Looking beyond grain for overall benefit from wheat in mixed crop livestock systems
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Looking beyond grain for overall benefit from wheat in mixed crop livestock
systemsMichael Blϋmmel1, Arun K Joshi2, Nils Teufel1 and Iain A. Wright1
1International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), India and Ethiopia2Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nepal
Wheat for Food Security in Africa ConferenceAddis Ababa, 8-12 October 2012
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Topics
Wheat straw as commodity, contribution to overall income from wheat production
Wheat straw trading as feed back mechanism and
entry point for wheat straw value chain improvement
Opportunities and limitations of improving wheat straw through multidimensional wheat improvement
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Peri-urban wheat straw trader, New Delhi
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Wheat straw-grain price ratios in South Asia
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Straw price/grain price in %, as collected during village survey 2009/10
% (n) Normal Peak
Punjab 35 (18) 48 (18)
Haryana 19 (18) 30 (18)
N Teufel et al. (2011)
In Ethiopia in 2006/2007 Gebremedhin estimated reported wheat straw - grain price ratios of 10 to 27%
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Category Variety Price [Rs/kg straw] n
New Delhi wheat straw markets
best Not known 4.25 2
best WH-283 4.00 1
medium Not known 3.85 2
medium 1553 4.00 1
Village Kapriwas, dist. Rewari, Haryana
best C-306 3.50 1
best WH-283 3.40 1
good DBW-17 3.00 1
good PBW-502 3.00 1
good PBW-550 3.25 1
medium PBW-343 3.00 1
Wheat straw collected from fodder traders and farmers
All samples collected for feeding trials 04/2009
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Price: quality relations in wheat strawtraded monthly in New Delhi
from 2008 to 2009
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Category ADF [%dm (SE)] Price [Rs/kg straw (SE)] n
New Delhi wheat straw markets
best 48.8 (0.21) 4.43 (0.11) 36
good 49.3 (0.21) 4.21 (0.07) 72
medium 49.1 (0.24) 4.00 (0.09) 42
Patna straw markets
best 50.7 (0.16) 3.26 (0.08) 48
good 50.9 (0.14) 3.07 (0.06) 72
medium 51.6 (0.21) 2.85 (0.08) 35
Wheat straw collected from fodder traders in Delhi and Patna
Samples collected monthly for NIRS analysis 07/2008 – 06/2009
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Price-quality relations in wheat straw traded monthly in New Delhi and
Patna from 2008 to 2009
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HTM = Heat Trial Early maturity: India (Indore, Ugar, Ludhiana, Karnal and Varansi) Bangladesh and Pakistan
HTNM = Heat Trial Normal Maturity: India (Ugar, Ludhiana, Karnal) Bangladesh and Pakistan (Islamabad, Bahawalpur and Faisalabad)
SAWYT = Semi Arid Wheat Trial: India (Indore, Ugar, Dharward and Varanasi)Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan
ESWYT = Elite Spring Wheat Trial: Bangladesh and Pakistan
1st DRYT = 1st Drought Yield Trial: India (Indore, Ugar and Dharward) and Pakistan
2nd DRYT =2st Drought Yield Trial: India (Ludhiana, Karnal and Varanasi), Nepal and Pakistan
Wheat straw trials investigatedfor straw traits
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0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1st DRYT2nd DRYT
ESWYT
HTEMHTNMSAWYT
Straw yield (kg/ha)
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
/ha)
Relations between straw yield and grain yield in a range of
wheat cultivars
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 570
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1st DRYT2st DRYT
ESWYT
HTEMHTNMSAWYT
Acid detergent fiber content (%)
Gra
in y
ield
(k
g/h
a)
Wheat straw trading
Relations between acid detergent fibercontent of straw and grain yield in a range of wheat cultivars
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Relations between nitrogen content of straw and grain yield in a range of
wheat cultivars
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Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility and grain yield in 437 cultivars from IRRI
32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0 47.5 50.0 52.50
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000AROMATICSHYBRIDSINDICANPTReleased varieties
y = 10 650 - 103.7x; r= - 0.19 P=<0.0001
Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility (%)
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
/ha)
Source: Blümmel et al. 2007
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 570
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1st DRYT2nd DRYT
ESWYT
HTEMHTNMSAWYT
Acid detergent fiber content (%)
Str
aw y
ield
(kg
/ha)
Relations between acid detergent fiber and straw yield in a range of
wheat cultivars
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Conclusions
In times of peak demand in wheat straw prices can approach half that of the grain
Price premiums for higher quality wheat straws on average about 11 from intuitively small
differences
Including straw traits in cultivar choice increasesprobability of having premium straw quality
Vary strong clustering of cultivar types for grain and straw yield and for straw quality