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Teacher : Date :

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grammarsaurus.co.uk

Capital Letters & Full Stops

Insert the capital letters and full stops in the passages below by rewriting the sentences

Think carefully about how many sentences are in each passage.

1) the sun shone while lucy was walking to school and she passed by julie’s house

2) last week, we went to see our friend bella she has been on holiday and we wanted to see her photographs

3) the mouse scuttled quietly through the dusty kitchen he knew it was safe because the evans family was asleep upstairs

4) once she had arrived at the train station in central london she searched for her ticket “where is it?” she said

5) paris can be easily reached from madrid by train or car however it will take a long time

for direct speech after the inverted comma

Hint!Capital letters are needed for:

the beginning of sentences

proper nouns: people, places, days of the week, months of the year

Column Subtraction (No Exchanging)a. b. c. d. e.

3 3 2 5 1 6 2 7 2 9- 1 1 - 1 3 - 1 0 - 1 6 - 1 2

f. g. h. i. j.

2 6 3 2 2 9 4 2 2 7- 1 3 - 2 0 - 1 4 - 1 2 - 2 3

k. l. m. n. o.

2 7 3 8 4 8 3 3 3 9- 1 2 - 2 7 - 3 6 - 1 3 - 2 1

p. q. r. s. t.

4 6 5 8 6 3 7 6 5 9- 2 2 - 2 5 - 3 1 - 5 5 - 3 7

u. v. w. x. y.

8 4 7 6 6 7 5 8 8 5- 6 0 - 4 5 - 4 4 - 3 6 - 5 2

visit twinkl.comPage 1 of 4

Column Subtraction (With Exchanging)a. b. c. d. e.

2 3 2 6 2 2 3 8 2 1- 1 7 - 1 9 - 1 6 - 2 9 - 1 3

f. g. h. i. j.

3 3 4 4 4 7 3 8 4 1- 1 5 - 2 7 - 1 8 - 1 9 - 2 6

k. l. m. n. o.

4 5 4 0 4 1 5 6 5 2- 2 9 - 2 8 - 1 7 - 3 7 - 3 8

p. q. r. s. t.

5 0 5 6 6 2 6 1 5 7- 2 7 - 1 8 - 3 5 - 2 6 - 2 9

u. v. w. x. y.

7 1 6 2 6 6 8 5 7 5- 4 3 - 3 8 - 3 9 - 4 8 - 4 6

visit twinkl.comPage 3 of 4

Ultimate Bridging Through Ten

28 – 9 = 27 – 8 = 76 + 9 = 15 + 8 = 46 + 5 = 26 + 6 =

11 – 7 = 66 – 7 = 31 – 6 = 88 + 3 = 51 – 3 = 3 + 9 =

89 + 3 = 21 – 3 = 61 – 9 = 42 – 5 = 8 + 3 = 37 + 9 =

41 – 2 = 52 – 8 = 75 + 7 = 64 – 8 = 82 – 9 = 87 + 7 =

18 + 6 = 56 – 9 = 45 – 7 = 22 – 9 = 55 – 6 = 4 + 7 =

86 + 6 = 39 + 8 = 12 – 5 = 35 – 8 = 68 + 4 = 36 – 7 =

63 + 8 = 73 – 4 = 85 + 8 = 74 + 8 = 96 – 8 = 81 – 4 =

38 + 7 = 9 + 5 = 48 + 4 = 16 – 9 = 43 + 8 = 13 – 8 =

71 – 4 = 92 – 8 = 67 + 6 = 98 – 9 = 77 – 8 = 79 + 2 =

102 + 9 = 33 + 9 = 91 – 3 = 69 + 3 = 5 + 9 = 32 – 3 =

17 + 8 = 72 – 7 = 19 + 6 = 23 – 7 = 65 + 6 = 25 + 7 =

54 + 7 = 84 + 8 = 44 – 5 = 57 + 5 = 53 + 8 = 47 – 8 =

2 + 9 = 14 + 9 = 34 + 9 = 6 + 8 = 78 + 5 = 62 – 4 =

24 + 8 = 93 – 6 = 95 – 6 = 59 + 3 = 83 – 9 = 7 + 5 =

101 – 5 = 94 – 7 = 46 + 7 = 97 – 8 = 29 + 5 = 58 + 5 =

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Reading Comprehension

How do they survive in the coldest place on Earth?

