Long term monitoring and source ti t t d f ti l tapportionment study for particulate

matter in Asian developing countries

HTAP conference

Kim Oanh N T Prapat P and AIRPET team

Hanoi, October 13-14, 2008

Kim Oanh N. T. , Prapat P. and AIRPET teamkimoanh@ait.ac.th

Environmental Engineering and Management g g gSchool of Environment, Resources and Development

Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)

Air pollution in Asian developing countries

Air quality is worsening in urban areas: serious impact on human health and economicson human health and economicsMost significant PM (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) but no systematic records (PM2.5!) Fast increase in emission sources and intensity: traffic, industry, utilityI d i ll ti i iIndoor air pollution is serious Trans-boundary issues: Acid rain, ABC, regional haze from biomass burning dust storm POP Hg etcfrom biomass burning, dust storm, POP, Hg, etc.

Examples of local regional/trans-boundary issues in Asiaissues in Asia

Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology (ARRPET)Environmental Technology (ARRPET)

Sponsored by Sida, Coordinated by AIT

Four projects in ARRPET: Air pollution (AIRPET)Solid waste Hazardous wasteWastewater

Phase 1&2: 2001-2008 Phase 3: 2009Phase 3: 2009

http://www.arrpet.ait.ac.th/

Air pollution research network of AIRPET 1&2

ChiChinaProf. Hao Zhengping

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences

India Dr. Ligy Philip

D f Ci il E

Beijing

Vietnam Dr. Hoang Xuan CoDepart. of Civil Eng.

I.I.T. Madras, Chennai

Dr. Hoang Xuan CoFES, Hanoi University

of ScienceHanoi

AIT AIRPETDr. Kim Oanh N. T. (PI)

Prof. Chongrak P. (Co-PI)/

Indonesia

EEM/SERDThailand

IndonesiaDr. Ir. Puji Lestari

Envi. Eng. DepartmentInstitut Teknologi

B d

Philippines Dr. James Simpas

Climate Studies DivisionManila Observatory

Project website http://www.serd.ait.ac.th/airpet/

Bandung Manila ObservatoryQuezon City

Existing data Continuous monitoringAIRPET1&2

Assessment of Database

pollution statusDatabase

Experiments

Modeling Control Policy toolsTechnology study

Lab-scale devices

AQM strategies

Integrated AQM forIntegrated AQM for target sources Cleaner airCleaner air

Activities in AIRPET1&2 (2002-2007)

NRIs Monitoring Modeling Control Integ. AQM

AIT PM2.5, PM10 Receptor - Agroresidue AIT BTEX, POP Photochem. - burning

China PM2.5, PM10TSP

ReceptorCat-oxidation

(VOC)Integrated VOC controlTSP (VOC) VOC control

India PM2.5, PM10O3, SOx, NOx

ReceptorBio-system(NOx, SOx)

-O3, SO , O ( O , SO )

Indo PM2.5, PM10Pb in blood

ReceptorPhoto-cat(NOx, CO,

SO )

Vehicle emission (Pb)Pb in blood SO2)

( )

Phil PM2.5, PM10 Receptor Dispersion -

VN PM2.5, PM10BTEX

Receptor Dispersion - Brick

manufacture

PM Monitoring of AIRPET1&2PM Monitoring of AIRPET1&2

Monitoring sites: urban and remote sitesMonitoring sites: urban and remote sitesParameters: PM2.5, PM10-2.5Composition: ions elements EC(BC) and OCComposition: ions, elements, EC(BC) and OCQA/QC: SRM, blind samplesResults:Results:

More than 7000 PM samples Long-term systematic PM mass (2002-2007) and detail y ( )composition data of PM2.5 and PM10 in 6 cities with adequate QA/QCL l d iti t t it LRTAPLevels and composition at remote sites LRTAPSource apportionment study by receptor modeling

2004-2007

Common Mathematical Formula f R t M d li

C t ti f ll t t t t it i th

for Receptor Modeling

Concentration of a pollutant at a receptor site is the sum of linear products of the source profile and the source strength:g

solve for fkj∑= kjikij fax + e

Known: xij= Concentration of species i in the sample j

kj∑k

kjikij f

Known: xij Concentration of species i in the sample jaik = Source profiles (fraction of i in k source)

Unknown: fkj = Source strength or contribution of kthkj g

source to jth sample

Models used and newly developed ithin AIRPETwithin AIRPET

1. Models used: CMB, PMF, COPREM, PCA,1. Models used: CMB, PMF, COPREM, PCA, HYSPLIT, etc.

2. New models developed and tested (AIT)2. New models developed and tested (AIT)(1) Evolutionary Receptor Model (EVORM)

Hybrid between CMB and multivariateUses some known source profiles and generate others Evolutionary Programming (EP) is applied

(2) Dual-site Receptor Model (DUALM)( ) p ( )Applied to 2 sets of PM data collected at 2 sites with some similar sources Auxiliary information used to add more constrainsAuxiliary information used to add more constrainsDeveloped using expanded Multilinear Engine (ME-2)

Comparison between measured and calculated masses by DUALM at 2 sites y

(IMPROVE database, USA)

COHU GRSM

25

30

COHU

25

30

GRSM

Mas

s (µ

g/m

3)

15

20

25

Mas

s (µ

g/m

3 )

15

20

25

Cal

cula

ted

M

5

10 y = 0.9701x + 1.1704R2 = 0.9701 C

alcu

late

d M

5

10 y = 0.9831x + 0.6844R2 = 0.9831

Measured Mass (µg/m3)

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

Measured Mass (µg/m3)

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

Source: Prapat (2007)

Bangkok, Thailand

Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand

AIRPET-3 proposed activitiesp p

Provide overall picture of air quality in Asia taking p q y ginto account long range transport contributions to local air pollution focusing on effect assessment (health crops etc )(health, crops, etc.) Explore the possibility of co-benefit in reducing air pollution and climate change effects of majorpollution and climate change effects of major emission sources focusing on BCConduct application projects using the integrated tools to demonstrate the air quality improvementProvide policy recommendations toward harmonizing regional AQM efforts taking intoharmonizing regional AQM efforts taking into account LRTAP

Th k Y !Thank You !