elcome to this third in ourseries of occasional newsletters!Just when it seems that we

don’t have a critical mass of material tojustify an entire newsletter, ideas wellup from a variety of sources and weend up with a surplus of excellentmaterial. This issue was no exception.

One challenge I’ve struggled withis what I might say about the anniver-sary of Sputnik … or rather, what to saythat hasn’t already been said. In notingthe NASM/NASA symposium“Remembering the Space Age” sched-uled for October 21-22, I recalled a simi-lar event 10 years ago. Sure enough,there on my bookshelf wasReconsidering Sputnik – Forty YearsSince the Soviet Satellite (2000), editedby Roger Launius, John Logsdon andRobert Smith. This book containsselected essays presented at a confer-ence of the same name, as well as someadditional research essays.

Much of what was publishedcontemporary with Sputnik was unable

to benefit from the acuity of hindsight,as well as the fact that the political,social and technical reverberations ofthe launch were not immediatelydiscernible — or even anticipated. Inthe years since, the view of the eventand its effect has come into sharperfocus, some as a result of research intoofficial archives of the former SovietUnion. In addition, “new” informationappears in the form of memoirs of

A M E R I C A N A S T R O N A U T I C A L S O C I E T Y | A M E R I C A ’ S N E T W O R K O F S P A C E P R O F E S S I O N A L S

Report from oldNASA site No. 19 . . . . . . . . 2Google on the Moon. . . . . 3Pesky Moon dust,Apollo 1 topics of radioprograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Space history symposiahelp create importantdatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Call for papers . . . . . . . . . . 6News briefs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Book review:New release offersglimpse of Italianscientist’s life . . . . . . . . . . . 8Upcoming meetingsand events . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Committee memberupdates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Committee contactinformation. . . . . . . . . . . . 19Obituary: Walter M.“Wally” Schirra Jr. . . . . . . 21

EXPLORERA M E R I C A N A S T R O N A U T I C A L S O C I E T Y

What you’ll find

WINSIDE

May 2007 | Issue 3

Michael L. CianconeCHAIR, AAS HISTORY COMMITTEE

What to say about Sputnik?

A Q&A with De Witt Kilgore of Bloomington, Ind.,the newest member of the History Committee

NEW! The latest volume in the AAS History Series is now available from Univelt, Inc. | 12

In the Spotlight >>>

lookingback: Life in space | 20

Newsletter of the AAS History Committee

10

F R O M T H E C H A I R M A N ’ S D E S K

Continued on back page, 22 ä

Editor: Tim Chamberlin | TMCspace@aol.com

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Report from old NASA site No. 19Editor’s note: The following reportwas filed by AAS History Committeemember James Busby.

Dear Friends and colleagues:

Things have picked up here atDowney Landing (the Downey NASASite or old NASA site No. 19) inDowney, Calif., where EmescoAviation started, and the site thatVultee, North American, Rockwelland Boeing occupied from 1929 until1999.

The site now has an ApolloCommand Module (Boilerplate No. 6,or BP-6), which was the first Apollospacecraft ever launched and recov-ered. The CM was refurbished twiceand used in parachute tests, beingdropped out of the back of aircraftover El Centro, Calif. (BP-6A and B).

Stricken from RockwellInternational in 1975, the CM wasgiven to the AFL-CIO and stood infront of the Downey offices for 30years.

Recently, the CM was rescuedfrom the closing Automobile andAerospace Workers Union Hall in acombined effort between the city ofDowney, the Aerospace LegacyFoundation (ALF) and the DowneyLanding Studio.

ALF was told that it had 24 hoursto take the CM, so it informed thestudio and the City of Downey.

The city desperately wanted theCM for the upcoming ColumbiaMemorial Space Science Learning

Center, which will be built at the oldNASA site. (See more below)

With less than a day to save theCM, the Industrial Reality Group(IRG) and Downey Landing Studioquickly sent a forklift and a truck forpickup. The forklift driver evenrecovered the concrete base support-ing the CM by using the forks to digit up from the ground.

Downey Landing Studio isproviding space on the grounds forthe CM’s storage, outside of the ALFoffice. ALF wants to restore BP-6 toits original state before it flew onNov. 7, 1963. To do that an Apollolaunch escape system and tower areneeded. Ideas, anyone?

ALF has been granted an officeon the old NASA site by IRG. Thisgroup has shown repeatedly that itcares about the site’s long history byfinding artifacts and bringing them tothe foundation's attention.Construction markers, signs and evenfurniture have been recovered andbrought to our offices. IRG evenassisted in locating the originalrunway markers (compass roses)from the early 1920s.

We are still finding hardware andartifacts around the site. The firstbuilding on the site — a woodenhorse barn — survives, and we have

The Apollo Command Module Boilerplate No. 6 (left), which was the first Apollospacecraft ever launched and recovered, now rests at the Downey NASA Site (right),in Downey, Calif.

AEROSPACE LEGACY FOUNDATION NASA

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high hopes that it can be utilized as ahistory center.

Learning Center groundbreaking

The official groundbreaking ofthe Columbia Memorial SpaceScience Learning Center was heldApril 12, the anniversary of YuriGagarin’s historic flight. The newtwo-story building will include aChallenger Learning Center and willhouse some exhibits that will honorDowney’s contributions to the aero-space industry.

The site eventually will includethe original wooden full-scale SpaceShuttle Orbiter mock-up that wasbuilt in 1974 by Rockwell for NASA,who donated it to the City ofDowney. The center is scheduled toopen in late 2008.

ALF is preparing to do audiohistories of surviving aerospaceworkers from various companies andwants to create a cybrary so engi-neers will have past resources toutilize in the future.

In addition to Apollo spacecraftand Space Shuttle, the DowneyNASA site was the design center ofthe Kinner folding wing, Mercury/Little Joe and the Convair MX-774,

among others. I would appreciate any help that

my colleagues would care tocontribute. With the number ofhistoric aviation and aerospace sitesdwindling, ALF hopes to recall thetime when the people of Californiacontributed to the age of aviation andthe first race to the Moon. We alsowant to prepare our upcoming gener-ations to be engineers, scientists andastronauts by keeping their eyes onthe skies.

For more information, visit ALFonline at www.aerospacelegacyfoun-dation.org. To learn more about theLearning Center, go to www.columbi-aspacescience.org.

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ä NASA SITE NO. 19Continued from Page 2

Nominated titles for EmmeAward under review

The selection process for the2006 Emme Award for AstronauticalLiterature is well underway.

We appreciate the enthusiasticresponse of the many folks whokindly offered nominations. Wehave solicited the publishers ofnominated titles for review copiesand the response has been verypositive. The selection panel willreview the books over the next fewmonths in anticipation of announc-ing the recipient of the 2006 EmmeAward at the AAS national meet-ing in Houston in November.

A glance at the list of nomi-nated titles leads me to believethe selection panel members canlook forward to a summer of goodreading!"

— Mike Ciancone

Google lands on the MoonPlanning a vacation on the

surface of the Moon? Look no further than Google

Moon — a Web site with a photo-graphic, interactive map of the lunarsurface that shows the locations of allsix Apollo Lunar Module landing sites.

The Web site is an extension ofGoogle’s ongoing collaboration withNASA to organize information andbring it to a wider audience. NASA’sAmes Research Center signed anagreement with Google in Decemberto work together on overcoming datamanagement hurdles and other tech-nical problems.

To use Google Moon, simplyslide a dial on the left-hand side ofthe screen to zoom in and out ordouble-click a point on the map tocenter the image. Clicking on a land-ing site icon reveals the names of theApollo crew and landing date.

(Zooming in too close reveals asurprise.)

Google Moon, much like GoogleMars, does not require users todownload software. Google Moon isless detailed though and does notinclude an elevation scale norinfrared imagery. The site also lacks adistance scale.