Emperor penguins have had to make adaptations in order to survive in Antarctica.

They have short, but strong legs and they waddle when they walk. This helps them

save energy, so they can focus on staying warm. They have

layers of tightly-packed and scale-like feathers that protect

them from icy winds. They store body fat, which insulates

them from the cold. Finally, they huddle close together in

large groups to keep themselves, and each other, warm. This is

a real team effort to make sure everyone has a turn of being

on the outside and inside!

What is so special about penguin’s breeding season?

In the harshest weather conditions during the Antarctic winter

(June to August), emperor penguins breed on the thick

Antarctic ice. The female lays her egg and she passes the egg to the male, who

incubates it by balancing the egg on his feet and covering it in his brood pouch

(feathered skin). Then, the female heads straight to the ocean to get herself and the

chick some food! The females return about two months later with very full bellies,

which they regurgitate (throw up) for the chicks to eat. At this point, the male heads

to the ocean to feed and the female will take care of the chick.

Their habitats threatened!

Emperor penguins are considered near threatened and their populations are expected

to decline quickly and sharply due to climate change. Rising polar temperatures due

to global warming will reduce the polar ice caps, which are their breeding grounds.

Overfishing (for human consumption) will mean less food available for penguins to

consume.

What can we do to help Emperor Penguins?

• Donate and fundraise for charities that help preserve the environment, like WWF

• Only eat sustainably-sourced fish

• Do not dump oil products in drains: accidental spills end up in ecosystems and are

proven to accumulate in the polar regions

• Reduce your carbon footprint: make simple changes every day like walk over using

car and turning off lights

Antarctica – the southernmost continent on Earth.

They live in colonies. (This means they live together with

the other of the same type of animal.)

They have a white stomach and a black head, back, tail

and wings. They also have yellow-gold markings on the

side of their head and neck.

Confident swimming and diving in water, glides on belly

across the ice and walks in a waddle-like fashion.

Ranges from -10°C to as low as -60°C.Temperature:

Size:

Appearance:

Eats:

Travel:

Live:

Around 115cm tall.

Mainly fish, but they also eat squid and krill.

grammarsaurus.co.uk

How do they survive in the coldest place on Earth?

Emperor penguins have had to make adaptations in order to survive in Antarctica.

They have short, but strong legs and they waddle when they walk. This helps them

save energy, so they can focus on staying warm. They have

layers of tightly-packed and scale-like feathers that protect

them from icy winds. They store body fat, which insulates

them from the cold. Finally, they huddle close together in

large groups to keep themselves, and each other, warm. This is

a real team effort to make sure everyone has a turn of being

on the outside and inside!

What is so special about penguin’s breeding season?

In the harshest weather conditions during the Antarctic winter

(June to August), emperor penguins breed on the thick

Antarctic ice. The female lays her egg and she passes the egg to the male, who

incubates it by balancing the egg on his feet and covering it in his brood pouch

(feathered skin). Then, the female heads straight to the ocean to get herself and the

chick some food! The females return about two months later with very full bellies,

which they regurgitate (throw up) for the chicks to eat. At this point, the male heads

to the ocean to feed and the female will take care of the chick.

Their habitats threatened!

Emperor penguins are considered near threatened and their populations are expected

to decline quickly and sharply due to climate change. Rising polar temperatures due

to global warming will reduce the polar ice caps, which are their breeding grounds.

Overfishing (for human consumption) will mean less food available for penguins to

consume.

What can we do to help Emperor Penguins?

