Long-term Ecological Research: Eco-hydrology · Long-term Ecological Research: Eco-hydrology Julia...

Long-term Ecological Research: Eco-hydrology

Julia JonesGeosciences

Oregon State UniversityH.J. Andrews LTER

How to reconcileworld views?

Ecologists -• vertical fluxes of C, N, water• Biotic interactions with atmosphere and soils

Hydrologists, geomorphologists• horizontal fluxes of water, sediment, organics• Physical interactions - gravity v. resistance

Common to both• Time scales, spatial scales, budgets

What are common questions?

Biotic v. abiotic controls on fluxes of C, N, water?

Land use, climate change and natural disturbance effects and feedbacks?

Reciprocal Mechanisms

Q = P - ET - I - SW - GW

Streamflow = f(precipitation, water use by vegetation, vegetation structure, routing of water)

Photosynthesis and respiration = f(soil moisture and temperature, atmospheric moisture and temperature)

What can LTER contribute?

Up to 70 year records of climate and streamflow in small watersheds (thousands of watershed-years)Multiple sites varying in climate, land use and disturbance historyProcess knowledge to formulate and test ecosystem questions

Eco-hydrology: time scales

Eco-hydrology Mechanisms

Cause ConsequenceDiel ET Habitat

Storm ET, I, SW Disturbance

Season Phenology, climate

Habitat

Succession, climate change

Veg. structure, composition

Habitat

Diel Flows and Riparian Zone

Floods and Vegetation Removal

Q

Time (hours)

Vegetation water use influences antecedent moisture, recession

Unvegetated

Vegetated

Contrasting Forest Typeand Climate Effects on

Streamflow

Forest Soil SnowAndrews Evergreen Deep Yes

Hubbard Brook Deciduous Shallow Yes

Coweeta Deciduous Deep No

Effects of Forest Removal by Season Over Succession

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

28-Oct

Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)Andrews Watershed 1 vs.

Watershed 2

Actual ETSnowmelt

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

28-Oct

Andrews Watershed 1 vs. Watershed 2

Actual ETSnowmelt

Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

28-Oct

1-5 yrs, 1967-71


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

Actual ETSnowmelt

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

28-Oct

actual ET snowmelt

6-10 yrs, 1972-76


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

Actual ETSnowmelt

1-5 yrs, 1967-71

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

28-Oct

25-30 yrs, 1992-96


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

Actual ETSnowmelt

6-10 yrs, 1972-76

1-5 yrs, 1967-71

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep

Hubbard Brook Watershed 2 vs. Watershed 3

Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

Actual ETSnowmelt

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

1-5 yrs, 1965-69

Actual ETSnowmelt

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

1-5 yrs, 1965-69

Actual ETSnowmelt

6-10 yrs, 1970-74

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan

29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul

28-Aug

28-Sep

25-30 yrs, 1989-94


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

1-5 yrs, 1965-69

Actual ETSnowmelt

6-10 yrs, 1970-74

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan 29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun 29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep

Coweeta Watershed 7 vs. Watershed 2

Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)

Actual ETSnowmelt (none)

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan 29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)


-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan 29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)


1-5 yrs, 1965-69

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan 29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)


6-10 yrs, 1970-741-5 yrs, 1965-69

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-Oct 31-Oct

30-Nov

30-Dec

30-Jan 29-Feb

30-Mar

29-Apr

30-May

29-Jun

29-Jul 28-Aug

28-Sep

25-30 yrs, 1989-94


Abs

olut

e ch

ange

in d

aily

av

erag

e st

ream

flow

(mm

)


6-10 yrs, 1970-741-5 yrs, 1965-69

Evidence for Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response

Ann

ual P

reci

pita

tion

(cm

)

Andrews Coweeta Hubbard Brook

Run

off R

atio

(%)

Precipitation vs. Runoff: Long-term Trends

Next Steps

Centralized data access: • Clim-DB, Hydro-DB

More sites, new sitesNew questions, new techniquesIntegrate modeling, process studies

AcknowledgementsNSF LTER grants • Andrews, Coweeta, Hubbard Brook, Luquillo

U.S. Forest Service support • Andrews, Coweeta, Hubbard Brook, Luquillo

NSF award 1996-98 for LTER intersite hydrology comparisonsColleagues • Andrews, Coweeta, Hubbard Brook, Luquillo,

Harvard Forest LTERs

Long-term Ecological Research: Eco-hydrology · Long-term Ecological Research: Eco-hydrology Julia...

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