®

AD506 - Intermediate LotusScript

Exploiting the power of LotusScript to deliver real world solutions

John P M Dillon

Software Application Architect

Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, LLC(and crazy rally codriver, Widget Rally Team LLC)

Slides revised 1 Jan 7

22

AgendaIntroduction and definition of bonus material

Start your evaluation now

Working with objects using the object modelProperties, methods, and events

Working with collections of stuff

Lists

Script Libraries

Questions

(Demo: Turn off cell phone)

33

About the Speaker

“New timer” compared to some folks here!

First used Notes version 3Led deployment team for Notes 4.5Began developing applications in Notes 4.6Our current environment is ND6.5 (Wintel)

We are not just what we do, but what we’re passionate about, so you’ll see pictures of me in a race car throughout the presentation

NOT directly related to the material, but the cars are pretty!

Rally racing is like Lotus Notes – it’s collaboration and teamwork in remote places with excellent performance

44

Shameless Plug:Please Visit Our Team’s SponsorsMost speakers are consultants and advertise themselves

I’m an employee, so I’ll advertise our team’s sponsors instead!

Perforce Software: www.Perforce.com/wrt

Shults Dot Com: www.shults.com

Porterfield Brakes: www.porterfield-brakes.com

Scott Roofing Company: www.scottroofingco.com

Widget Rally Team: www.WidgetRacing.com

55

Bonus Slides and Demos

There’s more information here than can be presented in a single session

Slides marked as “BONUS” will not be covered during the presentation but are included here as—well, as a bonus—for your benefit

Think of it as getting more than what you paid for

If there is time at the end or during Q&A I’ll answer questions about the bonus material

Or ask me at one of the lunches or social gatherings

66

BONUS: What We Advertised, What We Promise

This is the session description as shown on the Lotusphere site

As a newer programmer, you understand the basics of LotusScript and application development. Now you want to go the next level, learning how to read and effectively use the object model, how to exploit the power of lists, how to work with various types of collections, and how to take advantage of many different events and objects. This session covers it all, and in conclusion you'll see how you can package your code into script libraries for better configuration management.

77

Understanding the Object Model

The object model is key to writing useful, efficient, effective code

It looks really confusing but …

You can actually follow it pretty easily if you know where to start

We’re talking about the LotusScript model today, but these techniques work for other models as well

88

BONUS: Object Model (poster)

99

BONUS: Object Model (on line)

1010

How to Read It

Each box represents a type of object

Example: Here’s aNotesDocument (from Help)

This shows connection points to the object

If you’re using the electronic version, clicking on the box will describe the properties, methods and events

1111

Additional Features of the Paper Copy

The wall chart shows additional information

Properties

Methods

Events

Parameters and return values

1212

Properties

What are properties?

In the simplest form, they are pieces of information associated with the object

Ex: Database has a “Title” property, which is a string value containing the database’s title

Properties are sometimes read-only, but often editable

1313

Methods

Methods describe things you can do to, with, or from the objectExample: the NotesDocument class has a ReplaceItemValue method which defines the value of a field within the document

Methods often require parametersExample: the ReplaceItemValue method takes two parameters

The name of the field (as a string)The value to be placed in the field (any type)

1414

Events

Properties and Methods are heavily used – we’ll see a lot today

Events can be thought of as “triggers” associated with a particular object

Examples: Field object has an Exiting eventForm object has a QuerySave event

Events can be useful places to put code

Many objects don’t have events associated with them

1515

Sounds Cool, But How Do I Use It?

The model helps you understand what objects you’ve got to define (instantiate) in order for your code to work

As you poke around the model, you’ll also discover other features you might not have considered

1616

What to Instantiate?

Question: How do I know what things I need instantiated when looking at an object?

Answer: Follow the container stream until you get to a session oruiworkspace object

Example: Given that you need a handle to a NotesDocument

1717

Step 1: Locate the Object

1818

Step 2: Examine “Contained By”

In on-line help, see that a NotesDocument is “contained by” a database, doc collection, etc

This means you need one of these in your code

1919

Step 3: Pick the Parent Container

What are our choices again? database, newsletter, ui doc, view, view entry

How do we choose which one?Depends on how we expect to locate the document

Are we seeking it by key or search?Are we processing all docs in a view?