— Tim Chamberlin

Google Moon — http://moon.google.com

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National Public Radio haspublished a series of stories lookingback at historic and tragic momentsof human spaceflight, including theexperiences of Apollo and SpaceShuttle astronauts.

Four radio features beginning inlate January have covered topics suchas moon dust, sleeping in space, theApollo 1 fire and ValentinaTereshkova, the first woman in space.

The radio stories are archived onNPR’s Web site. Previews and linksto each program appear below.

— Tim Chamberlin

NASA’s Big Chore: Dusting on the Moon

Apollo 17 astronaut HarrisonSchmitt and other experts discuss thechallenges that Moon dust posedduring lunar excursions and similarproblems NASA may face now that ithas plans to send astronauts back tothe Moon by 2018. (3 min., 49 sec.)

F Listen to program

Valentina Tereshkova:First Woman in Space Turns 70

A short feature on Former cosmo-

naut and Vostok 6 pilot ValentinaTereshkova, the first woman in space,who recently celebrated her 70thbirthday. (1 min., 10 sec.)

F Listen to program

Reflections on the Apollo 1Disaster, 40 Years Later

Chris Kraft, NASA’s director offlight operations in 1967, recountsthe tragic moments of the fire thattook the lives of astronauts GusGrissom, Ed White and Roger

Chaffee in an Apollo CommandModule during a preflight test atCape Canaveral, Fla. (6 min., 01 sec.)

F Listen to program

Zero Gravity Zzzs: Joys of Sleeping in Space

Veteran astronauts Marsha Ivinsand Dan Barry, who collectivelylogged 72 nights in space duringseveral Space Shuttle missions,discuss the joys and travails of fallingasleep in zero gravity. (5 min., 50 sec.)

F Listen to program

NASA

Astronaut Harrison Schmitt retrieves lunar samples during the second extravehicularactivity at the Taurus-Littrow landing site during the Apollo 17 mission. The dirtyappearance of Schmitt's space suit is a result of the cohesive nature of the lunar dust.

Pesky Moondust, Apollo 1topics of radioprograms

ne of the earliest scientifictopics in the charter of theInternational Academy of

Astronautics (IAA, founded in 1960)was the history of rocketry and astro-nautics. The IAA History of theDevelopment of Rockets andAstronautics Committee was createdin 1961 (which later became the IAAHistory Study Group) and has beencontinuously active.

The History Study Group is aninternational committee withmembers from all over the world,and some of the longest membershipsgo back to the mid-to-late 1960s.Presently the History Study Grouphas 38 members from 14 countries.

Over the years many well-knownhistorians on astronautics and rock-etry have acted as chair or co-chair-persons:n Charles Dolfuss, France (1961-1971)n E. Cambi, Italy (1971-78)n Eugene M. Emme, U.S. (1978-80)n Viktor N. Sokolsky, USSR/Russia(1978-93)n Frederick C. Durant III, U.S. (1980-89)n Frederick I. Ordway III, U.S. (1989–95)n Jacques Villain, France (1993-99)n John E. Becklake, U.K. (1996-99)n George S. James, U.S. (2000-05)n Hervé Moulin, France (2000-05)

I have served as co-chair since2004 with Yasonuri Matogawa ofJapan (2005- ).

The main activity of the HistoryStudy Group has been the organiza-

tion and conduct of the annualSymposium on History of Rocketryand Astronautics at the InternationalAstronautical Congresses (IAC).

The first symposium was organ-ized by Fred Durant in 1967 inBelgrade, Yugoslavia, and since then40 symposia have been held so far.(The 40th was held in Valencia,Spain, in 2006).

At these symposia more than 650papers have been presented. Topicscovered range from memoirs tosocial, political, scientific and techni-cal issues. Project and programhistory and the history of nationalspace programs are also discussed.

Each symposium is documentedin the “History SymposiaProceedings” published by Univelt,Inc., which are available in volumesunder the AAS and IAA HistorySeries. (See page 12).

The latest IAA volume (No. 18)

includes proceedings of the 32ndHistory Symposium of the IAA held inMelbourne, Australia, in 1998, and themanuscripts for the following sixsymposia have been received byUnivelt editor Donald Elder.

These proceedings now repre-sent one of the largest internationaldatabases on the history of rocketryand astronautics outside the nationalspace agencies. To support futureresearch work Hervé Moulin hasprepared an overview (programs,abstracts and index) of the papersgiven from 1967–2000. The reportcan be downloaded from the IAAWeb site.

The History Study Group meetsat least once per year, regularly at theIAC, and in addition to regular work-ing issues such as the organization ofthe History Symposia and prepara-tion of the proceedings, a generalexchange of information on ongoingactivities by the members or in differ-ent countries is taking place.

In the 1960s and 1970s theHistory Study Group was the onlyinformal forum for exchange of infor-mation on space history issuesbetween East and West, and the verystrong personal relations built upamongst the members made thisexchange very fruitful. The historygroup is also the link for organizingpersonal support on an individualbasis to solve missing documents oranswers to questions from membersconducting historical research work.On a case-by-case basis the IAA andits History Study Group can co-spon-sor local or national symposia on the

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Dr. Å. Ingemar SkoogCO-CHAIR, IAA HISTORY STUDY GROUP

Space history symposia helpcreate important database

O

history of astronautics, which hasbeen the case for several symposia inthe former Soviet Union and theRussian Federation.

The work of the History StudyGroup is documented in minutes ofmeetings and information notesissued on a non-regular base. All this

documentation can be reviewed onthe IAA Web site, where the HistoryStudy Group has its own site.

As the time for 50th anniversariesof space events are approaching theHistory Study Group is planning aseries of IAA history plenaries at theIAC to commemorate major mile-stones in the history of astronautics.

The first is on “The 50thAnniversary of Sputnik 1, the IGY

and the Space Race” to be held at theIAC in Hyderabad, India, inSeptember. Boris Chertok and RobertSeamans have accepted invitations toparticipate. For more information,see the IAC programme online.

For contacts and further informa-tion, send e-mail to Dr. Å. IngemarSkoog at: ake.ingemar.skoog@t-online.de.

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Space conference in 2008to offer European perspective

Proposals for papers and presen-tations are being accepted for‘Imaging Outer Space, 1900-2000,’ aconference being held at BielefeldUniversity in Germany in February2008.

This conference on the culturalhistory of outer space, space traveland space exploration will examinethe manner in which Europeansimagined outer space over the courseof the 20th century.

Unlike most of the existing histo-riography, the conference will be lessfocused on the political, diplomaticand technological aspects ofEuropean space programs per se,than on the socio-cultural rationalebehind the investment of enormousresources. Analyzing contact pointsbetween science and fiction from acomparative European perspective,special attention at the conferencewill be given to sites and situationswhere technologies and images havecontributed to the omnipresence offantasmatic thought.

Themes of possible contributionsinclude but are not limited to:

n Outer Space and the Spatial Turnn Futurist Technologies and PastUtopiasn Science Fiction as Historyn Space Personaen Aliens and the Plurality of Worlds— Debate in the 20th Centuryn UFOs, SETI and the Quest forRadical Alterityn Space Technology’s Places on theGroundn Space and Beyond in the History ofReligion and Western Esotericismn Outer Space and Nuclear Powern Historicizing the Overview Effectn The Frontier-Myth in the Orbital Agen European Astrofuturisms inComparative Perspective

Proposals for papers are invitedfrom those working in history, histo-ry of science and technology, aero-nautics, astrophysics, geography,archaeology, art history, literary criti-cism or related disciplines. Allpapers will be circulated before theconference to leave ample room fordiscussion. Conference language willbe English. Travel funding is avail-able for all speakers.