• Donate and fundraise for charities that help preserve the environment, like WWF

• Only eat sustainably-sourced fish

• Do not dump oil products in drains: accidental spills end up in ecosystems and are

proven to accumulate in the polar regions

• Reduce your carbon footprint: make simple changes every day like walk over using

car and turning off lights

Did you know that most emperor

penguins are monogamous? This means

they have one breeding partner for life.

Reading Comprehension

grammarsaurus.co.uk

DIFFICULTY : HARDReading Comprehension

1. List all the ways that an emperor penguin travels.

2. Why do you think an emperor penguin can travel in different ways?

3. Using clues from the text, what is it like in Antarctica? Use evidence to support your

answer.

5. What word means to ‘throw up’?

4. How has an emperor penguin adapted to survive in Antarctica? Give 3 reasons.

QUESTIONS

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6. How do the parents of a chick help to keep their chick alive?

7. Find and copy one word which has a similar meaning to ‘crowd’ or ‘gather’.

Female: Male:

8. Using information from the text, decide whether the following statements are fact or

opinion.

Fact Opinion

They huddle close together in large groups

Their populations are expected to decline quickly

Emperor penguins are about 115cm tall

DIFFICULTY : HARDReading Comprehension

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9. Sequence the mating season for penguins. 1 for first and 5 for last.

10. How are emperor penguin numbers being threatened?

11. In what ways can we help emperor penguins from being further threatened?

The male incubates the egg

The female leaves to find food

In June, the penguins breed on thick ice

The female returns and feeds her chick

The female lays her egg

DIFFICULTY : HARDReading Comprehension

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Punctuation

Missing Punctuation Task

DIFFICULTY : EASY

There is punctuation missing in this text – can you spot where it is missing and add it in?

. full stop

, comma

‘ apostrophe

? question mark

! exclamation mark

capital letters

7

2

2

1

3

4

Number of times missing

Everyone was ready for Ashley s birthday party at long last It was time for us to pile

into the car and drive over We hopped in and immediately Jaime demanded we listen to

Rihanna “No way” I called out

“Stop all the racket ” Mum hollered. With that, jaime muttered something about the radio

and peace was restored We put our seatbelts on and started to sing to the radio

“Have you remembered the present ” Mum questioned as we were about to pull out of the

driveway.

“Oh no Mum, stop I left it on the stairs” I exclaimed, as I tried to squeeze past Jaime to

get out

Finally, we were ready. coats on, hair brushed and (at last) presents in our hands. Off we

went to ashley s house. I was so excited because I knew Marley Boas Marlon and

jessica were going to be there too. I just loved birthdays so much and knew the party today

would be one to remember.

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Plant Life

The Flower

The flower makes seeds for the

plant. The petals are brightly

coloured to attract insects.

The Stem

The stem has two jobs. It

supports the plant and keeps it

upright. It also carries food and

water through the plant.

The Leaves

The leaf’s job is to create the food

for the plant by taking in

carbon dioxide from the air.

Their green colour helps them

to make the food.

The Roots

The roots soak up all water

from the soil. They also store

food for the plant.

grammarsaurus.co.uk

The Flower

The flower makes seeds for the plant. The petals are brightly coloured to attract

insects.

The Leaves

The leaf’s job is the create food for the plant by taking in carbon dioxide from the air.

Their green colour helps them to make the food.

1. Why are the petals brightly coloured?

3. Where does the leaf get carbon dioxide from?

4. What helps the plant make the food?

QUESTIONS

Plant Life

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It stores food for the plant.

It keeps the plant upright.

It attracts insects.

It carries water through the plant.

True False

The roots keeps the plant upright.

The roots soak up water.

The roots store food.

The roots soak up sunlight.

The Stem

The stem has two jobs. It supports the plant and keeps it upright. It also carries

food and water through the plant.

The Roots

The roots soak up all water from the soil. They also store food for the plant.

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Steam Trains

Over 200 years ago, the first steam train was built. At first, it only carried wagons of

coal, but later they carried carriages of people. One of the most famous steam trains

was called ‘Rocket’ built by Englishman Robert Stephenson.