For our example, let’s assume we’re working with a document in a view

2020

Step 4: Examine the Parent’s Containers

We’ve decided we’re getting our doc from a view, so we need to instantiate a NotesView object

Go back to the chart and find its parent containers

Views are contained by databases and ui views

2121

Step 5: Keep Repeating Until You Encounter a Session or Workspace

In our example, we’ll choose a NotesDatabase

From database we’ll choose NotesSession

2222

Step 6: We Reach the Top

In this case we selected a NotesSession

Notice the documentation doesn’t show “contained by”

2323

So Now What?

For our example, we’ve determined we needNotesDocumentNotesViewNotesDatabaseNotesSession

Start by declaring variables for these objects

Next, instantiate them from the top downSessionDatabaseViewDocument

2424

Example code – nothing fancy here

Dim db As NotesDatabase ' it’s goofy, but these are sorted

Dim doc As NotesDocument ' just a personal preference to help

Dim session As NotesSession ' find variables in the debugger

Dim view As NotesView

' instantiate our variables from the top down

Set session = New NotesSession

' get a handle to this database

Set db = session.CurrentDatabase

' get a handle to the view

Set view = db.GetView( "Dept" )

' get a handle to the document

Set doc = view.GetFirstDocument()

(Object Demo 1)

2525

A Quick Comment About Scope

Global scope – variable is visible across the entire agent

Local scope – variable is visible only within the function, subroutine or class

Whenever possible, use local variables

Beware of global and local variables with the same name – you’ll get tangled up for sure, and have unpredictable results

A good reason to identify global variables with a “G” prefix

2626

Front End and Back End Classes

The “Front End” classes represent UI objects, such as the current workspace, the current document, etc

“Back End” classes are the underlying elements and can be handled without user interaction

Front end objects offer handles to their back end equivalents, such asuidoc.Document

You can get tangled up, but if you keep your eyes open for a “ui” prefix you’ll be okay

2727

Testing for UI capability

If you’ve got multi-purpose code that might sometimes run in a scheduled agent, test for ui, as in this “InitGlobalVariables” function

Set session = New NotesSession

GboolLocal = Not session.IsOnServer

If GboolLocal Then ' if running local, set UI stuff

Set uiws = New NotesUIWorkspace

Set uidoc = uiws.CurrentDocument

End If

' if a uidoc was open, point doc to it

If Not ( uidoc Is Nothing ) Then

Set doc = uidoc.Document

End If

2828

Events

You might think of them as “triggers” for code

2929

Using Events to Trigger Actions

Lots of events are available in Notes

Here are a few useful ones

Forms:QueryOpenPostOpenQuerySavePostSaveQueryModeChangePostModeChange

Fields:EnteringExiting

3030

Events – Simple Example

If someone clears a check box, you want to erase a bunch of related valuesDim uiws As New NotesUIWorkspace

Dim uidoc As NotesUIDocument

Set uidoc = uiws.CurrentDocument

' if we're shipping to the billing address, clear

' the shipping fields

If uidoc.FieldGetText( "ShipToBillingAddress_TX" ) = "Yes" Then

Call uidoc.FieldSetText( "ShipToAddress_TX", "" )

Call uidoc.FieldSetText( "ShipToCity_TX", "" )

Call uidoc.FieldSetText( "ShipToState_TX", "" )

End If

(Demo: Create Form CR0)

3131

Exiting Event – Fancy Example

Given a names field, you want to auto-populate several fields based on person’s name in NABSub Exiting( Source As Field ) ' some code missing for clarity

' custom class for handling person objects

Dim coP As co_Person

Set coP = New co_Person( Gdoc.Employee_NA( 0 ), GcoNABInit )

Call Gdoc.ReplaceItemValue( "Phone_TX", coP.OfficeExtension )

Call Gdoc.ReplaceItemValue( "Dept_TX", coP.Department )

Call Gdoc.ReplaceItemValue( "IAddr_TX", coP.InternetAddress )

Call Gdoc.ReplaceItemValue( "Manager_NA", coP.Manager )

End Sub

Anyone see a potential problem with this approach?

