Long term effects of exercise shubham
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Transcript of Long term effects of exercise shubham
Long Term Effects of Exercise
Shuvam Roy
5th semester
Medical College
Two types of training
• Strength training
• Endurance training
Musculo-skeletal system: Effect of optimal resistance training on increase in
muscle strength
Changes in hypertrophied muscle
muscle diametermuscle diameter no. of myofibrilsno. of myofibrils sarcoplasmic volumesarcoplasmic volume contractile proteincontractile protein mass of fast twitch fibresmass of fast twitch fibres
Changes in muscle cell due to aerobic training
• More myoglogin, bigger mitochondria
• Increased oxidative enzymes
• Increase in stores and utilization of fat
• Increase in glycogen stores
• Glycogen sparing
• Better recruitment of slow twitch muscle fibres
CVS: Increase in stroke volume
• Increased end diastolic volume
• Enlargement of the heart chambers and increased thickness/strengthening of its muscular walls.
• Greater elastic recoil of myocardium
• Decreased peripheral resistance
Effect of specific sports training on LV cavity dimension or wall thickness in elite athletes, representing 27 different sporting disciplines.
Maron B J , Pelliccia A Circulation 2006;114:1633-1644
Copyright © American Heart Association
Effects of exercise on heart rate
CVS: Cardiac output
• Maximal cardiac output is increased
• Cardiac output in submaximal exercise is decreased
CVS: Blood pressure
• Blood pressure at rest is decreased
• Less increase in SBP due to exercise
• Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption
Physiological Basis for Differences in VOPhysiological Basis for Differences in VO2max2max
Vascular changes
• Increased capillarisation of trained muscle and improved dilation of existing capillaries
• Increase in blood volume is attributed to an increase in plasma volume and number of red blood cells.
• Increased elasticity and thickness of smooth muscle of arterial walls
Respiratory system
• Ventilatory equivalent of oxygen is decreased in submaximal exercise
• Maximum exercise ventilation is increased
• Respiratory rate at rest is decreased
Oxygen Deficit and DebtOxygen Deficit and Debt
Blood lactate as a function of training
Other changes
• Increase in thickness and strength of tendons.
• Increased flexibility of ligaments.• Thickening and improved elasticity of
cartilage.• Improved capability of cartilaginous tissue
to absorb and expel synovial fluid.• Strengthening of bone tissue due to
increased depositing of calcium, therefore reduced risk of injury.
• Acclimatization to heatAcclimatization to heat
Strength-Endurance ContinuumStrength-Endurance Continuum
En
du
ran
ce
Str
en
gthHigh
StrengthHigh PowerHypertrophy
Olympic lifting
Power lifting
Throwing Rowing
Football100m
Decathalon
Swimming
Marathon
BasketballHigh CapillarityHigh VO2max
Aerobic PowerHigh Mitochondria
Bodybuilding
Rugby
400m
Mile Run
Soccer
10K
10 sec 5 min > 2hrs
ReversibilityReversibility
Exercise prolongs life
• Lowered blood pressure• Lowered blood cholesterol and LDL• Raised HDL• Reduction of obesity• Greater cardiac and respiratory reserve• Greater strength of bones and joints
Thank you