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ACT-UK TRICS London Conference Kevin Shannon

Executive Director

Association for Commuter Transportation

Managing Transportation Demand

American PerspectivesAmerican Perspectives

ACT - US Intro “TDM” in US Major National Programs

511 Traveler Information Best Workplaces for Commuters High Occupancy Vehicle & Toll Lanes (HOV/HOT)

Commuter Benefits TDM and Trends

ACT Is…ACT Is…

850 members TDM professionals Public Agencies Non-Profits Employers Universities

State / Local Govts. MPOs, DOTs TMAs, TMOs Consultants Turner, Disney, Microsoft,

Starbucks, Best Buy, Wal-Mart, Bayer, Safeway

ACT Provides…ACT Provides…

Advocacy Networking Timely publications Research Access Conferences Regional Chapters Awards Partnerships

ACT - Issue FocusACT - Issue Focus

Councils Employer TMA Vanpool Public Policy University Telework 511 HOT/HOV

ACT ServicesACT Services

Publications TDM e-Review TDM Review Special Publications “Members-Only” Web site

National Conferences

ACT PartnersACT Partners

US DOT: FHWA, FTA US EPA - BWC Program

AMPO, AASHTO, APTA, GSA, Telework Exchange, NCTR, ITS-A, ITAC, AARP

State/Local level ACT - UK (Canada, Neth, Aus/NZ, Japan?)

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

What is TDM? Strategies to influence travel behavior by mode, time of day, cost, route, or frequency to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, and to improve the efficiency of the existing transportation system.

Strategies-Mode

Transit Walk Bike Vanpool Carpool Telework

Time, Route, Location

Flextime, staggered work hours, compressed work week

Real time or advanced route planning services

“Live near your Work” worksite location and design

On site services

TDM - Who? PeopleTDM - Who? People Transportation Planners - Governments Environmental, air quality officials Non-profit service providers, TMAs Human Resources managers Parking and transportation managers Real estate and facilities managers Business Districts (BIDs, CIDs) Telework managers / trainers Public transportation managers Rideshare coordinators Employers Public relations / marketing officials Vendors (vanpools, information providers,

shuttles, transit benefits)

TDM - What?TDM - What?

Market-based Initiatives Direct marketing Employer outreach and training Web site resources and information Incentives, rewards, PR campaigns and promotions

Disincentives (regulations) Pricing Strategies Locally targeted Measured and evaluated

TDM - How?TDM - How?

Publicly funded local programs (CMAQ mainly)

(Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality funds)

Regional / local contracted programs through non-profits

Employer sponsored HR or benefits programs or transportation programs

Voluntary programs mainly Regulated programs (limited, CA, WA, OR; or local ordinances)

TDM-When?

NOW

The time is right- High gas prices Economic & political climate Congestion costs rising Environmental concerns

TDM Motivation(s)TDM Motivation(s)

Public/Govt: Reduce Congestion Improve System

Performance Reduce Energy Dependence Improve Air Quality

TDM “air credit” in Atlanta, Houston, Dallas only

Calif AQ mandates removed

Individual: Quality of Life Money Savings Less on Enviro/AQ

MORE PRODUCTIVE

ACCOMPLISHMENT

DO OTHER THINGS

LESS STRESS

CAN BUY OTHER THINGS

FREEDOM / INDEPENDENCE

Strategic Positioning - Individual

PERSONAL HAPPINESS

PEACE OF MIND

SAVES ME TIME

SAVES ME MONEY

SOCIALIZE

LESS POLLUTION

HEALTHY

IN CONTROL (CONTROL / QUALITY OF LIFE)

PERSONAL SAFETY

LEVERAGE POINT

CARPOOL OR VANPOOL

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

SINGLE OCCUPANCY

VEHICLE

E-COMMERCE

TELE-COMMUTING

WALKING

TDM MotivationsTDM Motivations

TDM: Recognition of value and benefits; incentives effective, DC shift in marketing; short vs long-term debate

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50

100

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200

250

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350

5/1/2005 7/1/2005 9/1/2005 11/1/2005

Atlanta Cash for Commuters incentives registrations

Gas $ spikesGas $ spikes

511 From Vision to Phone Call

KentuckyKentucky

FloridaFlorida

NebraskaNebraska

UtahUtah

San FranciscoSan Francisco

IowaIowa

An “easy to remember” abbreviated three-digit dialing code and website URL Phone – a “speed dial” to a ten-digit telephone number

Web – used to “co-brand” traveler information services

What is 511?What is 511?

Background

511 Deployment Status

= 511 Operational (“Live”)

Alaska

HawaiiPuertoRico

D.C.