(Demo: Create Form CR1)

3232

So What’s the Obvious Problem?

If they save the doc without exiting the field, the updates don’t happen!

So how do you work around it?

Consider using the code in the Form’s QuerySave event too

But wait, doesn’t that mean we’re maintaining code in two places?

Ah hah! A segue to script libraries!

(Demo: Create Form CR2)

3333

Store Most of Your Code in Script Libraries

Storing the guts of your code in a script library makes it accessible from multiple agents and events

It also makes configuration management simpler

(Demo: Create Form CR3)

3434

Script Libraries and Agents

Most of my agents are stored in script libs

Usually we have timed/manual versions of the agents

This reduces the effort of signing agents after enabling, since all the code can be signed without affecting a scheduled agent

3535

Script Libs – Great for Scheduled Agents

REMEMBER – Scheduled agents can’t use front end classesThere is no “front end”, e.g., no user interaction

Get rid of references to uidoc, uiws, etc

OR

Set a flag variable to detect whether running locally or on a server and handle ui variables accordingly (like GboolLocal shown earlier)

3636

Scheduled Agents – Suggestions

Put the guts of the agent in a script library, leaving the agentonly with a single call

Create a manually triggered version of the agent (again using a single call)

Suppress most print statements except for debugging –these can flood the log

Use your GboolLocal variable to selectively enable print statements (provides ui pacifier)

3737

Collections

Let’s face it, we like to collect stuff!

3838

Collections

There are a lot of “collections” out there

Document collections

View Entry collections

Access Control Lists (ACL)

Even fields are arrays of values, e.g., collectionsYou can get even more complicated, with multiple items mapped toa single array value

3939

Basic Document Collections

Let’s look at a simple collection firstExample: We want to process all the docs in db

' Dims and initialization skipped for clarity

' a collection of everything in the database

Set dc = db.AllDocuments

' get handle to first doc in the collection

Set doc = dc.GetFirstDocument()

' Now need to examine each one, so loop through collection

Do While Not (Doc Is Nothing)

' do real work here, but for now just show us the UNID

' working with all docs you'd probably use conditionals too

Print doc.UniversalID

' get handle to next doc (note it requires current reference)

Set doc = dc.GetNextDocument( doc )

Loop

(Collection Demo 1)

4040

Creating a Collection of Fewer Docs

The previous example works, but could take a while and is usually unnecessary

If we only want some documents, there are better ways

Get all the documents in a view (rather than the database)Get selected documents in a view Get data from a view entry collectionUse search method to get all docs based on criteria

4141

Working With All Docs in a View

' get a handle to the view

Set view = db.GetView( "Company" )

' get handle to first doc in the view

Set doc = view.GetFirstDocument()

Do While Not ( doc Is Nothing)

' do real work here, usually with function

Print doc.LastName_TX( 0 )

Set doc = view.GetNextDocument( doc )

Loop

NOTE: Avoid using GetNthDocument()

(Collection Demo 2)

4242

Getting a View Entry Collection

Better still, use a ViewEntryCollection

Useful if the view contains all the data you need No need to open the document

NOTE: Multiple values in a field can be more problematic

4343

Using a View Entry Collection

' get a collection of all entries in the view

Set vc = view.AllEntries

' get handle to first entry in the collection

Set ve = vc.GetFirstEntry()

' Now need to examine each one

Do While Not (ve Is Nothing)

' as before, do real work here

Print ve.ColumnValues( 0 )

Set ve = vc.GetNextEntry( ve )

Loop

(Collection Demo 3)

4444

Comparing Doc Collections to View Entry Collections

Document CollectionsWorks with database and other objectsRarely in the order you expectGets you directly to the documentsDon’t necessarily require intermediate views

View Entry CollectionsWorks with viewsPreserves current sort orderFaster – IF the document data you need is in the view (in columns)Problematic if dealing with multi-value data

