Looking to the 21st Century

Passage A

Time is to slow for those who wait,Too swift for those who fear,Too long for those who grieve,Too short for those who rejoice,But for those who love,Time is eternity.

What are your impressions of the poem when you are looking forward to the 21st century?

Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions

1.Who or what determines our future?

We ourselves or our actions determine our future.

Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions

2.Do computers play a very important role in the 21st century? Why?

Yes. Computers function in many ways, such as diagnosis and treatment, driving the cars, connections in resources, home life and shopping, etc.

Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions Pre-reading Pre-reading Questions Questions

3.What will be more important to the success of a business?

Information and specialists will be more important to the success of a business.

Text Structure

General statement

Supporting Details

(Para.5~35) The writer talks about future changes on many sides, including your brain, your doctor, your car, the computer-home, the workplace, the environment and your health.

(Para.1~4 )The future does not determine itself. Theactions of the present determine the future.

Revision of online learningRevision of online learning

1. --- that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. (line 6)

impose on (upon): force on; place on

父母不应当把自己的爱好强加给孩子。

1) Parents should not impose their own tastes on their children.

2) The UN imposed economic sanction upon Iraq.

联合国对伊拉克实行经济制裁。

3) 己所不欲 ,勿施与人 .Don’t impose what you don’t want to do on others.

2. Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. (line 13)

volunteer: n. a person who offers to do something without being forced v. offer one’s services or help without payment or reward

1) 青年志愿者被鼓励到农村去帮助农民。 The young volunteers are encouraged to go to the country to help farmers.

2) 她自告奋勇地带我们参观校园 .

She volunteered to show us around the school campus.

2. Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. (line 13)

voluntary: adj. acting or done willingly, without payment and without being forced

1) He made a voluntary statement to the police.他主动向警方提供口供

2) He made the promise quite voluntarily; I didn’t force him to.

他自己答应的 , 我并没有强迫他 .

2. Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems. (line 13)

work on (upon): have (something) as the subject of thought or effort

1) Scientists are working on killing the AIDS virus.

科学家在努力探索消灭艾滋病病毒。

2) He has been working on improving the water bicycle that he designed. 他一直在想方设法改进他设计的水上自行车。

3. Frequent computer analysis could tell whether workers, like air traffic controllers, are seeing all activity clearly enough to monitor it properly. (line 16)

enough ： adj. / adv. 作为修饰词有不同的位置。同时还有“be …enough to do” 的结构。

修饰名词可前后； 用作副词要放后（修饰形容词或副词） ; 后面还可加 to do ； 用作名词意足够。

“enough” 用法的巧学妙记： “enough” 用法的巧学妙记：

1)在六个月结束时，她已经学了足够的生词来读英文报纸了。 (修饰名词 )At the end of six months she had learned enough new words to read newspapers in English.

2) 教室里有足够的座位让所有学生都坐下。 ( 修饰名词 )There are enough seats (seats enough) in the classroom for allthe students.

3) 大学生的年龄已经足以对他们的行为负责了。 ( 修饰形容词 )College students are old enough to be responsible for their action.

4) 冠军的确跑得相当快 , 不过要是她再努力一些 , 就会再次创造一个世界记录。 ( 修饰副词 )

The champion ran well enough but she would have set another world record if she had tried harder.

4. Frequent computer analysis could tell whether workers, like air traffic controllers, are seeing all activity clearly enough to monitor it properly. (line 16)

monitor: v. watch for a period of time for a special purpose

Please complete the following sentences.

1) They could make a judgment by （监测乘客的体温） _______________________________.

2) The UN observers will （监督停火情况） ___________________.

3) These instruments ( 监测患者的心跳、血压 ) _______________________________________ .

monitoring passengers’ temperature

monitor the cease-fire

monitor a patient’s heartbeat, blood pressure

5. Home computers will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results should you act in a certain way. (line 25)

alternative: 1) a. giving a choice from among more than two things

1)煤炭和石油终会耗尽。我们必须找到可替代的能源类型。 Coal and oil will be used up. We must find an alternative energy form.

2)五角大楼提出的另一行动方案风险更高， 耗资更大。 The alternative operation by the Pentagon is more risky and costly.

5. Home computers will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results should you act in a certain way. (line 25)

alternative: 2) n. serious choice; something that can be chosen instead.

1) Your learning strategy didn’t work. Let’s work out an alternative. 你的学习策略没有奏效。咱们另定学习策略吧。

2) If you want to reach the railway station in time for your train, you have to take a taxi; there is no alternative.

如果你想及时到火车站赶上那趟火车，只能乘坐出租车去， 别无选择。

6. Computers control cooking, hot water, security. (line 45)

security: n. 1) protection

1) This household register is under supervision of the Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C..本居民户口簿由中华人民共和国公安部监制。

2) For security reasons all the passengers have to be searched thoroughly before boarding the plane.

出于安全原因，全体旅客在登机前必须接受全面检查。

3) The police tightened security measures during the President’s state visit. 在总统进行国事访问期间，警方加强了安全防范措施。

6. Computers control cooking, hot water, security. (line 45)

security: n. 2) state of being secure

1) 家庭为其成员提供安全与保护。 A family provides security and a form of protection for its members.

2) 这些员工最需要的是就业保障。 What the employees need most is job security.

