Lot in LifeLot in LifeByBy

Sindy MoralesSindy Morales & & Benjamin EnyinnayaBenjamin Enyinnaya

Topic:Topic: Your partner has been diagnosed Your partner has been diagnosed with Colon Cancerwith Colon Cancer

Psy (2070): Human Growth and Psy (2070): Human Growth and DevelopmentDevelopment

Professor: Angela TaylorProfessor: Angela Taylor

May 2, 2012May 2, 2012

AbstractAbstract This presentation focuses on providing a This presentation focuses on providing a

description and definition of colon cancer. description and definition of colon cancer. Also, it identifies a specific local Also, it identifies a specific local community resource, such as phone community resource, such as phone numbers and contact information, and numbers and contact information, and program details that are available to program details that are available to support a family in colon cancer situation. support a family in colon cancer situation.

Colon CancerColon Cancer

The The coloncolon is the longest part of the large is the longest part of the large intestine and the lowest part of the digestive intestine and the lowest part of the digestive system. system.

CancerCancer is a class of diseases characterized is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth, and colon by out-of-control cell growth, and colon cancer forms when this uncontrolled cell cancer forms when this uncontrolled cell growth initiates with cells in the large growth initiates with cells in the large intestine.intestine.

Location of the Colon:Location of the Colon:

The digestive system is made up of the The digestive system is made up of the esophagus, the stomach, and the small and esophagus, the stomach, and the small and large intestines. The small intestine extends large intestines. The small intestine extends from the lower end of the stomach to the large from the lower end of the stomach to the large intestine, and the large intestine extends from intestine, and the large intestine extends from the end of the small intestine to the anal the end of the small intestine to the anal opening. opening. The large intestine has two partsThe large intestine has two parts: the : the first part is the colonfirst part is the colon, which is about six feet , which is about six feet long, and the long, and the last part is the rectumlast part is the rectum, which is , which is between six and ten inches long.between six and ten inches long.

Community SourceCommunity Source

Maryland Colorectal Cancer Control Maryland Colorectal Cancer Control ProgramProgram provides information for colon provides information for colon cancer screening. This agency is located in cancer screening. This agency is located in the Department of Health and mental the Department of Health and mental Hygiene.Hygiene.

Center for cancer Surveillance and controlCenter for cancer Surveillance and control201 W Preston Street,201 W Preston Street,Baltimore, MD 21201Baltimore, MD 21201Tel: 1(800) 477-9774Tel: 1(800) 477-9774

Diagram the Colon Cancer:Diagram the Colon Cancer:

Fig 1Fig 1

Causes of Colon CancerCauses of Colon Cancer

CancerCancer is ultimately the result of cells that is ultimately the result of cells that uncontrollably grow and do not die. Normal uncontrollably grow and do not die. Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth, division, and death (growth, division, and death (apoptosisapoptosis). ).

Video I:Video I: http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMB44VKKVLQv=YMB44VKKVLQ

Statistics:Statistics:

1n 2010, the American Cancer Society 1n 2010, the American Cancer Society estimates that 102,900 new cases of colon estimates that 102,900 new cases of colon cancer were diagnosed in the United cancer were diagnosed in the United States. Although States. Although colon cancercolon cancer is among is among the most common forms of cancer, the the most common forms of cancer, the number of new cases and the number of number of new cases and the number of deaths attributed to the disease have deaths attributed to the disease have declined in recent years due to improved declined in recent years due to improved screening and diagnostic techniques.screening and diagnostic techniques.

Risk Factors:Risk Factors:

Age:Age: Most people who have colon cancer are over age fifty, Most people who have colon cancer are over age fifty, although the disease can affect a person at any age. although the disease can affect a person at any age.

Personal history:Personal history: People who have had colorectal cancer People who have had colorectal cancer before and women who have had ovarian, uterine, or before and women who have had ovarian, uterine, or breast cancer are at a slightly increased risk of getting breast cancer are at a slightly increased risk of getting colon cancer.colon cancer.

Ulcerative colitis:Ulcerative colitis: People who have ulcerative colitis, People who have ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the lining of the colon, have an increased inflammation of the lining of the colon, have an increased risk for colon cancer.risk for colon cancer.

Diet:Diet: Colon cancer is associated with a diet that is high in Colon cancer is associated with a diet that is high in fat and calories and low in fiber.fat and calories and low in fiber.

Symptoms:Symptoms:

A change in bowel habits A change in bowel habits – DiarrheaDiarrhea– ConstipationConstipation– Narrowing of the stoolNarrowing of the stool

Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool Cramping or gnawing stomach pain Cramping or gnawing stomach pain Decreased appetite Decreased appetite Vomiting Vomiting Weakness and fatigue Weakness and fatigue

Diagnosis:Diagnosis:

Rectal Examination:Rectal Examination: Wearing thin gloves, the doctor puts a Wearing thin gloves, the doctor puts a greased finger into the rectum and gently feels for lumps.greased finger into the rectum and gently feels for lumps.

Proctoscopy:Proctoscopy: Looking inside the rectum and lower colon Looking inside the rectum and lower colon with a special instrument called a with a special instrument called a sigmoidoscope.sigmoidoscope.

Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy: look inside the rectum and the entire colon look inside the rectum and the entire colon with a special tool called a with a special tool called a colonoscopecolonoscope..

– Video II: http://www.youtube.com/watch?Video II: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXCYHjbKenA&feature=relatedv=yXCYHjbKenA&feature=related

Stages:Stages:

Stage 0 or carcinoma: Stage 0 or carcinoma: Carcinoma in situ is very early Carcinoma in situ is very early cancer. cancer.

Stage I: Stage I: At this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the At this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the innermost lining of the colon to the second and third layers innermost lining of the colon to the second and third layers and involves the inside wall of the colon.and involves the inside wall of the colon.

Stage II: Stage II: Cancer has spread outside the colon to nearby Cancer has spread outside the colon to nearby tissue, but it has not gone into the lymph nodes or beyond.tissue, but it has not gone into the lymph nodes or beyond.

Stage III: Stage III: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but it Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but it has not spread to other parts of the body. has not spread to other parts of the body.

Stage IV: Stage IV: At this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the At this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the colon to other parts of the bodycolon to other parts of the body

Treatment Options:Treatment Options:

SurgerySurgery Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy ChemotherapyChemotherapy Biological TherapyBiological Therapy

Surgery:Surgery: SurgerySurgery is the most common treatment for all is the most common treatment for all

stages of colon cancer. A doctor may remove stages of colon cancer. A doctor may remove the cancer using one of the following the cancer using one of the following procedures:procedures:– Local excisionLocal excision– Bowel or colon resectionBowel or colon resection– ColostomyColostomy

Side effectsSide effects– Patients are often uncomfortable during the first few Patients are often uncomfortable during the first few

days after surgery, but the pain can usually be days after surgery, but the pain can usually be controlled with medicine. controlled with medicine.

Radiation Therapy:Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapyRadiation therapy is the use of high-energy is the use of high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumorx-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumor

Side EffectsSide Effects– TirednessTiredness– Skin reactions in the treated areasSkin reactions in the treated areas– Loss of appetite. Loss of appetite.

Chemotherapy:Chemotherapy:

ChemotherapyChemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Most anticancer drugs are cancer cells. Most anticancer drugs are injected into a vein (IV) or a muscle; some injected into a vein (IV) or a muscle; some are given by mouth. are given by mouth.

Side EffectsSide Effects– InfectionsInfections– TirednessTiredness– Temporary hair lossTemporary hair loss– Mouth soresMouth sores

Biological Therapy:Biological Therapy:

Biological therapyBiological therapy tries to get the body to tries to get the body to fight cancer. It uses materials made by the fight cancer. It uses materials made by the body or made in a laboratory to boost, body or made in a laboratory to boost, direct, or restore the body’s natural direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses against disease. Biological defenses against disease. Biological treatment is sometimes called biological treatment is sometimes called biological response modifier (BRM) therapy or response modifier (BRM) therapy or immunotherapy.immunotherapy.

Challenges of Colon CancerChallenges of Colon Cancer

EmotionalEmotional PsychologicalPsychological Financial andFinancial and Legal StatusLegal Status

GrantsGrants

Both the state and federal government offer Both the state and federal government offer grants to:grants to:

-Low SES families &-Low SES families &

-Uninsured Maryland residents for cancer -Uninsured Maryland residents for cancer diagnosis and treatment. diagnosis and treatment.

Alleviating Colon CancerAlleviating Colon Cancer Having explored this topic; our group has Having explored this topic; our group has

decided that decided that surgerysurgery would be a better would be a better way of resolving or alleviating colon way of resolving or alleviating colon cancer condition. The reason why cancer condition. The reason why surgerysurgery was chosen is because the side effects was chosen is because the side effects are less compared to chemotherapy, are less compared to chemotherapy, biological or radiation therapy. Although biological or radiation therapy. Although the patient will be uncomfortable the patient will be uncomfortable medication will take care of the pain.medication will take care of the pain.

CitationCitation Berk, Laura E. (2011). Berk, Laura E. (2011). Exploring lifespan developmentExploring lifespan development. Boston, MA: Allyn & . Boston, MA: Allyn &

Bacon.Bacon. Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) (n.d.). In Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) (n.d.). In cdc.govcdc.gov. Retrieved April . Retrieved April

30, 2012, from http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/dcpc_Programs/default.aspx?30, 2012, from http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/dcpc_Programs/default.aspx?NPID=4&PID=206NPID=4&PID=206

Cancer Prevention, Education, Screening, & Treatment ProgramColorectal Cancer Cancer Prevention, Education, Screening, & Treatment ProgramColorectal Cancer Screening (n.d.). In Screening (n.d.). In Maryland.govMaryland.gov. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from . Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://fha.maryland.gov/cancer/crc_screening.cfmhttp://fha.maryland.gov/cancer/crc_screening.cfm

Cancer Fund (n.d.). In Cancer Fund (n.d.). In Maryland.govMaryland.gov. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from . Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://fha.maryland.gov/cancer/mcf_home.cfmhttp://fha.maryland.gov/cancer/mcf_home.cfm

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