4545

Lists

Not only do we like collecting stuff, we like making lists of the stuff we have

or want

4646

Lists – Useful Bits

To assign (or reassign) a value to an item in a list, specify the item with a tag, then the value

strMyList( “JOHN” ) = “Today’s Speaker”

To empty a list completely, use EraseErase strMyList

To delete one entry from list, also use EraseErase strMyList( “JustThisOne” )

To get the list’s tag (index), use ListTag()strTag = ListTag( varSomeListValue )

4747

List – Usage

Assigning a value to a listDim strInstrumentList List As String

strInstrumentList( "JOHN" ) = "Rhythm Guitar and Keyboards"

strInstrumentList( "PAUL" ) = "Left-handed Bass Guitar"

strInstrumentList( "GEORGE" ) = "Lead Guitar"

strInstrumentList( "RINGO" ) = "Drums"

Reading a valuePrint strInstrumentList( "GEORGE" )

returns "Lead Guitar“

(List Demo 1)

4848

Working with Lists

By themselves, useful, but ….

Real value is working with batches of values

Example – show all tags and their values:Forall strI In strInstrumentList

' get the tag associated with this value

strName = Listtag( strI )

' show it on the status bar

Print strName & ": " & strI

End Forall

(List Demo 2)

4949

Working with Lists – Error Handling

Often you need to check that a list and/or a tag exists before calling it

IsList() : used to see if the variable is a list

IsElement() : used to see if the specific tag is in the list

Example: See if the job list has a value called “default”If Iselement( strJobList( "default" ) ) Then

Print "Default job is " _

& strJobList( "default" )

End If

5050

Using Lists for Counting

Counting bins of unpredictable data

Given:Person docs in NAB has department numberNumber and makeup of department numbers keeps changingYou want to know how many people are in each department

(List Demo 3)

5151

Working with Lists (Example 3)

Dim lngDeptList List As Long ' list of longs

' get handle to first document

Set doc = view.GetFirstDocument()

' for each doc in view

Do While Not doc Is Nothing

' get the dept value -- assume only one

strDept = doc.Dept_TX( 0 )

' ===============================================

' Here's the important bit

' ===============================================

' increment counter for this specific dept

lngDeptList( strDept ) = lngDeptList( strDept ) + 1

' get handle to next document so we can repeat process

Set doc = view.GetNextDocument( doc )

Loop

5252

Lists of Objects

Lists don’t have to contain “ordinary” things like strings and numbers

You can have a list of objects

The list tag, however, is still a string

(Maybe Skip: List Demo 7)

5353

Lists – Example Using Lists with Field Names

Wanted: custom button for “cloning” an existing document

Creates a new document, with selective fields copied over

Example: Purchase Requisition, where you want to buy more of the same stuff but need to reset purchasing information

5454

Lists – Cloning Example

' Copy the field values from old to new doc

Forall strF In strXfrFieldList

' get the field name as the tag, though it could be as a value

' if that's how you chose to set up the list

strFieldName = Listtag( strF )

' copy the field value from current to new

If docCurrent.HasItem( strFieldName ) Then

Call docNew.ReplaceItemValue( strFieldName, _

docCurrent.GetFirstItem( strFieldName ) )

End If

End Forall

(List Demo 8)

5555

Lists - Positives

An intuitive alternative to arrays in many ways

Don’t need to predefine size

Uses text “tags” for indexing instead of numeric subscripts

Usually easier to read

5656

Lists - Negatives

Single-dimension only – arrays can be multidimensionalThere is a trick using Split() to work around it, sort of

Text tags can complicate things when you’re looking for numbers

Don’t work directly in fields – must convert to array first

Lists aren’t sorted, but are stored in tag creation order

5757

What We Covered

Objects, the object model, properties, methods, and events

Working with collections of stuff

Lists

Script libraries

Lots of code

5858

Please Fill Out an Evaluation Form – Thank You!

Session: AD506

Title: Intermediate LotusScript

Speaker: John Dillon

But wait, there’s more!

