says Louisville Metro Emergency Management Director Doug Hamilton.
Hydrogen Fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride CAS 7664-39-3
HF RTECS MW7875000
Synonyms & Trade Names Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride; Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (i.e., Hydrofluoric acid); HF-A
DOT ID & Guide 1052 125 (anhydrous) 1790 157 (solution)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL: TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) C 6 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute]
OSHA PEL†: TWA 3 ppm
IDLH 30 ppm See: 7664393 Conversion 1 ppm = 0.82 mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless gas or fuming liquid (below 67°F) with a strong, irritating odor. [Note: Shipped in cylinders.]
MW: 20.0 BP: 67°F FRZ: -118°F Sol: Miscible
VP: 783 mmHg IP: 15.98 eV RGasD: 1.86 Sp.Gr: 1.00 (Liquid at 67°F)
Fl.P: NA UEL: NA LEL: NA
Nonflammable Gas
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Metals, water or steam [Note: Corrosive to metals. Will attack glass and concrete.]
Measurement Methods NIOSH 3800, 7902, 7903, 7906; OSHA ID110 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation (See protection) Skin: Prevent skin contact (liquid) Eyes: Prevent eye contact (liquid) Wash skin: When contaminated (liquid) Remove: When wet or contaminated (liquid) Change: No recommendation Provide: Eyewash (liquid), Quick drench (liquid)
First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately (solution/liquid) Skin: Water flush immediately (solution/liquid) Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately (solution)
Important additional information about respirator selection Respirator Recommendations NIOSH/OSHA Up to 30 ppm: (APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern* (APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern* (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern (APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator* (APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Exposure Routes inhalation, skin absorption (liquid), ingestion (solution), skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms Irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; pulmonary edema; eye, skin burns; rhinitis; bronchitis; bone changes
Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system, bones
See also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0283 See MEDICAL TESTS: 0118
1,3 BUTADIENEUN 1010
Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene CAS 106-99-0
CH2=CHCH=CH2 RTECS EI9275000
Synonyms & Trade Names Biethylene, Bivinyl, Butadiene, Divinyl, Erythrene, Vinylethylene
DOT ID & Guide 1010 116P (inhibited)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL: Ca See Appendix A
OSHA PEL: [1910.1051] TWA 1 ppm ST 5 ppm
IDLH Ca [2000 ppm] [10%LEL] See: 106990 Conversion 1 ppm = 2.21 mg/m3
Physical Description Colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor. [Note: A liquid below 24°F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]
MW: 54.1 BP: 24°F FRZ: -164°F Sol: Insoluble
VP: 2.4 atm IP: 9.07 eV RGasD: 1.88 Sp.Gr: 0.65 (Liquid at 24°F)
Fl.P: NA (Gas) -105°F (Liquid)
UEL: 12.0% LEL: 2.0%
Flammable Gas
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Phenol, chlorine dioxide, copper, crotonaldehyde [Note: May contain inhibitors (such as tributylcatechol) to prevent self-polymerization. May form explosive peroxides upon exposure to air.]
Measurement Methods NIOSH 1024; OSHA 56 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation (See protection) Skin: Frostbite Eyes: Frostbite Wash skin: No recommendation Remove: When wet (flammable) Change: No recommendation Provide: Frostbite wash
First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Frostbite Skin: Frostbite Breathing: Respiratory support
Important additional information about respirator selection Respirator Recommendations (See Appendix E) NIOSH At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration : (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode (APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus Escape: (APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Exposure Routes inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)
Symptoms Irritation eyes, nose, throat; drowsiness, dizziness; liquid: frostbite; teratogenic, reproductive effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]
Target Organs Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system, reproductive system Cancer Site [hematopoietic cancer]
See also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0017 See MEDICAL TESTS: 0254
SODIUM HYDROXIDEUN 1823 or UN 1824
Sodium hydroxide CAS 1310-73-2
NaOH RTECS WB4900000
Synonyms & Trade Names Caustic soda, Lye, Soda lye, Sodium hydrate
DOT ID & Guide 1823 154 (dry, solid) 1824 154 (solution)
Exposure Limits
NIOSH REL: C 2 mg/m3
OSHA PEL†: TWA 2 mg/m3
IDLH 10 mg/m3 See: 1310732 Conversion
Physical Description Colorless to white, odorless solid (flakes, beads, granular form).