= Expect 2007 Launch

as of May 1, 2006

Accessible by 74%of Population in 2007

511 Deployment Status

511 Calls by Category of Information 6/21/01 through 5/31/06

4.89%

18.64%

24.55%

46.05%

76.00%

Transit:

Construction:

Weather:

Road Conditions:

Traff ic:

Arizona Sacramento / Northern California San Francisco Bay Area Southeast Florida Utah Colorado (Planning)

511 Deployment Status

Rideshare, Car / Van PoolRideshare, Car / Van Pool

Information on 5 of 30 ServicesInformation on 5 of 30 Services

Effective Practices –Ridesharing

Enhanced content Generally most

appropriate in dense urban areas

Effective Practices: San Francisco Bay Area Service offered on

both web and phone Callers can be

transferred to a ride-sharing service based on their location

Website users set schedules, addresses, transportation preferences

The Program: Voluntary business-government partnership to ease traffic congestion, save fuel, improve national energy security, and reduce ozone forming pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions

The Challenge: Reduce single occupancy vehicle commuting by getting employers to offer employees the “National Standard of Excellence” for commuter benefits

National Coordinating Activity -Employer Best Practices

National Coordinating Activity -Employer Best Practices

Offer commuter benefits package• Emergency Ride Home• One of four Primary Options

• Three or more Supporting Options

Meet performance benchmark

Report success to EPA

Coordinate communication• Designate point of contact• Centralize information• Communicate commuter benefits

Criteria for National Criteria for National Standard of Excellence for Standard of Excellence for Commuter BenefitsCommuter Benefits

Criteria for National Criteria for National Standard of Excellence for Standard of Excellence for Commuter BenefitsCommuter Benefits

Primary options (choose 1)• $30 transit/vanpool subsidy• Parking cash out• 6% or greater telecommuting

Over 3,500,000 commuters covered by end of 2006 Nationwide 1600+ Best Workplaces for Commuters

employers

Congestion relief 4.1 billion vehicle miles traveled reduced

Annual energy and pollution savings: 207+ million gallons gasoline 3,500+ tons N0x 1.8 million metric tons CO2

Metro campaigns in 2006 will include:Phoenix; Tucson; Dallas (North Texas); Houston; New England; Triangle Region, NC; SF Bay Area; Sacramento; South Florida; WA State

Different levels of success and penetration across country

Program Results Program Results

HOV/HOT/Priced LanesHOV/HOT/Priced Lanes

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) High Occupancy Toll (HOT)

Enhance System Efficiency and Throughput Express bus network; Bus Rapid Transit Vanpools and carpools encouraged

Add System Revenue / Finance Challenges Long-Term: Pricing Network and Variable Tolls

HOV/HOT/Priced LanesHOV/HOT/Priced Lanes

Pricing(to manage demand)

Tolling (for financing)

Value Pricing PilotExpress LanesHOV to HOT

Public-Private InitiativesInterstate Pilots: -Construction -Reconstruction(Chicago Skyway)

HOVHOV/HOT/Priced Lanes/HOT/Priced Lanes

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes Options:

HOV-2, HOV-3 or greater Time Limited (peak period) Reversible (A.M. and P.M.) Dedicated Lanes Priced SOV for Alternative Fueled Vehicle

HOV/HOV/HOTHOT/Priced Lanes/Priced Lanes

High Occupancy Toll Lanes Congestion Pricing, Value Pricing Options: Variable Pricing (peak and off-peak) Distance Based Discount/Free for Carpoolers Electronic Recording

Priced Lanes Have Worked

SR 91 - Southern Calif.

Toll-payers save 20-30 minutes

Trip time is reliable

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10

20

30

40

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60

70

Priced Free

Speed(mph)

Priced Lanes Have Worked

SR 91 - So Cal.:

HOT lanes carry more vehicles per lane

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400

800

1,200

1,600

Priced Free

Vehiclesper lane

Commuter Benefits

Internal Revenue Service Code Section 132(f) (US tax authority)

Qualified Transportation Fringes Requires employer involvement Permits employers to subsidize employees’ transit and vanpool costs

Allows commuters to use pre-tax dollars to pay for transit and vanpool costs (or combination employer and employee)

Where Do Tax Savings Come From? Employees can save potentially on three

types of taxes Federal income tax State income tax Federal payroll tax (FICA)