Bonus MaterialOther relatedsessions this weekReferencesQuestions

5959

Related Sessions Still AheadAD301 – How to Use IBM Lotus Notes and Domino Calendar and Scheduling in your Applications

Youcef Bennour – Wed 11:15

AD505 - DevBlast - 30 LotusScript TipsBill Buchan – Wed 1:30

AD507 - Leveraging the Power of Object Oriented Programming in LotusScript

Jens-B. Augustiny and Bill Buchan – Wed 4:15

AD303 – Extreme Makeover – IBM Lotus Domino Application EditionRay Bilyk – Thu 8:30

6060

6161

Useful References and Utilities

Debugging LotusScriptwww-128.ibm.com/developerworks/lotus/library/ls-DebuggingLotusScript_1/

ClipMate – www.ClipMate.com

Ytria – www.Ytria.com

Teamstudio – www.TeamStudio.com

Using the object-oriented features of LotusScriptwww-128.ibm.com/developerworks/lotus/library/ls-object_oriented_LotusScript

6262

Contact the Speaker

John @ WidgetRacing.com

www.WidgetRacing.com

jdillon @ teledyne.com

www.teledyne-si.com

There may be updates to these slides. If so, find them here:

www.WidgetRacing.com/ls2007/ad506.zip

6363

Bonus Material – Classes

This information was added during the presentation at the request of the audience, so I’m adding a few slides here to match

We like that “Object Oriented” thing

6464

Creating Your Own Class

Classes are odd puppiesLive in the declarations sectionClass-related functions/subs also live here, not easily visible like regular code

Start by defining the Class with a Class statement

Then define any class-wide variables

Then define subroutines and functions within the class

6565

Creating Your Own Class

Remember to include:

“New” sub (for creating new objects based on the class)

“Delete” sub (for handling the destruction of the object)

Functions to return the attributes

Note: Unlike some other languages, you can’t overloadLotusScript classes

6666

Class Example

We have a co_Person class in the demo db

When you instantiate an object of this class, you pass in a person’s name and a custom co_NAB_Initializer object

The object then has several attributes you can use, such asManager’s nameName in Last, First formatDepartmentPhone numberFoundInNAB flag – very useful!

6767

Without the Gory Details

Here’s how to use this custom class' some code missing for clarity, including coNABInit definition

Dim coP As co_Person ' an object using custom class

strName = Gdoc.Employee_NA( 0 )

Set coP = New co_Person( strName, coNABInit )

Print "Looking up phone number and other information for " & coP.Common & " ... "

If coP.FoundInNAB Then

Print "Name in Last, First format: " coP.LastFirst

Else

Messagebox strName & " not found in NAB", 64, db.Title

End If

6868

But Where Do Custom Classes Live?

Generally in a script library

In declarations for agent or form using the class, add:

Use “Person Lookup Class"

6969

Bonus Materials – Collections

7070

BONUS: Getting A Collection by Searching

All docs by search

strReturn = “BROWN”Set dc = db.FTSearch( strReturn, 0 )

Caveats:Full Text Indices are useful and usually requiredNo pacifier is displayed while searchingOften you’ll want to build a dialog box, then build your search string from the user’s input

(Collection Demo 4)

7171

BONUS: Getting A Collection by Key

All docs in a view by key

strReturn = “BROWN”Set dc = view.GetAllDocumentsByKey( strReturn, False )

Caveats:Same as before, plus…View-specific, not database-wideLooks in first sorted column (unless multiple-value key array is used)

(Collection Demo 5)

7272

BONUS: Getting Selected Documents

If you want to manually choose which docs to process, use db.UnprocessedDocuments() method

Note that it’s a database method, not a view method

Note the agent target must be set to “All Selected Documents” as shown

7373

BONUS: Getting Selected Documents (code)

' yes, “UnprocessedDocuments” means “SelectedDocs”

Set dc = db.UnprocessedDocuments

Set doc = dc.GetFirstDocument()

Do While Not (doc Is Nothing)

' do real work here

Print doc.LastName_TX( 0 )

Set doc = dc.GetNextDocument( doc )

Loop

(Collection Demo 6)

7474

BONUS: Deleting a Document While Looping Through a Collection

What happens when you attempt to delete a document while

walking through a

collection?