Submit an abstract of no morethan 300 words together with a shortCV before May 15 for considerationto Alexander Geppert atalexander.geppert@fu-berlin.de.

For more information, visit theWeb site at Free University of Berlin.

A special 1961 issue of “Weltraumfahrt,”an influential joint publication edited onbehalf of several German and Austrianrocket societies. The main title reads“Spaceflight: Magazine for Astronauticsand Rocket Technology.” With the entireissue devoted to spaceflight and Europe,the cover featured the concept of aprojected European satellite developmentwith contributions coming from theBenelux countries, West Germany, England,France, Greece, Ireland, Iceland, Italy,Austria, Switzerland, Spain and Turkey.

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S PA C E H I S T O R Y E N C Y C L O P E D I A

Phased delivery of sectionsto help production flow

The end is near! The ABC-CLIO/American

Astronautical Society space histo-ry encyclopedia project, SpaceExploration and Humanity: AHistorical Encyclopedia continuesto move forward, slowly butsurely. The manuscript is expectedto be ready by the end ofDecember 2007 or, worst casedepending on author and editorperformance, by May 2008.

To help reduce ABC-CLIO’s

productionschedule, weare workinga phaseddelivery ofthe six majorareas of theencyclope-dia. “MilitaryApplications”will be deliv-

ered in May, “Human Spaceflight”by the end of June, “Space andSociety” by the end of July, and“Civilian and CommercialApplications” by the end of August.The last two sections, “Astronomy

and Planetary Science,” and“Technology and Engineering,” areplanned for completion by the endof November and December,respectively.

The phased approach will mini-mize the remaining productionschedule at the end, helping to pullthe publication date forward asmuch as possible. Space historianswill be contacted for specificreviews and to help write anyoutstanding articles. If any histori-ans would like to volunteer to helpcomplete the project, please contactStephen Johnson at stephen.b.john-son@nasa.gov, 719-487-9833.

> For more information about the encyclopedia, see the product fact sheet at ABC-CLIO’s Web site.

4 5 T H A N N I V E R S A R Y

NASA History Office createsnew ‘Friendship 7’ Web site

In honor of the 45th anniversaryof John H. Glenn Jr.’s historic flight,the NASA History Office recentlypublished a special Web site withinformation about the Friendship 7mission and Mercury program.

Glenn was the first American toorbit Earth on February 20, 1962,aboard a Mercury spacecraft.

The Web site offers biographiesof key NASA personnel who wereinstrumental in making theFriendship 7 mission a success. Linksto high-resolution photos and videosalso are available.

O N L I N E

Saturn 5, Vostok drawings partof new ‘Flight’ online archive

Flight International Magazine hasmade available online its archive ofphotographs and technical cutawaydrawings.

The magazine says on its Website that the current posting of imagesand drawings is only a small sample,and that “there is still a lot more tocome as we continue to work throughnearly a century of aviation history,but we hope that you enjoy browsingthrough these first galleries.”

The 40 drawings include: n Apollo mission sequencen Ariane 3

n Ariane 4n BAE Olympus satelliten Douglas space stationn ELDO rocket stage 2n ELDO rocket stage 3n Hubble Space Telescopen Hughes Intelsat VIn Orbital space stationn Orbital space station 2n Saturn 5n Skylabn Skylab modulen Spacelabn Space Shuttle conceptn Viking spacecraftn Vostok capsule

Flight International says that itsarchive dates back to its first issuepublished in 1908.

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New release offers glimpseof Italian scientist’s life

Far Off in Space –The Life of GiuseppeColomboby Giovanni Caprara

Sperling & Kupfer, 2006,200p

Hard Cover ¤16,00(ISBN 8820041952)

For orders of the Englishedition, contact:

Prof. Francesco AngrilliCISAS - Università diPadovaVia Venezia, 15 - Padova-Italy

E-mail:Angrilli.franc@tiscali.it

An interesting little book arrivedin the mail the other day. It is theEnglish translation of a title that firstappeared in Italian on the life story ofGiuseppe “Bepi” Colombo (1920-1984),a man who was full of energy andideas about big things. I must admitthat before I read this book, I wasunaware of Colombo’s name, despitethe fact that I am familiar with someof his technical work. So this was aspecial treat to read about the manand learn more about his scientificlegacy.

Amongst the main points of hislegacy are (1) that he originated theidea of a gravity assist trajectoryaround Venus for the Mariner space-craft that enabled three flybys ofMercury, (2) he was the primaryscientific force behind the ESA Giottomission to Haley’s comet, and (3) heoriginated the idea of space tethersand was the principal investigator forShuttle-based tethered satellite experi-ments.

The tethered satellite conceptinvolved unreeling a 20-kilometercable (with a diameter of about 2.54mm) from the payload bay of theSpace Shuttle. As the cable trailedbehind and beneath the Shuttle, it cutthrough the Earth’s magnetic field,

which created an electromagneticeffect. One practical application ofthis phenomenon is to have the tethersystem function as an electric motorfor spacecraft altitude maintenance inEarth orbit.

Colombo died before witnessingthe results of his efforts. TheTethered Satellite System (TSS-1)flew on STS-46 in 1992 with a crewthat included the first Italian astro-naut, Franco Malerba, and again asTSS-1R (a reflight of the experiment)on STS-75 in 1996 with a crew thatincluded Italian astronaut UmbertoGuidoni.

I am always interested in learningmore about the background interestsand motivations of folks who havebeen involved in spaceflight activities,particularly if they were inspirationalor influential in the absence of greatfanfare or publicity.

Although Italy has had a signifi-cant and active role in spaceflightactivities, the number of English-language publications on Italian spaceprograms and people is relativelysmall. Although this book does notrepresent a rigorous academic exami-nation and reads a bit awkwardly attimes (presumably the result of trans-lation difficulties), it helps to fill thatgap and provides an interesting colorcommentary on Colombo, from child-hood through legacy.

— Michael L. Ciancone

Biography of ‘Bepi’ Colombohelps fill gap of English titlesabout Italy’s space pioneers

May 2-June 27, 2007

Curator’s Choice PresentationsNational Air and Space Museum, Steven F.Udvar-Hazy Center, Chantilly, Va.8 www.nasm.si.edu/udvarhazy

May 23 “FLY NOW!: The Poster Collection of the NationalAir and Space Museum” (West End, 104), JoanneLondon/Aero

May 30 “Water on Mars: Recent Discoveries and OpenQuestions” (Exploring The Planets, 111), RossIrwin/CEPS

June 20 “Wernher von Braun: Space Hero or Nazi Villain?”(Space Race/Space Hall, 114), Michael Neufeld/DSH

June 27 “MESSENGER’s Encounter with Venus” (Exploringthe Planets, 207), Tom Watters/CEPS

All presentations began on Wednesdays at noon.Meet at the Museum Seal in the Milestones of FlightGallery and then proceed to the gallery to hear thepresentation.

May 24-28, 2007

26th Annual International SpaceDevelopment Conference (ISDC)From Old Frontiers to New –Celebrating 50 Years of Spaceflight

Hotel Intercontinental

Dallas, Texas8 isdc.nss.org/2007

September 18-20, 2007

Space 2007 Conference and ExpositionLong Beach, California8 www.aiaa.com

September 24-28, 2007

58th International AstronauticalCongress (IAC) Hyderabad, India8 www.iac2007.org.in

October 16-17, 2007

The Evolution of Air and Space Power:Know the Past – Shape the FutureArlington, Virginia. 8 http://www.afhistoricalfoundation.org

October 17-21, 2007

Society for the Historyof Technology Annual MeetingLooking Back, Looking Beyond: 50th Anniversary

Washington, D.C.8 www.historyoftechnology.org/annualmtg.html

October 21-22, 2007

*Remembering the Space AgeWashington, D.C.