Electric Trains

Engineers built the first electric train nearly 100 years ago. These were cleaner,

quieter, faster and more reliable than steam trains. The trains we use today are

powered by electricity.

Underground Railways

As cities grew larger and became very busy, they built railways underground. The

first was built in London in 1863. At first, they used steam trains, but they were

replaced by electric trains later. London’s underground railway now carries 4 million

people!

Luxury Trains

These trains were built in 1850 and they had heating, lighting and toilets. Other

trains hadn’t had these things before. Some trains had private bedrooms and a

restaurant. There is one train called ‘The Palace’ that has a health spa!

There are many different types of transport that people use to travel around the

world. Over 200 years ago, the first train was built and they have continued to

improve and become the terrific machines we use today!

Terrific Trains!

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Steam Trains

Over 200 years ago, the first steam train was built. At first, it only carried wagons of

coal, but later they carried carriages of people. One of the most famous steam trains

was called ‘Rocket’ built by Englishman Robert Stephenson.

1. What was name of the most famous steam train?

2. Tick all the statements that are true.

Reading Comprehension

The steam train always carried people.

The steam train carried wagons of coal

The steam train is over 200 years old.

Robert Stephenson was from America.

Terrific Trains!

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Electric Trains

Engineers built the first electric train nearly 100 years ago. These were cleaner,

quieter, faster and more reliable than steam trains. The trains we use today are

powered by electricity.

3. Look at the paragraph about electric trains. List 3 ways that this train was better than

a steam train.

4. What powers our trains today?

Underground Railways

As cities grew larger and became very busy, they built railways underground. The first

was built in London in 1863. At first, they used steam trains, but they were replaced

by electric trains later. London’s underground railway now carries 4 million people!

5. Why did they build an underground railway? Tick one.

Because the cities were becoming very busy

Because people didn’t want trains to be seen

Because trains were smelly

1.

2.

3.

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Luxury Trains

These trains were built in 1850 and they had heating, lighting and toilets. Other

trains hadn’t had these things before. Some trains had private bedrooms and a

restaurant. There is one train called ‘The Palace’ that has a health spa!

8. When were luxury trains built?

7. What was special about luxury trains? Name one thing.

6. Find and copy the word that tells us that cities were getting bigger.

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Max and Margot were not friends anymore. Max made a nest in the mud but Margot

wriggled her big bottom in and squashed it flat. Max stomped away in a big meerkat

huff! Then he saw some birds flying in the sky and Margot was not there to see

them. Margot saw mice playing and she thought it looked fun. Max found a big

cave and he wished Margot saw it too. Margot was plodding in the sand and she

saw a shooting star flicker and swirl. She wished Max saw it too. Then Margot saw

the most wonderful thing of all. Max! Max and Margot were friends again and they

patted and shuffled and nudged until they had a perfect nest to sleep in together.

Max and Margot

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Max and Margot were not friends anymore. Max made a nest in the mud but Margot

wriggled her big bottom in and squashed it flat. Max stomped away in a big meerkat

huff!

1. What did Max make?

2. Why did Max stomp off?

QUESTIONS

Then he saw some birds flying in the sky and Margot was not there to see them.

Margot saw mice playing and she thought it looked fun. Max found a big cave and

he wished Margot saw it too.

4. What did Max wish?

Max and Margot

3. What Margot see playing? Tick one.

Birds

Meerkat

Mice

grammarsaurus.co.uk

Max and Margot were friends again and they patted and shuffled and nudged until

they had a perfect nest to sleep in together.

7. What words describes their nest?

9. What will they use their nest for?

8. How did Max and Margot feel at the end of the story?

6. What was the most wonderful thing of all?

Margot was plodding in the sand and she saw a shooting star flicker and swirl. She

wished Max saw it too. Then Margot saw the most wonderful thing of all. Max!

5. What did the shooting star do? Tick one.

Plod and flicker

plod

Flicker and swirl