ADT error as shown

Work around is to get a handle to the next document before deleting the current

(Collection Demo 7 and 8)

7575

Bonus Materials – Lists

7676

BONUS: Lists – Setup

Initialize with Dim statementDim strValueList List as String 'list of strings

Dim varValueList List as Variant ' variants

' a list of rich text style objects

Dim styleValueList List as NotesRichTextStyle

etc

NOTE: variable naming is up to you – our naming convention says to append “List” to the variable name so we can tell what it is at a glance

7777

BONUS: Variations on the Bin Counters

Instead of using documents, use view entries(List Demo 4)

Instead of using documents, use categorized view entries(List Demo 5)

Instead of using view entries, use view navigator(List Demo 6)

7878

BONUS: Lists – Converting to Arrays

Sometimes you need to convert a list to an array

Usually for storing the values into a multi-value field

Function CreateArrayFromInput() in demo database you can use

7979

Bonus Materials – Objects

8080

BONUS: A Couple of Shortcuts

You can dim and instantiate some objects in one step, most commonly session and uiworkspace

Dim session As New NotesSession ' note New constructor

8181

BONUS: Object Variable Not Set

We hate these, don’t we?

Run in debugger to see which object is not set

Usually it’s a sequence problem, like trying to get a view before you’ve defined the database

Whenever possible, include your own error trapping

(Object Demo 2)

8282

BONUS: One More Very Common Error

Field values are generally arrays, even if there’s only one

This error comes from a lotof different ways, but verycommon problem is forgettingthe subscript to a field value

strValue = doc.LastName_TX

often should be

strValue = doc.LastName_TX( 0 )

(Object Demo 3)

8383

BONUS: When Do I Need to Use “Set” for Assigning a Value to a Variable?

Rules of thumb:

If you’re working with an object itself, use Set

If you’re working with an object’s property, don’t

If you’re working with a “regular” variable (strings, integers, etc), don’t

Set view = db.GetView( "Dept" )

db.Title = "Advisor Examples"

lngCount = 4903

strMsg = "Okay, I’m done"

8484

BONUS: UI or not UI?

When working with a document, view, database or workspace currently presented to the user, you’re working with UI objects like uidoc,uiview, etc

LS methods for manipulating UI (front end) objects rarely match those for back end objects

Each has value

Often we work with both simultaneously

8585

Bonus Materials – Script Libraries

8686

BONUS: Creating a Script Library

Look under Shared Code – Script Library

Insert the functions and subroutinesMy personal preference, everything

is a function

If necessary, use global variables in declarations, but this can bite you if you’re not careful

Try to avoid it

If you must, then document thereasons

8787

BONUS: Using a Script Library

Add a “Use” statement in the declarations

Try to keep the libraries stand-aloneNot always possibleIf one library requires another, it must be listed in the library’s declarations just as if it were an agentExample: Notifications lib needs DBObjectVariables

Agent has two declarations, in this order

Use "DBObjectVariables"

Use “Notifications“Notifications library has one declaration

Use "DBObjectVariables"

8888

Bonus Materials – Arrays

8989

BONUS: Arrays

Collection of values stored in a single variable, numerically indexed

Can be static or dynamic

Can be multi-dimensional (3 x 3 array, for example)

Most values in a field are stored as an array, even when there’s only one value

9090

BONUS: Working with Arrays

Dim them firstI usually dim them without size, then redim them to the size we need when we know it

Redim changes size

Redim Preserve is useful, but can be slow with large arraysConsider whether it’s really the right approachMost useful for small numbers of elements

(Array Demo 1 and 2)

9191

BONUS: Creating Arrays with Split()

Useful for taking a well-formed string of multiple values, such as a comma-separated string, and putting them into an array

Most commonly used when importing data from flat files

Syntax: Split( string, separator )

(Array Demo 3)

9292

Please Fill Out an Evaluation Form – Thank You!

Session: AD506

Title: Intermediate LotusScript

Speaker: John Dillon

Questions?(and maybe answers!)

9393

© IBM Corporation 2007. All Rights Reserved.

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