November 13-14, 2007

AAS National Conferenceand 54th Annual MeetingSouth Shore Harbour Resort

Houston, Texas8 www.astronautical.org

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* Held in conjunction with the Society for theHistory of Technology annual meeting.

What are your specific interests inspace history?

My particular interest is in the cultur-al and social impact of the spaceflightmovement and the scientific explorationof space. It is through science writing andscience fiction that we see how intimate isthe link between the adventures we imag-ine or undertake and the very ordinarysocial/material problems we live with.Race, as the difference that stands for allothers, serves me as the issue whichconcerns my scientist-engineer-writers asthey argue for their projects and visions.In this regard my work recovers andcritiques the political or utopian hopesthat often underlie American venturesinto the unknown.

What are you currently working onrelated to space history?

I am currently working a book projecton the search for extraterrestrial intelli-gence. My principle interest in thisresearch is in the methods and stratagemsthat allow a new science to gain cultural,social and even literary credibility. I aminterested in what a particular field ofscientific exploration must do to explainitself to publics who may be sympatheticbut can also be skeptical — even hostile.As in my previous book, Astrofuturism:Science, Race and Visions of Utopia inSpace, my intent is to conduct a series of(what’s called my trade) reparative read-

Q&A

N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E A A S H I S T O R Y C O M M I T T E EEXPLORER 2

De WittDouglasKilgoreHometown:St. Louis, MO.

Resides in:Bloomington, IN

Education:WashingtonUniversity, B.A.,Architecture;BrownUniversity, A.M.,Ph.D., AmericanCivilization

De Witt Douglas Kilgore is the newest member of the AAS History Committee. Kilgore is anassociate professor of English at Indiana University and is the author of “Astrofuturism:Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in Space” (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003). Heis currently writing the book, “New Life, New Civilizations: The Cultural Grounding of theAmerican Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.”

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It is through science writing and

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ings of the fiction and non-fictionthat represents SETI as not onlygood science but also a projectthat brings social and politicalgood. By juxtaposing the work ofwriter-participants such as CarlSagan and Frank Drake withwriter-observers such as WalterSullivan and James Gunn I hope toreveal some of the limits andpotentials (and excitement) thatcomes from introducing new ideas(or, at least, new ways of seeingold ideas pacé Steven Dick) intothe cultural mainstream.

How did you get interestedin space history?

I suspect that the way spacecame into my life is in no wayremarkable. I am part of thatgeneration for whom real and aswell as fantastic stories of spacetravel was part of everyday life.Growing up in the 1960s I couldwatch Star Trek as well as Apollomoonwalks on television. I canremember identifying with WillRobinson, the precocious pre-teenon Lost in Space, spending week-end filling notebooks with draw-ings of robots and spaceships, andmaking my Major Matt Masonaction figure (never a doll) zoomaround the living room.

By the time I got to graduateschool the Apollo program was adistant memory and I was lookingfor a dissertation topic. My firsttopic, a history of futurism in vari-ous disciplines, was too broad topass muster. In desperation I

wandered through BrownUniversity’s Science Library, look-ing for something inspirational.That’s where I found severalshelves full of monographs cover-ing the history of America’s spaceprogram; many of them authoredor edited by Eugene Emme. Anafternoon of reading and I washooked. Here was an area in thehistory of science and technologythat would keep me interested andproductive over the long haul. Iwouldn’t call what I do spacehistory in the classic sense but Iwonder where I would be withoutit.

What are your favoritespace-related books, moviesand Web sites?

Books: James Blish, A Case ofConscience; James Gunn, TheListeners; and David Grinspoon,Lonely Planets: the natural philos-ophy of alien life. Movies:Destination Moon (1950), 2001: ASpace Odyssey (1968), Die Frau imMond (1929), and Apollo 13 (1995).Web sites: The SETI Institute,The Planetary Society and NASA.

Besides the first pilotedlunar landing, what do youthink was the mostmemorable moment inspace history and why?

The event that most immedi-ately pops into mind is theChallenger tragedy. Since thedisaster was a shared nationaltrauma there’s not much I can sayabout why that would be startling-ly new. However, it is one of

those moments – like the JFKassassination – that lingers inmemory: you remember whereyou where and how it struck you.And because of Ronald McNair I,as an African American, felt forthe first time an investment thatwas more communal than person-al.

What else would you like toshare with us?

Is enjoying what you doagainst the law? If it is, don’t tellme.

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Volume 27 in the AAS History Series is now available from Univelt, Inc,which includes proceedings of the 32nd History Symposium of the InternationalAcademy of Astronautics (IAA) held in Melbourne, Australia in 1998. Paperspresented at the symposium that appear in the book are listed below:

2001: A Space Odyssey – VisionVersus Reality at 30, by Frederick I.Ordway III

French Space Biological ExperimentsWith Animals Before 1968, byClaude-Alexandre Timsit, GerardChatelier and Herve Moulin

25 Years of Space at Surrey:Pioneering Modern Microsatellites,by M. N. Sweeting

The Contribution of Fridrikh Tsander:A Memoir, by Marsha Freeman

Australia in Space: Then and Now, byJos Heyman

The Australian Rocket Societies:Rocketry Pioneers or Rocket MailSideshows?, by Kerrie Dougherty

An Overview of French AstronauticalActivities in the 1930s, byChristophe Rothmund

The Conquest of the Moon 1958-1969:The Race Between the SovietUnion and the United States ofAmerica, by Jacques Villain

Forty Years of NASA – AustralianCooperation, by Miriam Baltuck,Dennis Cooper, Peter Holland andGraham Harris.

Conservation of the German WWIIRocket Collection at the AerospaceMuseum, Cosford, England, by A.McLean, C. Davies, S. Fairbrass, J.Becklake and A. Hall Patch.

RAND and North AmericanAviation’s Aerophysics Laboratory:An Early Interaction in Missiles andSpace, by Bruno W. Augenstein

French-U.S. Space ResearchCooperation in the Early 1960s, byHerve Moulin

Festival Rockets in Thailand, Laos,Japan, and China: A Case Study ofEarly Technology Transfer – Part 1,by Frank H. Winter and AkiraKubozono

OHKA: Japanese World War IIRocket-Propelled Attack Glider, byYasunori Matogawa

VE 111 Topaze: The First FrenchInertial Rocket, by Philippe Jung

A Technical Re-Appraisal of BlackArrow, by Christopher MarkHempsell and Alan Bond

The Ranger Project, by Otfrid G.Liepack

Solid Propellant Rockets in the SovietUnion, by Christian Lardier

The American Astronautical SocietyHistory Committee, first under the lead-ership of Eugene M. Emme, NASA histo-rian, established the AAS History Seriesof books in 1977 to dedicate the contin-ued pursuit and broader appreciation ofthe full history of flight in Americanhistory and its global influence.

Volume 27History of Rocketryand Astronautics

Edited by KerrieDougherty and Donald C.Elder, 2007, 416p

Hard Cover $95 (ISBN 978-0-87703-535-0)Soft Cover $70 (ISBN 978-0-87703-536-7)

This book and others inthe AAS History Series(see next page) may bepurchased directly fromUnivelt, Inc. Call 760-746-4005 or fax760-746-3139 to place anorder. Or write to: Univelt, Inc.,P.O. Box 28130, San Diego,California 92198; or e-mail:sales@univelt.com

Univelt releases new volumein long-standing history series

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PREVIOUS VOLUMES

Vol. 1 Two Hundred Years of Flight in America: A Bicentennial Survey, 1977,326p, 1981, Hard $35; Soft $25.

Vol. 2 Twenty-Five Years of the American Astronautical Society: HistoricalReflections and Projections, 1954-1979, 1980, 248p, Hard $25; Soft $15.

