By: Charly Gentry!

Home Sweet Tundra!

Biome:Tundra

• LONG, COLD WINTERS• LITTLE PRECIPITATIONSTRONG WINDS

• BRIEF SUMMERS IN SOUTHERN REGION

• WETLANDS/ LAKES FORM

PERMAFROST

BIODIVERSITY (1)CLIMATE/(2) CHARACTERISTICS

(1)The average temperature is -10 degrees Celsius.

(2)• Extremely cold

temperatures• Low biotic diversity• Simple vegetation

structure • The word Tundra

comes from a Russian word meaning treeless.

LOW

Adaptations

•Camouflage- changing color with the seasons•Thick fur for warmth•Body fat for warmth•Specialized feet for walking on snow/ice•Migration•Living in groups

Arctic Animals

PRODUCERS IN THE TUNDRA:Tundra Plants have a short growing season.Tend to grow low to the ground.

SEDGESWILLOWSLICHENSMOSSES

PrImArY sOuRcE oF eNeRgY!

PRODUCERS

LIGHT ENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY

CONSUMERS

DECOMPOSERS

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

ENERGY PYRAMID

PRODUCERS

Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou,

Lemmings Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

ENERGY PYRAMID

Primary Consumers:

PRODUCERS

Kittiwakes

Snowy Owls Arctic Fox

Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou, Lemmings

Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

ENERGY PYRAMID

Secondary consumers

Primary Consumers:

PRODUCERS

Polar Bears

Kittiwakes Snowy Owls

Arctic Fox

Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou, Lemmings

Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

ENERGY PYRAMID

Secondary consumers

Tertiary Consumer

Primary Consumers:

PRODUCERS

Bacteria/fungi

Food Web

Polar bear

Kittiwakes

Snowy Owls

Arctic Fox

Pikas,

Musk Ox

Caribou,

Lemmings

Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

The producers convert light energy into glucose.

The herbivores eat the producers.The energy flows from the producers to the primary

consumers.

Bacteria/fungi

Food Web

Polar bear

Kittiwakes

Snowy Owls

Arctic Fox

Pikas,

Musk Ox

Caribou,

Lemmings

Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

The secondary consumers are carnivores and omnivores.They get energy from consuming the herbivores.They INDIRECTLY get the energy from the sun.

Bacteria/fungi

Food Web

Polar bear

Kittiwakes

Snowy Owls

Arctic Fox

Pikas,

Musk Ox

Caribou,

Lemmings

Arctic Hares

Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens

The tertiary consumers must control the populations of the primary and secondary consumers.The polar bear will feed on sick, weak and lame individuals.

WATER CYCLE IN THE TUNDRACONDENSATION

EVAPORATION

TRANSPIRATION

Precipitation

Runoff/ groundwater

RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TUNDRACOMPETITION

MUSK OX v Caribou- both are herbivores, grazing on sedges, mosses and grasses.

Symbiotic RelationshipsLICHEN

FUNGUS + ALGAE

BOTH BENEFIT

LICHEN ARE PIONEER PLANTS

IMPORTANT PRODUCER IN THE TUNDRA CLIMATE.

REMOVAL OF TERTIARY CONSUMER?Tertiary Consumers, like the Polar Bear, have an important niche….

…. Control the population of herbivores.

Without the Polar Bear, the herbivores would overpopulate.

Remember carrying capacity?

Loss of Secondary Consumer…The Arctic Fox goes EXTINCT….

+There would be MORE food for competitors like the polar bear, snowy owl and kittiwake.

+ The prey of the arctic fox may experience a population boom because it’s top predator is gone.

-Overpopulation may occur???

Factors that could Endanger…Habitat loss due to global warming!!!

S7L4. Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environments. b. Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism. c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. d. Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial. e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e. tropical rain forest, savannah, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e. freshwater, estuaries, and marine).