LOUIS XIV "THE SUN KING"
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Transcript of LOUIS XIV "THE SUN KING"
Eliminated inefficiency and corruption Still a heavy tax burden on bourgeoisie, peasantry and working
classReduced nobilities influence in Local affairs
Sent Royal officials Intendants Assassinated by nobles 1610
Henry IV
Issues Edict of Nantes 1598Right-hand man, the minister Maximilien
de Béthune, duc de Sully (1560–1641), - to regularise state finance, - promote agriculture- drain swamps to create productive crop lands,- undertake many public works- encourage education
LOUIS XIII
• KING AT 10 (1610) Henry IV assassinated• Marie de’ Medici Regent dismissed Henry
IV chief Minister Sully• Appointed Richelieu as Chief Minister
in1624– Expand power of King by destroying
• Huguenots• Nobles• Used Intendants to limit power of Nobles
DOMINATE EUROPE
ORDER, STABILITY, AND REFORM IN FRANCE
ADVISORS--Kept a group of Professional diplomats as his advisors. - Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Mazarin Takes over after
Richelieu’s deathTHE FRONDE--1648-1653 (slang for “slingshot” – used by the boys in the streets of Paris)
Series of rebellions against royal power – lead by the nobles and the townspeople
WHY????Authority had been undermined by the
Royal OfficialsRepresented a threat to the crown’s powerUltimately served to strengthen the crown’s
powerThe disorder it created showed the people
the need for a strong monarchy
Began at Mazarin’s death“L’etat, c’est moi” – “I am the state”Absolute power
“lettre de cache” – authorized imprisonment or exile without trial
1660 –Married Marie Therese – political
The Personal Rule of the Sun King
To limit power of nobility he appointed more middle classSelling the titles – “nobles of the robe” they undermined “nobility of the sword”
Versailles – King’s residence and center of governmentCost a great deal of money
Controlled finances under Louis XIV Expanded government role in the economy
Encouraged industry Built roads and canals
Nobility and clergy stayed tax exempt tax burden remained on peasants and lower middle class
Inadequacy of financial system was a major weak spot
GALLICANISM Louis XIV exercised administrative control over the church in France
REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES Louis XIV believed in Religious unity 200,000 Huguenots fled causing economic problems – France was deprived of their knowledge and skills
THE WAR OF DEVOLUTION (1667-1668) France was awarded several towns on the
border of the Spanish NetherlandsTHE DUTCH WAR (1672 – 1678)
France gained several additional towns along the border of the Spanish Netherlands
THE WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG (9 YEARS’ WAR) – (1688 – 1697)
France lost most of its prior gains, but kept Alsace
Louis XIV – claimed his grandson Philip of Anjou was heir to the Spanish throneHapsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold challenged – claiming the throne was for his son CharlesEngland, Holland & Holy Roman Emperor joined forces against France
Philip of Anjou became King Philip V of SpainNeither he nor his successors could occupy the French throneFrance lost a number of colonies in the New World, but kept Quebec
Created a Political Alliance with Spain.BUILT THE PALACE OF VERSAILLESForced the Nobility to live thereThey had all the privileges they wanted and non of
the power.He had ABSOLUTE CONTROL