Vol. 3 Between Sputnik and the Shuttle: New Perspectives on AmericanAstronautics, 1957-1980, 1981, 350p, Hard $40; Soft $30.

Vol. 4 The Endless Space Frontier: A History of the House Committee on Scienceand Astronautics, 1982, 460p, Hard $45.

Vol. 5 Science Fiction and Space Futures: Past and Present, 1982, 278p, Hard $35; Soft $25.Vol. 6 First Steps Toward Space, 1986, 318p, Hard $45; Soft $35. Vol. 7 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1986, Part I, 250p, Part II, 502p,

sold as a set, Hard $100; Soft $80. Vol. 8 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1989, 368p, Hard $50; Soft $35. Vol. 9 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1989, 330p, Hard $50; Soft $35.Vol. 10 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1990, 330p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 11 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1994, 236p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 12 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1991, 252p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 13 History of Liquid Rocket Engine Development in the United States 1955-

1980, 1992, 176p, Out of Print.Vol. 14 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1993, 222p, Hard $50; Soft $35.Vol. 15 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1993, 452p, Hard $60; Soft $40.Vol. 16 Out From Behind the Eight-Ball: A History of Project Echo, 1995, 176p,

Hard $50; Soft $30. Vol. 17 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1995, 480p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 18 Organizing for the Use of Space: Historical Perspectives on a Persistent

Issue, 1995, 234p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 19 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 318p, Hard $60; Soft $40. Vol. 20 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 344p, Hard $60; Soft $40.Vol. 21 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1997, 368p, Hard $60; Soft $40.Vol. 22 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 1998, 418p, Hard $60; Soft $40.Vol. 23 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2001, 566p, Hard $85; Soft $60Vol. 24 The Origins And Technology Of The Advanced Extra-Vehicular Space

Suit, 2001, 558p, Hard $85; Soft $60.Vol. 25 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2003, 370p, Hard $85; Soft $60.Vol. 26 History of Rocketry and Astronautics, 2005, 430p, Hard $95; Soft $70.

DiscountsA 50-percent discount offlist prices for all AASHistory Series volumes isavailable for individualmembers of the:n American AstronauticalSociety History committeen International Academy ofAstronautics History StudyGroupn Authors for books inwhich their articles appear

A 25-percent discount offlist prices for all AASHistory Series volumes isavailable for individualmembers of the AAS, AIAA, AAAF and:n The BritishInterplanetary Society n The DeutscheGesellschaft für Luft undRaumfahrtn The National SpaceSocietyn The Space StudiesInstituten The U.S. SpaceFoundationn The Planetary Societyn Individual members ofany IAF Society may takethe same discount.

For more information about the AAS History Series, visit Univelt’s Web site.

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Katie J. Berryhill | kberryhill@calacademy.org+Nothing to report.

Matthew Bille | bille_matt@bah.com +I am still an associate with the global consulting

firm Booz Allen Hamilton. Booz Allen has supportedmy work on space projects, including funding a trip topresent the paper “Microspacecraft and the Vision forSpace Exploration” in August at the Conference onSmall Satellites. I am working, as time permits, on acollection of U.S. military space exploits, tentativelytitled “Higher Ground,” and exploring book ideas tofollow after that.

Published works (since 2000) include:

“Test and Evaluation: The Role of Microspacecraft,”ITEA Space & Missile Test & Evaluation Symposium,Colorado Springs, Colo., September 2006.

“Microspacecraft and the Vision for SpaceExploration,” AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites,Logan, Utah, August 2006.

Shadows of Existence: Discoveries and Speculations inZoology, Hancock House (Summer 2006)

James Busby | apollo.busby@yahoo.net +See Page 2: “Report from former NASA site No. 19.”

Timothy M. Chamberlin | TMCspace@aol.com +I continue to serve as editor of the “Human

Spaceflight” area for the Space Exploration andHumanity encyclopedia project. I attended the secondX-Prize Cup in October in Las Cruces, N.M., and waspleased to see a series of well-illustrated, giganticspace history posters on display as visitors walkedfrom the Las Cruces International Airport entrance tothe main rocket launch viewing area. The posters wereviewed by thousands of local elementary and middleschool students who made an afternoon field trip tothe event.

Michael L. Ciancone | michael.l.ciancone@nasa.gov +

Published works (since 2000) include:

with D. M. Rubagotti, “Luigi Gussalli – ItalianSpaceflight Visionary” presented during World SpaceCongress (2002)

with A. Lasser, “David Lasser – An AmericanSpaceflight Pioneer” presented during World SpaceCongress (2002)

Stephen E. Doyle | sedoyle@cleanenergysystems.com+Nothing to report.

Donald C. Elder | donald.elder@enmu.edu+See Pages 12-13: AAS History Series

Published works (since 2000) include:

History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 27,(American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2007).Co-edited with Kerrie Dougherty.

History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 26,(American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2005).Co-edited with George S. James.

History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 25,(American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2003).Co-edited with Hervé Moulin.

History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Vol. 23,(American Astronautical Society Press: San Diego (2001).Co-edited with Christophe Rothmund.

R. Cargill Hall | overflight@comcast.net +

Published works (since 2000) include:

“National Space Policy and its Interaction with the U.S.Military Space Program,” George C. Marshall Institute,Washington, D.C. (2006)

“The Truth About Overflights,” in Robert Cowley, ed.,The Cold War, A Military History. New York: Random House,Inc. (2005)

“Clandestine Victory: Eisenhower and OverheadReconnaissance in the Cold War,” in Dennis E. Showalter,ed., Forging the Shield, Eisenhower and National securityfor the 21st Century (Chicago: Imprint Publications (2005)

“The NRO in the 21st Century,” Quest: The History ofSpaceflight Quarterly, 11:3 (2004)

“Richard K. Smith: An Appreciation,” with DavidRosenberg, Air Power History, Summer 2004.

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“The 14 April 1956 Overflight of Noril’sk, U.S.S.R.” Officeof the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office, August2003.

“John L. McLucas, An Appreciation,” Office of theHistorian, National Reconnaissance Office, January 2003.

Ed., with Clayton Laurie, Early Cold War Overflights,1950-1956: Symposium Proceedings, 2 Volumes,(Washington, D. C.: National Reconnaissance Office, 2003).

“Early Years at the NRO: Interagency Dynamics andOrganizational Myths,” (CIA) Studies in Intelligence, 46:2(June 2002).

“A History of the Military Polar Orbiting MeteorologicalSatellite Program,” Quest: The History of SpaceflightQuarterly, 9:2 (2002).

“SAMOS to the Moon: the Clandestine Transfer ofReconnaissance Technology Between Federal Agencies,”Office of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office,October 2001.

“The NRO at Forty: Ensuring Global InformationSupremacy,” Office of the Historian, NationalReconnaissance Office, July 2000.

“National Space and Defense Policies: Can They beUncoupled?” Space Times, 39:1 (May/June 2000).

Robert Jacobs | RobertHJacobs@univelt.com +Nothing to report.

Dr. Stephen B. Johnson | sjohns22@uccs.edu +I have been spending most of my time doing either

engineering work for the Constellation Program, andcontinuing the general editing of the space historyencyclopedia project. I also gave a talk on “ThePolitical Economy of Spaceflight” at the SocietalImpact of Spaceflight Conference and the Society forthe History of Technology conference in the fall, andam continuing to work on the final paper for the publi-cation that will result from the conference.

Published works (since 2000) include:

“The History and Historiography of National SecuritySpace,” in Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius, eds.,Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight, SP-2006-4702(Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2006), pp. 481-548.

“Introduction to Integrated System Health Engineeringand Management,” for the First International Forum onIntegrated System Health Engineering and Management,Napa, California, November 2005.

