LONGITUDINAL PROFILE – COMPLETION

Vertical alignment of the ditch bottom determine using cross-sections plot (refer to fig. 0630) according to the chainage direction:

ditch bottom on right side .............. dotted line

ditch bottom on left side ................ dashed line

both ditch bottoms ......................... dot-and-dashed line

fig. 0630 (longitudinal profile – types of lines used for marking of vertical alignment of the ditch bottoms)

drawing process (result in fig. 0660):

determine ditch bottom elevations (if there is no ditch, use elevation of intersection of embankment slope with the original terrain) from the cross-sections – an example in fig. 0640

L ... left side in the direction of chainage

R ... right side in the direction of chainage

D ... ditch bottom (only in the cutting) or the intersection of embankment slope with the original terrain

S ... intersection of cutting slope with the original terrain

fig. 0640 (determining of ditch bottom elevations in the cutting or in the intersections of soil slopes with the original terrain

from the cross-sections)

draw the “D” points in locations of the cross-sections in the longitudinal profile (according to fig. 0640) – an example in fig. 0650

point ........ ditch bottom elevation (only in cutting)

point ........ elevation of intersection of the embankment slope with the original terrain

combination ...... the same elevation on both sides (ditch bottom elevation = elevation of intersection of embankment slope with the original terrain)

fig. 0650 (drawing of points showing ditch bottom elevations or elevations of intersections of embankment slopes with the

original terrain)

provisionally (green = „by pencil“) connect separately points corresponding left and right side – fig. 0650

connect 2 consecutive points on the same side of the road by red colour (type of the line corresponds to the left or right side according to fig. 0630) – an example in fig. 0650

both 2 outside points have the same elevation

on both sides (left + right) of the road double-sided ditch according to fig. 0630 (otherwise not !!!)

section between outside points + line is drawn in red only in the half of the section closer to the point (solve for left and right side separately fig. 0650)

fig. 0660 (longitudinal profile – plotting ditch bottom)

Culverts design in places complying following conditions:

road crosses watercourse (maximum deviation from the centre line perpendicular is 30° – an example in fig. 0090)

one of the ditch bottoms descends from both sides to one point (it must not occur in both ditches in one point at the same time !!!) – refer to fig. 0660

culvert diameter is designed according to its length and longitudinal gradient (refer to the table in fig. 0670)

determine length and longitudinal gradient of the ditch bottom using the corresponding cross-section (fig. 0671):

between ditch bottoms on both sides

alternatively between ditch bottom on one side and embankment slope toe on the other side

do not draw the culvert into the cross-section

fig. 0670 (table for determining the culver diameter)

fig. 0671 (example of inclined culvert in a cross-section)

if the culvert longitudinal gradient is not within the interval 0,5 ~ 5,0 %, it is necessary to (for the purpose of the exercise) sink the culvert outlet on the suitable side

draw it into the longitudinal profile (including the table) according to fig. 0680

fig. 0680 (longitudinal profile – culvert plotting)

Crash barriers design in sections meeting following conditions (simplified

conditions used in the exercise):

embankment height he 3 m (refer to exercise no. 5)

determine from the longitudinal profile (for each side separately)

draw it into the longitudinal profile by its location – refer to the schema in fig. 0690 (an example in fig. 0660)

fig. 0690 (longitudinal profile – schemas for drawing of different road assets)

draw crash barriers into the corresponding cross-sections (the 0,75 m extension of the crown on the crash barrier

side must be rearranged – according to fig. 0691) crash barrier height is considered to be 0,75 m

fig. 0691 (cross-section with crash barrier in horizontal straight – left side of embankment)

Lined ditches calculate „Gd“ in all sections between cross-sections (for

left and right side separately) = longitudinal profile of ditch bottom:

%1001000StSt

hhG

i1i

d(i)1)d(i

d(i)

Gd(i) ... longitudinal gradient of ditch bottom between cross-sections no. „i“ a „i+1“

Sti ..... cross-section chainage no. „i“; [St] = km (rounding to 5 decimal places)

hd(i) ... ditch bottom elevation (or elevation of the intersection of embankment slope with the original terrain) in cross-section no. „i“ (copy from the cross-section); [hd] = m (rounding to 2 decimal places)

lined ditch is designed in locations where (it is assessed for left and right side separately):

Gd 0,3%; 0,5%

Gd 3%; 5%

draw it into the longitudinal profile according to its location – refer to the schema in fig. 0690 (examples in fig. 0250 and fig. 0680)

fig. 0250 (longitudinal profile – an example of drawing in the end part)

schematically draw the lined ditches into the corresponding cross-sections according to fig. 0700

fig. 0700 (cross-section with lined ditch and drain)

Superelevation

schematically indicate in sections between points TS-SC and CS-ST (include corresponding value of crossfall „S“ or „S0“) – according to fig. 0250 and fig. 0660

PLAN – COMPLETION

Road gradient marker in all vertices of elevation polygon drawing labels and all details according to fig. 0710 gradient marker arms schematically indicate the gradient

direction! (value in parenthesis is the vertical curve

tangent difference from gradient markers in the longitudinal profile)

fig. 0710 (part of the plan – an example of completion)

Crash barriers and lined ditches the symbol cannot be used for „double-sided“ (fig. 0690) for crash barriers use symbols according to fig. 0720 for lined ditches use symbols according to fig. 0720 plot according to fig. 0090

fig. 0720 (plan – schemas for plotting of lined ditches)

Culverts schemas for plotting of different types of culverts into the

plan – refer to fig. 0730 and fig. 0740 mark including the table – the same as in the longitudinal

profile an example in fig. 0090

fig. 0730 (plan – schemas for drawing of culverts)

fig. 0740 (plan – schemas for drawing of inclined pipe culvert)

Pavement and carriageway crown plot in constant distance on both sides from the road

centre line (fig. 0090):

the edge of paved carriageway (at the distance „a+v+c“ from the road centre line)

the edge of carriageway crown (at the distance ”a+v+c+e+0,25“ m from the centre line, if there are crash barriers, then „a+v+c+e+1“ m !!! – fig. 0090, change of the width happens on a length of about 5 m according to fig. 0750)

fig. 0750 (plan – showing changes of the carriageway width)

Earthworks construction draw (refer to fig. 0090 and fig. 0710) based on points „D“

and „S“ according to the distance from the centre line given in the cross-sections (fig. 0640)

apply the distances on the centre line perpendicular according to the principle in fig. 0760

fig. 0760 (plan – schema for earth construction edge plotting)

connect consecutive points – fig. 0760:

„D“ – line shows ditch bottom location (or the intersection of embankment slope with the original terrain)

„S“ – line shows location of intersection of cutting slope with the original terrain (if the points does not

exist in one of two consecutive cross-sections line is terminated in the half of the section by merging into the line made by „D“ points)

schematic indication of slope gradient direction of earthworks construction using series of long and short lines perpendicular to the centre line according to fig. 0770

schematic indication of lined or unlined ditch according to fig. 0780

fig. 0770 (plan – schemas for cutting and embankment)

fig. 0780 (plan – schemas for ditches)

Superelevation schematic indication in points TS, SC, CS and ST (include

the corresponding values of crossfall „S“ or „S0“) an example in fig. 0090 and fig. 0710

fig. 0090 (an example of the whole plan)