MW: 40.0 BP: 2534°F MLT: 605°F Sol: 111%
VP: 0 mmHg (approx) IP: NA Sp.Gr: 2.13
Fl.P: NA UEL: NA LEL: NA
Noncombustible Solid, but when in contact with water may generate sufficient heat to ignite combustible materials.
Incompatibilities & Reactivities Water; acids; flammable liquids; organic halogens; metals such as aluminum, tin & zinc; nitromethane [Note: Corrosive to metals.]
Measurement Methods NIOSH 7401 See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation (See protection) Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: Daily
First Aid (See procedures) Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Water flush immediately Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately
Hazard Assessment Active Analysis
Reconnaissance Monitoring &
Detection Corrosively
pH, F, spiffier paper Flammability
4 gas meters Oxygen potential
4 gas meters Toxicity
PID, colorimetrics
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Quantity of
material Containment
systems Correlate to
Defining Criteria Stress event Physical damage
(Potentials)
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Probability or
likelihood to harm Physical damage
(Potentials) Stress
Breach Release Engulf Impingement Harm
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Damage potentials
of containers Crack Score Gouge Wheel burn Dent Rail burn Street burn
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Hazard Assessment Implementing
Response Objectives Rescue Public Protective
Actions Spill Control Leak Control Fire Control Recovery
Hazard Identificatio
n
Exposure Assessment
Risk Assessment
Hazard/RiskManagemen
t
Monday Night Briefing
Monday Night
Tuesday Morning Briefing
So, What happen?
Lack of Control• Inadequate: • Program• Standards• Compliance
Basic Causes• Personal
Factors• Job/System
Factors
Immediate Causes• Substandard
Act/ Practices:• Substandard
Conditions
Incident
• Event
Loss
• People• Property• Equipment• Environment
Lack of Control Who was in
control? Fire Dept. Hazmat Railroad
Compliant? IAP Site Safety Plan
Basics Causes Personal Factor Education &
Training Inadequate
equipment
Immediate Causes Substandard Act/
Practices: Reconnaissance Hazard
Assessment Damage
Assessment Risk Assessment PPE Selection
Incident/Event Contractor using a
torch
Loss 5 Members injured
3 critical 2nd & 3rd burns
2 treated and released
Delays Clean-up Commerce Infrastructure
Why a Torch? Couplings Debris Hot Tap
Hot Tap Technique
Gain access Liquefied gasses or
liquids Flaring vapors or
liquids Venting gases or
vapors
Involves Threaded nozzle Welder Specially designed
drill Valve
Hot Tap
Hot Tap SOG Note: This Guideline is one of many methods that
could be utilized for the removal of products in the field. An evaluation of all methods shall be performed
before choosing the method that suits the situation.
Note: This Guideline shall be used in conjunction with other Guidelines found in this manual i.e. Sit Safety Plan, Grounding and Bounding, Incident
Action Plan etc.
Hot Tap SOGBecause of the possibility of burn-through or explosive decompression, a hot tap should not be used under any circumstances on tank car tanks containing the following products: Bromine; Chlorine; Cryogenic liquids; Elemental sulfur; Ethylene; Ethylene oxide; Hydrocarbons in stainless steel tanks; Hydrochloric acid; Nitric acid; Propylene oxide; Sulfuric acid.
Preferred Conditions Not exposed to fire; Free of flammable vapors; Contents must be able to withstand the heating that occurs when a nozzle is
welded to the tank without undergoing chemical reactions that could rupture the tank,
An undamaged portion of the tank that is in contact with the liquid phase of the product is in a position where the response personnel can perform a hot tap;
Certified welder by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),
Note: As a minimum, the welder should be certified in the 6G position. Suitable hot tap equipment is available Personnel experienced in hot tap procedures are available; and Suitable precautions can be taken to protect people and property in the
event of an accidental release during the transfer.
Potential Risk Failure of the installed valve or nozzle (including the
weld) could expose people, property, and the environment to the contents of the damaged tank car;
A chemical reaction initiated by the welding process could cause the tank to release of its contents;
The tensile strength of the tank metal could be reduced by mistakenly performing the hot tap in the vapor space of the tank (due to an inadequate heat sink)
Contents of the tank car could be lost when the drilling machine is removed due to metal shavings from the tapping operation being lodged in the control valve.
Questions?