“Launch Vehicles and the Development of SystemsEngineering,” Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly11:1 (2004): 40-50.

“Systems Integration and the Social Solution ofTechnical Problems in Complex Systems,” in AndreaPrencipe, Andrew Davies, and Mike Hobday, eds., TheBusiness of Systems Integration, (Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2003), pp. 35-55.

“Creating Managerial Institutions and Processes forComputing and Aerospace R&D,” Journal of IndustrialHistory 5:2 (2002): 21-49.

The Secret of Apollo: Systems Management inAmerican and European Space Programs (Baltimore: JohnsHopkins University Press, 2002).

The United States Air Force and the Culture ofInnovation, 1945-1965 (Washington, D.C.: Air Force Historyand Museums Program, 2002).

Dr. De Witt Douglas Kilgore | dkilgore@indiana.edu +I’ve been elected as an “editorial consultant” to

Science-Fiction Studies, the premier academic journal inthe field. You can find my name on the masthead at:http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/masthead.htm.

James R. Kirkpatrick | jkirkpatrick@astronautical.org +Nothing to report.

Dr. Roger D. Launius | launiusr@si.edu +I delivered on Nov. 1 “National Security Space and

the Course of Recent U.S. History,” as the HarmonMemorial Lecture at the U.S. Air Force Academy’s 21stMilitary History Symposium. The Harmon MemorialLecture is the oldest and most distinguished seriessponsored by the Air Force Academy, and one of thenation’s leading annual lectures in military history andthe history of military technology.

I have also published “Interpreting the MoonLandings: Project Apollo and the Historians,”Technology in Society 22 (September 2006): 225-55,which focuses on the key book-length studies of theApollo program that landed American astronauts onthe Moon in the 1960s and 1970s and evaluates thehistoriography about Apollo.

Additionally, I published with Richard H.

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Buenneke, Richard DalBello, and R. Cargill Hall amonograph entitled National Space Policy: Does itMatter? (Washington, DC: The George MarshallInstitute, 2006). This is the result of a roundtablediscussion that took place at the National Press Club,Washington, D.C., on May 12, 2006, and is available on-line at http://www.marshall.org/article.php?id=439.

I also published, “Assessing the Legacy of theSpace Shuttle,” Space Policy 22 (November 2006): 226-34. This essay reviews the core legacies of the SpaceShuttle program after 25 years and suggests that whileit was not an unadulterated success on balance theshuttle served a valuable role in the development ofspace flight and deserves an overall positive assess-ment in history.

I should also mention that Howard McCurdy(professor of public affairs in the public administrationand policy department at American University inWashington, D.C.) and I have forthcoming from theJohns Hopkins University Press in 2007 a book enti-tled, Robots and Humans in Space Flight: Technology,Evolution, and Interplanetary Travel. This studyexplores the history and possible futures forhuman/robotic space flight.

Published works (since 2000) include:

Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in theHistory of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume VI: Spaceand Earth Science. Washington, DC: NASA SP-2004-4007,2004. Edited with John M. Logsdon, General Editor, StephenJ. Garber, and Ray A. Williamson.

National Space Policy: Does it Matter? Washington,DC: The George Marshall Institute, 2006. With Richard H.Buenneke, Richard DalBello, and R. Cargill Hall.

Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight.Washington, DC: NASA SP-2006-4702, 2006. Edited withSteven J. Dick.

Flight: A Celebration of 100 Years in Art and Literature(New York: Welcome Books, 2003). Co-edited with AnnCollins Goodyear, Anthony M. Springer, and Bertram Ulrich.

Taking Off: A Century of Manned Flight (Reston, VA:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003).Co-edited with Jonathan Coopersmith.

Space Stations: Base Camps to the Stars (Washington,DC: Smithsonian Books, 2003). Recipient of the 2003 AIAAHistory Manuscript Award.

Frontiers of Space Exploration, “Critical Events in theTwentieth Century” series (Westport, CT: GreenwoodPress, 1998), Second Edition, 2003.

To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S LaunchVehicles (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002).Co-edited with Dennis R. Jenkins.

Imagining Space: Achievements, Possibilities,Projections, 1950-2050 (San Francisco: Chronicle Books,2001), with Howard E. McCurdy.

Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in theHistory of the U.S. Civil Space Program, Volume V:Exploring the Cosmos (Washington, DC: NASA SP 2001-4407, 2001). Edited with John M. Logsdon, General Editor,and Amy Paige Snyder, Stephen J. Garber, and Regan AnneNewport.

Reconsidering Sputnik: Forty Years Since the SovietSatellite (Amsterdam, The Netherlands: HarwoodAcademic, 2000). Edited with John M. Logsdon and RobertW. Smith.

Gideon Marcus | fagin@ear thlink.net +Nothing to report.

Dr. Trevor C. Sorenson | tsorensen@ku.edu +After nearly seven years in the Aerospace

Engineering Department at the University of Kansas, Iam leaving in mid-May to start my new job as a fullspecialist professor at the University of Hawaii atManoa (Honolulu). I will be the project manager for anew 150-kg microsatellite called STU-1, which is part ofthe Leonidas Program of the Hawaii Space FlightLaboratory. STU-1 is due to be launched into low Earthorbit from Kauai in 2009. One of my colleagues at UHwill be Dr. Paul Lucey, who was on the Clementinescience team. The university is encouraging my contin-ued participation in the various committees of which Iam a member.

Dr. Rick W. Sturdevant | Rick.Sturdevant@Peterson.af.mil +In addition to fulfilling my normal responsibilities

as deputy director of the Air Force Space CommandOffice of History, I continued as editor of the “MilitaryApplications” area for the Space Exploration andHumanity encyclopedia project and as a member of theAAS Emme Award Selection Committee.

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In September, I delivered the presentation “NAVS-TAR, the Global Positioning System: A Sampling of ItsMilitary, Civil, and Commercial Impact” at the SocietalImpact of Spaceflight Conference, sponsored by theNASA History Office and National Air and SpaceMuseum at Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C.

During October, I attended the USAF History andMuseums Program Worldwide Conference at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.

At the beginning of November, I presented a papertitled “Giving Voice to Global Reach, Global Power:Satellite Communications in U.S. Military Affairs, 1966-2006” at the 21st Military History Symposium —“Harnessing the Heavens: National Defense ThroughSpace,” sponsored by the Department of History at theUSAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Twoweeks later, I attended the AAS national conference inPasadena, California.

Published works (since 2000) include:

Reviews of three books: Mark Erickson, Into theUnknown Together: The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight(2005) in Air Power History 53, no. 4 (Winter 2006), 49; BobWard, Dr. Space: The Life of Wernher von Braun (2005) inAir Power History 53, no. 3 (Fall 2006), 58; Clayton K. S.Chun, Thunder over the Horizon: From V-2 Rockets toBallistic Missiles (2006) in High Frontier: The Journal forSpace & Missile Professionals 2, no. 4 (August 2006), 66.

“Report on the AAS National Conference and 52ndAnnual Meeting—‘Building Bridges to Exploration: The Roleof the International Space Station,’” Space Times 45, no. 1(January-February 2006), 14-20.

“General Bernard Schriever on Space Superiority,”High Frontier: The Journal for Space & MissileProfessionals 1, no. 3 (Winter 2005), 7-8.

“Global Positioning System (GPS),” “Radar, Long-RangeEarly Warning Systems,” “Satellites, Communications,” and“Sonar,” in Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology, ColinA. Hempstead and William E. Worthington, Jr., eds. (NewYork: Routledge, 2005), vol. 1, 386-389; vol. 2, 628-632, 689-692, 725-729.