Employers can save on two types of taxes Federal payroll taxes (FICA) Employee salary write-off on

corporate income taxes

Maximum Tax-Free Benefits $105 per month for transit $105 per month for commuter highway

vehicles $205 per month for qualified parking

Eligible: Bus, Rail, Ferry, Subway, Shuttle bus, Subscription bus, vanpool

Ineligible: Walk, Bicycle, Carpool, Telecommute

TDM TrendsTDM Trends

Travel Behavior is Complex! Individuals/Consumers, Businesses, Governments, Transportation

System Emotional/Rational - Money, Environment, Energy, Security, Stress,

Quality of Life………

Trends & TDMTrends & TDM

Information: IM/TM, Craig’s list, Google Transit, Traffic.com

Vehicles: GPS, Telematics, Car Sharing, Pay-as-you-go insurance

Financing: Efficiency of Travel, Comparative Strategies, Tolling

Social / Individualized Marketing and Targeting More Work at Home / Telework Aging Boomers and Travel

TDM: +/- for Variety of Strategies and Options

Trends & TDMTrends & TDM

Energy: Spikes, Emergencies, Increased Recognition of Impact Workplace: More Employer Flexibility, More Employee Stress Emergency Preparedness/Biz Continuity: TDM as Tool for

Disasters, Bird Flu, Security More Health Impacts and Analysis (UK assessments) More Environmental (Climate Change) Focus Iraq, US Elections

TDM: +/- for Variety of Strategies and Options

ConclusionsConclusions

TDM is Not in Isolation Consider/Promote Costs & Trade-offs TDM is Tool - Not an Outcome Target Local Programs to Market & Conditions Coordinate, Integrate with Other Tools/Strategies Work at Various Levels

Employers Consumer / Individual Government - All Levels

TDM & TechnologyTDM & Technology

Personal: Cell phones, PDA, Telework Community: ITS, 511, Traveler Information, Broadband

expansion Vehicle: GPS, DVDs, MPGs, AFVs, Telematics, Car

sharing Transportation System: 511, ITS, Tolling

TDM: Info and services for decision making and behavior change; San Fran 511, Car sharing, Wi-fi on trains; TW platforms;IMing, new businesses

TDM & Transportation TDM & Transportation Financing/Funding Financing/Funding

Always Under Scrutiny Decrease in Gas Tax Revenue HOT/Congestion Pricing Public-Private, CIDs, Cost Sharing Homeland Security

TDM: Find champion, provide relevance, identify creative financing mechanisms, demonstrate results in $ terms, private shuttles growing, bulk discount cuts

TDM & Transportation TDM & Transportation SystemSystem

Management & Operations Reliability / Predictability / Efficiency Cost Efficiency Community Impact

TDM: NTOC, Lack of standard data, relative impact versus others, “soft factors,” complementary of all modes, one of many solutions

TDM & Communities,TDM & Communities,Health, Obesity, AgingHealth, Obesity, Aging

Land Use Incorporating Options Livable Communities Growing Correlation of Travel and Health/Obesity Population Growing Boomer and Mobility Needs Shifting

TDM: Opportunities for new partnerships, markets, messages; land use challenges remain

TDM & Workforce EnvironmentTDM & Workforce Environment

Distributed workplaces Technology allows mobility Employee Flexibility Requested Increased Employer Involvement Transportation Seen as Benefit Businesses Emerge to Serve TDM Used as Business Continuity Tool

TDM: TW, communications, flex schedules, benefits, COOP, new business opportunities (iWork, s/w, devices, info services); employee management concerns

TDM & Emergency Preparedness, TDM & Emergency Preparedness, Biz Continuity, COOPBiz Continuity, COOP

Evacuation Planning - New Orleans, Houston Homeland Security Preparedness Business Continuity, Service Disruption Weather / Natural Events London Bombings NYC Transit Strike Bird Flu, SARS, Pandemics

TDM: TW major option, TDM relevant tools; FL TW program; learn from businesses; security funds and state/local planning

TDM & EnergyTDM & Energy

Recognition of Gas Price Impact Technology vs Behavior Benefits Alternatives & Options: TW, CP, VP Spikes Differ from Gradual Rise

TDM & EnergyTDM & Energy

TDM: Recognition of value and benefits; incentives effective, DC shift in marketing; short vs long-term debate

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50

100

150

200

250

300

350

5/1/2005 7/1/2005 9/1/2005 11/1/2005

Atlanta Cash for Commuters incentives registrations

TDM & Research, TDM & Research, Measurement/EvaluationMeasurement/Evaluation

ROI and Operational Efficiency Comparative Strategies National Standard Data Lacking Individualized and Social Marketing

TDM: Increasing R&M; evaluation required; need standard data; helps to focus programs; individualized and social marketing growing