7. Computers enable homework assignments to be done with worldwide resources, using sites like museums and science facilities around the world. (line 46)

facility: n. [pl.] useful things

e.g. Because of enlarged enrollment of higher education institutions, such facilities as teaching buildings, computer centers, audio-visual-oral labs are apparently limited.

由于高等院校扩大招生，像教学楼、计算机中心、视听说实验室这类设施显而易见紧张起来。

7. Computers enable homework assignments to be done with worldwide resources, using sites like museums and science facilities around the world. (line 46)

facility: n. [pl.] useful things

1） nuclear facilities 核设施

2） amusement facilities 娱乐设施

3） sports facilities 体育设施 4 ） heating facilities

供暧设施

5) public health and aid facilities 公共卫生与援助设施

8. People are changing careers on average every ten years now, instead of staying in a job for life. (line 57)

career: n. 1) profession 2) part of one’s life that one spends working

1) Her career as a fashion model is a great success. And she is well known for her career-mindedness.

她的时装模特生涯极为成功。而且她以 敬业出名。

2) He appeared in more than 50 movies during a career spanning six decades.

在长达 60年的演艺生涯中，他曾出演了 50 多部电影。

9. Now governments and businesses realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone, making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to make a profit. (line 65)

survive: vt./vi.. continue to live especially after coming close to death

1) （他在这场洪水中幸免于难） . Though he was one of the survivors in the village, his survival was sensational news.

A) He was survived in the flood.B) He survived after the flood.C) He was survived after the

flood.D) He survived the flood.

Which is the correct English version of the Chinese clause?

9. Now governments and businesses realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone, making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to make a profit. (line 65)

survivor / survival

2) the survival of the fittest

3)3)He He survivedsurvived in the desert for a week on in the desert for a week on biscuitsbiscuits

and water.and water.

1) the sole survivor of a shipwreck海难中的唯一海难中的唯一幸存者幸存者 ..

适者生存适者生存

他在沙漠中靠饼干和水他在沙漠中靠饼干和水维持维持了一个星期了一个星期 ..

9. Now governments and businesses realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone, making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to make a profit. (line 65)

make a profit: make money

In the second season, the factory made a profit from slippers with a mobile phone pattern.

通过销售带有手机图案的拖鞋，工厂在第二季度赚了钱。

10. Many European countries and the United States check vehicles for gas and smoke emissions to make sure the levels are below the permitted output. (line 71)

动词不定式“ to make sure…” 在句中作目的状语，说明检测烟

气排放的目的。

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。具有各种形态，可起多种句法功能，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。作状语时常为目的状语。为了强调还可用 “ in order to/ so as to” 来表示。

为了防止战争，不论大小，最重要的就是促进国际间的相互理解。

1) To prevent war, big or small, it is important to promote international understanding.

2) We must develop science and technology at a high speed (so as) to raise the scientific and cultural level of our country.

为提高我国科学和文化水平，我们必须高速发展科学技术。

3) Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.

妈妈省下她能节约的每一分钱给我交学费。

4) In order to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.

为了在四级考试中得高分，他做了大量的语法和阅读练习。

Useful ExpressionsUseful Expressions

1. 1. 今天的行动决定着未来今天的行动决定着未来

2. 2. 不可抗拒的力量不可抗拒的力量

3. 3. 送货上门送货上门

4. 4. 一辈子只干一个行当一辈子只干一个行当

1.1. The actions of the present The actions of the present

determine the futuredetermine the future

2.2. the forces beyond one’s controlthe forces beyond one’s control

3. …have purchases delivered3. …have purchases delivered

4. …stay in a job for life4. …stay in a job for life

Sample Paragraph Your Car

Cars will be almost entirely controlled by computers. To pay for costs, cars will be billed for using high-speed toll roads. Computers will record the passage of the car and automatically take the money from the owner’s computer bank account.Computers will show drivers maps of districts the car is crossing on a small screen in the car. Computers will diagnose any problems withthe engine. Computer connections will list the nearest places for repair, tell the cost of newparts and the place where they can be bought.

A Topic Supported by DetailsA Topic Supported by Details

Sample Paragraph Topic: Cars will be almost entirely controlled by computers.

Precise detail 1: To pay for costs, cars will be billed for using high-speed toll roads. Computers will record the passage of the car and automatically take the money from the owner’s computer bank account.Precise detail 2: Computers will show drivers maps of districts the car is crossing on a small screen in the car.

Precise detail 3: Computers will diagnose any problems with the engine. Computer connections will list the nearest places of repair, tell the cost of new parts and the place where they can be bought.

A Topic Supported by DetailsA Topic Supported by Details

What problems do you have as freshmen?

Brainstorming

Topic:Outline:

often at a loss, grow homesick

Now try to write your own paragraph. The topic has a detailed outline that youcan follow if you want to.

Now we face some of the problems.

experience little progress in school responsibilitiesstruggle to keep a competitive edge

Now we face some of the same problems that have hit freshmen everywhere else in the world. Without parents’ immediate help and adequate guidance, we are often at a loss and grow increasingly homesick. After years of great academic progress, we now experience little progress in school responsibilities. In the face of fierce peer pressure, we have to struggle to keep a competitive edge, especially when the final tests are coming.

The End

Go to Unit 9B