“Report on the AAS 51st National Conference—‘Transformation and Vision for Space: NASA’s Partnershipwith Industry and Government,’” Space Times 44, no. 1(January-February 2005), 15-18.

with John H. Darrah and Forrest McCartney, “SpaceFlight: Long-Range Missiles, Rocket Planes, and Lifting

Bodies” in Alexander H. Levis, ed., The Limitless Sky: AirForce Science and Technology Contributions to the Nation(Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program,2004), 147-174, 251.

with Harry L. Van Trees, Harry D. Raduege, and RonaldE. Thompson, “Military Satellite Communications: FromConcept to Reality” in Alexander H. Levis, ed., TheLimitless Sky: Air Force Science and TechnologyContributions to the Nation (Washington, DC: Air ForceHistory and Museums Program, 2004), 175-209.

“Titan II—Historical Overview,” High Frontier: TheJournal for Space & Missile Professionals 1, no. 2 (Fall2004), 14-15.

“Report on the AAS 50th Annual Meeting,” SpaceTimes 43, no. 2 (March-April 2004), 15-18.

“Report on the AAS 49th National Conference—‘Technologies and Partnerships: Innovations for SpaceExploration,’” Space Times 42, no. 2 (March-April 2003), 9-14.

with David N. Spires, “Epilogue: ‘To the Very Limit ofOur Ability’—Reflections on Forty Years of Military-CivilPartnership in Space Launch” in Roger D. Launius andDennis R. Jenkins, eds., To Reach the High Frontier: AHistory of U.S. Launch Vehicles (Lexington, Kentucky:University Press of Kentucky Press, 2002), pp. 470-501.

“Defense Support Program (DSP) and MissileDetection,” “NAVSTAR Global Positioning System,” and“Satellites” in Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia,Walter J. Boyne, ed. (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO,2002), vol. 1, 170-172; vol. 2, 446-447, 554-557.

“Report on the AAS 48th National Conference—‘Exploring the Solar System and Neighboring PlanetarySystems,’” Space Times 41, no. 2 (March-April 2002), 10-15.

“Report on the AAS 47th Annual Meeting—‘Preparingthe Way for International Human Exploration of Space,’”Space Times 40, no. 2 (March-April 2001), 10-15.

“The Satellite—From Definite Possibility to AbsoluteNecessity: Five Decades of Technological Change,” inRebecca H. Cameron and Barbara Wittig, eds., GoldenLegacy, Boundless Future: Essays on the United States AirForce and the Rise of Aerospace Power (Washington, DC:Air Force History and Museums Program, 2000), 311-326.

“Mapping a Course for Solar System Exploration—AReport on the AAS 46th Annual Meeting,” Space Times 39,no. 1 (January-February 2000), pp. 8-13.

Frank H. Winter | frank.winter@nasm.si.edu +

Published works (since 2000) include:

“Robert H. Goddard’s Liquid Oxygen Flask and Carrier –

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1920s,” pp. 14-15; “Liquid Oxygen Can and Protective Helmet,American Rocket Society – 1930s,” pp. 18-19; “Goddard 1935Series A Rocket – 1935,” p. 21; “Goodyear Three-StageMETEOR Jr. Spacecraft Model – Mid 1950s,” pp. 28-29; “NavahoMissile Rocket Engine – Late 1950s,” pp. 30-31; “Bell RocketBelt No. 2 – Late 1950s,” pp. 32-33; “Redstone Missile – Late1950s-early 1960s,” pp. 54-55; “Missile Mobile – 1958,” p. 56;“The Agena-B – 1966,” pp. 62-63; “F-1 Rocket Engine – 1966,”pp. 114-115; “The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) – 1980s-1990s,” pp. 192-193; “Pegasus XL Launch Vehicle – 2004,” pp.18-19; in Dr. Martin Collins, ed., After Sputnik – 50 Years of theSpace Age (Smithsonian Books in association with HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.: New York, 2007)

with Akira Kubozono, “Festival Rockets in Thailand, Laos,Japan, and China: A Case Study of Early Technology Transfer— Part 1,” in Kerrie Dougherty, ed, History of Rocketry andAstronautics, AAS History Series, Vol. 27 (Published for theAmerican Astronautical Society by Univelt, San Diego, 2007),pp. 213-269.

“The Birth and Rise of `Astronautics’: The REP-HirschAstronautical Prize 1928-1940,” Quest, Vol. 14, No. 1 [Jan.]2007, pp. 36-43.

with Dominck A. Pisano and F. Robert van der Linden,Chuck Yeager and the Bell X-1 Breaking the Sound Barrier(Harry N. Abrams, Inc.: New York, 2006)

“Rocketdyne — A Giant Pioneer in Rocket technology:The Earliest Years, 1945-1955,” in Donald C. Elder and GeorgeS. James, eds., History of Rocketry and Astronautics –Proceedings of the Thirty-First History Symposium of theInternational Congress of Astronautics, AAS History Series,Vol. 26 (Published for the American Astronautical Society byUnivelt, San Diego, 2005), pp. 65-93.

“Rocket Propulsion, Liquid Propellant,” in Colin A.Hempstead, Ed., Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology(Routledge: New York and London, 2005), pp. 683-685.

Winter, Frank and Robert F. van der Linden, 100 Years ofFlight A Chronicle of Aerospace History 1903-2003, (AmericanInstitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.: Reston,Va.,2003, 2004.)

“The ‘Trip to the Moon’ and Other Early SpaceflightSimulation Shows ca. 1901-1915: Part 2,” in Hervé Moulin andDonald C. Elder, eds., History of Rocketry and Astronautics,AAS History Series, Vol. 25 (published for the AmericanAstronautical Society by Univelt, Inc.: San Diego, 2003), pp. 3-28.

“Gunpowder and Rocketry,” in David Levinson, GeneralEditor, Encyclopedia of Modern Asia (Scribners: New York,2002).

“Romick’s Radical Rockets,” Timeline (Ohio HistoricalSociety, Columbus Ohio) 19, No. 2 (March/April 2002), pp. 40-53.

“The ‘Trip to the Moon’ and Other Early Spaceflight

Simulation Shows, ca. 1901-1915 Part I,” in Donald C. Elderand Christophe Rothmund, eds., History of Rocketry andSpaceflight, AAS History Series, Vol. 23, IAA HistorySymposia, Vol. 15 (published for the American AstronauticalSociety by Univelt, Inc.: San Diego,California, 2001), pp. 133-161.

“Goddard’s Meteor Mania,” The Griffith Observer (LosAngeles) October 2000, pp. 2-17.

“The Enigmatic Mr. Hale and His Rockets,” Journal of theBritish Interplanetary Society 53, no. 5/6 (May-June 2000), pp.153-62.

“Preliminary Investigations of the Rockets in the WaterSplashing Festival in Yunnan, China, and Its Connection withBang Fai and Ryusei Rocket,” Proceedings of The 2ndInternational Ryusei Rocket Symposium – June 3, 2000 [partof the 22nd International Symposium on Space Technologyand Science (ISTS), Marioka and Tohno City, IwatePrefecture, Japan, 28 May-4 June 2000] (22nd ISTS OrganizingCommittee and the 22nd ISTS Executive Committee of IwatePrefecture, [Tohno, Iwate, Prefecture, Japan 2000], pp. 3-30.

with Frank R. van der Linden, “Out of the Past,” monthly(since Sept. 1972), in Aerospace America.

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MICHAEL L. CIANCONE,CHAIRNASA Johnson Space CenterHouston, TX281-483-8848michael.l.ciancone@nasa.gov

JAMES R. KIRKPATRICK(Ex Officio)Executive Director American Astronautical SocietySpringfield, VA 703-866-0020jkirkpatrick@astronautical.org

KATIE J. BERRYHILLAmerican Public UniversitySystemBenicia, CA707-745-1405kberryhill@calacademy.org

MATTHEW BILLEBooz Allen HamiltonColorado Springs, CO719-387-2062719-648-4121 (cell)bille_matt@bah.com

JAMES BUSBYMojave, CA310-464-7445apollo.busby@yahoo.com

TIMOTHY M. CHAMBERLINColumbia, SC803-338-0514TMCspace@aol.com

DR. STEVEN J. DICKNASA History OfficeNASA HeadquartersWashington, DC202-358-0383Steven.j.dick@nasa.gov

STEPHEN E. DOYLEShingle Springs, CA916-761-3783sedoyle@foothill.net

DR. DONALD C. ELDERHistory DepartmentEastern New Mexico UniversityPortales, NM505-562-2438505-562-2601 (direct)donald.elder@enmu.edu

R. CARGILL HALLWoodbridge, VA703-497-4322overflight@comcast.net

ROBERT JACOBSUnivelt IncorporatedSan Diego, CA 760-746-4005RobertHJacobs@univelt.com

DR. STEPHEN B. JOHNSONInstitute for Science and SpaceStudiesUniversity of Colorado at ColoradoSpringsLarkspur, CO719-487-9833 (home office)719-238-8244 (cell)sjohns22@uccs.edu

DR. DE WITT DOUGLASKILGOREBloomington, INdkilgore@indiana.edu

DR. ROGER D. LAUNIUSDivision of Space HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC202-633-2428launiusr@si.edu

GIDEON MARCUSVista, CA 760-630-6849fagin@earthlink.net

DR. TREVOR C. SORENSENDepartment of AerospaceEngineeringKansas UniversityLawrence, KS785-864-2974tsorensen@ku.edu

KATHERINE SCOTTSTURDEVANTChair of HistoryCommunication, Humanities, andTechnical Studies Division Rampart Range Campus of PikesPeak Community CollegeColorado Springs, CO719-502-3146 Katherine.Sturdevant@ppcc.edu

DR. RICK W. STURDEVANTDeputy Command HistorianAir Force Space CommandAFSPC/HOPeterson AFB, CO719-554-3081Rick.Sturdevant@Peterson.af.mil

FRANK H. WINTERDepartment of Space HistoryNational Air and Space MuseumSmithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC202-633-2421frank.winter@nasm.si.edu

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1957

50th anniversary of spaceflight

lookingbackUnique moments in the history of rocketry and astronautics

< June 3 issueA Naval ResearchLaboratory technicianexamines the silverycoating of a partly-finished satellite shell.

Oct. 21 issueScientists working at M.I.T. in Cambridge, Mass., try tocalculate the orbit of Sputnik 1. J. Allen Hynek (top), FredL. Whipple (left), and Don Lautman are pictured.

< Sept. 2issue From the edgeof space: MajorDavid Simonstakes his ownportrait as hereaches an alti-tude of 100,000feet in a high-altitude balloonas part of ProjectMan High.

< Nov. 18 issueWernher von Braun standsbeside a model of amoon rocket hedesigned for Disney.

<

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Walter M. “Wally” Schirra Jr.,one of NASA’s original MercurySeven astronauts, died Thursday,May 3, of a heart attack. He was 84.

Known for flying “textbook”missions and having a prodigioussense of humor, Schirra was the onlyastronaut to fly into space duringMercury, Gemini and Apollo, the firstthree manned U.S. spaceflightprograms. While Schirra neverwalked on the Moon, he played apivotal role helping NASA get there.

Schirra piloted the fifth Mercuryflight, Sigma 7, on Oct. 3, 1962, whenthe United States and former SovietUnion were in a tense political strug-gle to gain technological superiorityover one another. While the rivalrybetween both superpowers intensi-fied, Schirra commanded Gemini 6,the first rendezvous of two mannedmaneuverable spacecraft. Launched inDecember 1965, Schirra and co-pilotTom Stafford steered their spacecraftto within a few inches of Gemini 7.The historic mission was instrumentalin perfecting orbital rendezvousprocedures, which ultimately allowedastronauts to land on the Moon andreturn to Earth.

Schirra also commanded Apollo 7,a 1968 mission that put NASA back ontrack to reach the Moon after theApollo 1 fire — a tragedy that claimedthe lives of astronauts Gus Grissom,Ed White and Roger Chaffee, andhalted U.S. piloted spaceflights fornearly two years.

Schirra logged a total of 295hours and 15 minutes in space.

— Tim Chamberlin

Walter Schirra, one of the original Mercury 7

ã O B I T U A R Y

NASA

Astronaut Walter M. Schirra, Jr., looks out a window on the ninth day of the Apollo 7Earth orbital mission in the fall of 1968.

On the horizon

AAS history series expandingSeveral new volumes are planned for the AASHistory Series. Look for an updated list in the nextissue.

What the AAS History Committee has in the worksfor its summer newsletter

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participants and planners — these areparticularly critical as the passing yearswhittles away at the roster. Althoughmemoirs do not always withstand therigor of academic scrutiny, theynonetheless provide color commentaryand are important additions for theunique perspective they provide.

In an attempt to get my literary armsaround what has already been publishedon Sputnik, I compiled a short readinglist of books (sorted chronologically bydate of publication), ranging from juve-nile literature to scholarly research to“pop” pieces intended for the generalaudience. I invite your comments orupdates to the list:n Bergaust & Beller, Satellite! (1956) n Moore, Earth Satellites (1956) n Lewellen, The Earth Satellite: Man’sFirst True Space Adventure (1957)n Sternfeld, Soviet Writings on EarthSatellites and Space Travel (1958) n Vassiliev, Sputnik into Space (1958) n Gilzin, Sputniks and After: The SovietAccount of Travel in Space (1959) n Kurnosova (ed.), Artificial Earth

Satellites, Vol. 1 (1960)n Gurney & Gurney, The Launching ofSputnik (1975)n Killian, Sputnik, Scientists andEisenhower: A Memoir of the First SpecialAssistant to the President for Science andTechnology (1977)n Divine, The Sputnik Challenge:Eisenhower's Response to the SovietSatellite (1993)n Harford, Korolev: How One ManMasterminded the Soviet Drive to BeatAmerica to the Moon (1997)n Launius et al (eds.), ReconsideringSputnik: Forty Years Since the SovietSatellite (2000)n Dickson, Sputnik: Shock of the Century(2001)n Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet SpaceChallenge (2003). n Bille & Lishock, The First Space Race:Launching the First Earth Satellites(2004)n Chertok, Rockets and People: Creatinga Rocket Industry, Volume II (2006)

In the meantime, plans are under-way for the AAS National Meeting inHouston in November. I hope to seey’all then!

— Mike Ciancone

Special noteThe NASA History News and Notesnewsletter is available online at:http://history.nasa.gov/nltrc.pdf

Previous editions of the NASA HistoryNews and Notes newsletter areavailable in pdf and html format at:http://history.nasa.gov/histnews.htm

American AstronauticalSociety

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¬Network, not just an organization.

¬Space professionals, technical andnon-technical.

Dedicated to advancingall space activities

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Email: aas@astronautical.org

Phone: 703-866-0020 | 703-866-3526

The American Astronautical Society’sHistory Committee publishes Explorerquarterly. To receive Explorer via e-mail,send a message to:michael.l.ciancone@nasa.gov. You willreceive confirmation that your e-mailaddress has been added to the AASHistory Committee’s electronic e-maillist for the newsletter.

The latest issue of this newsletter isavailable at the American AstronauticalSociety’s Web site. Please visit:www.astronautical.org/AASexplorer.pdf

Tim Chamberlin is editor and designerof Explorer. We welcome commentsabout the content and format of thisnewsletter. Send comments to:TMCspace@aol.com.

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