Logística e Infraestructura de Transporte: Clave de la ...Logística e Infraestructura de...
Transcript of Logística e Infraestructura de Transporte: Clave de la ...Logística e Infraestructura de...
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Logística e Infraestructura de Transporte:
Clave de la Competitividad Presented to:
XV Congreso Anual Latinoamericano de Puertos
28 de junio, 2006Hilton Colón Hotel
Guayaquil, Ecuador
Presented by:Robert West
Managing DirectorGlobal Trade & Transportation
Global Insight781-301-9078
CIP/OAS
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2Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Agenda
• Global issues and trends affecting the world and U.S. economic outlooks
• Implications for sea trade in the U.S. and Latin America
• Are we ready – can we compete?
• Conclusions
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Key Global Issues and Trends
• Will higher oil prices derail the recovery?
• Will the dollar crash?
• China: Hard or soft landing?
• New and important players?
NO - Not at $70-75
NO, but . . .
SOFT
YES, A FEW . . .
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Has world economic growth peaked? - - - yes, but…
0
1
2
3
4
5
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(Percent change, real GDP)
The world economy is in recession when real GDP growth is below 2%.
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Container trade normally grows faster than the world economy. This year should be very healthy.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
World TEUs
2006GDP 3.7% TEUs 8.2%
2006GDP 3.7% TEUs 8.2%
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While all regions have increased trade, growth is uneven
Trade growth is influenced by factors beyond the underlying demand for consumption goods.
• Global logistics sourcing by industry
• Emergence of global trading blocks
• Growth of regional trade facilitation
• Harmonization of trade and regulatory policies
• Trade security standards and information flows
• Increasing freight traffic and congestion along trade corridors and at ports and border crossings
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Trade is linked to real GDP growth - uneven across the world – and emerging markets grow fastest.
0
2
4
6
8
NAFTA OtherAmericas
WesternEurope
EmergingEurope
Japan Other Asia Mideast &Africa
2004 2005 2006 2007
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Europe in the long term – a great museum?
… and the visitors will come from China!
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Growth is not uniform: Market shifts are coming and will affect U.S. trade and transportation
(Country GDP Rank in Billions of Real (2003) U.S. Dollars)
ItalyItalyItalyBrazilBrazilRussiaFranceFranceBrazilItalyRussiaIndia
GermanyGermanyFranceRussiaIndiaBrazilU.K.U.K.GermanyFranceItalyChina
RussiaBrazilU.K.IndiaFranceItaly
BrazilRussiaRussiaU.K.ChinaFrance
JapanJapanIndiaGermanyU.K.U.K.IndiaIndiaJapanJapanGermanyGermany
U.S.ChinaChinaChinaJapanJapan
ChinaU.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.U.S.
205020402030202020102000
Source: Global Insight World Service
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Asia is 2/3 of global container trade.
TRANSTRANS--PACIFIC PACIFIC 19.3 million TEU19.3 million TEU
10.8 % Growth10.8 % Growth
ASIAASIA--EUROPE EUROPE 12.1 million TEU12.1 million TEU
12.2% Growth12.2% Growth
TRANSTRANS--ATLANTIC ATLANTIC 5.4 million TEU5.4 million TEU
5.7% Growth5.7% Growth
INTRAINTRA--ASIA ASIA 26.2 million TEU26.2 million TEU
(including Australia, (including Australia, Indian Subcontinent and Indian Subcontinent and
Middle East)Middle East)
10.0% Growth10.0% Growth
World Container Trade Flow 2005 E-W = 43% Intra Asia = 31%
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The U.S. expansion is entering a new phase –a significant slowdown is here.
• The U.S. economy had strong momentum entering 2006.• 5.3% in the first quarter• Just 2.7% in the second!
• Consumer spending growth will slow in response to higher interest rates, high energy prices, and a weak housing market.
• Home sales and construction are declining as affordability deteriorates; hurricane rebuilding will cushion the fall.
• Business investment is now leading the expansion, supported by record profits and global market growth, especially Asia.
• Non-residential construction is poised to grow, at last.• Further dollar depreciation is expected, so exports will
improve.
A Fast Start and A Slow Finish in 2006
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(Annual percent change, 2000 dollars) (Unemployment rate - %)
The U.S. economic expansion is slowing quickly.
-2
0
2
4
6
8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092
3
4
5
6
7
Real GDP Growth Unemployment Rate
Real GDP
2006: 3.4%
2007: 2.6%
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A Record U.S. Current Account Deficit – over $800 billion as far as the eye can see.
-1,000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010-8
-6
-5
-3
-2
0
2
Current Account Deficit Deficit as % of GDP
(Billions of dollars)
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The U.S. dollar will depreciate further – steady declines through 2008, due to huge current account deficits.
(2000=1.00)
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Industrial Countries Developing Countries
This could be 10-30% drop in the dollar.
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The U.S. was the engine of growth, but in 2006 this will shift to Asia. Asia is supporting world growth.
• Inflation remains under 4% in most Asian economies — exceptions include Indonesia, India, and the Philippines.
• High saving rates mean these economies will continue to be capital exporters - investors in ports and transportation infrastructure (even Canals?).
• China will have a soft landing.
• Exchange rates across Asia will rise as part of a global trade adjustment.
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U.S. TEU imports will still grow by 8% in 2006, and by 6.2% in 2007. Chinese imports will grow fastest.
China
Other Far East
US TEU Imports
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
European Union Latin Amer (Not Mexico) China + HK Other Far East Middle East + ISC
China was 1/3 of US imports in 2000 and will be ½ by 2010. China
Other Far East
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India could align with China and create a powerhouse from toys to high tech.
$800 billion GDP8%/year total TEU growth to 20106.8% GDP growth this year (2006)1.1 billion population is growing 1.5% annually
India and China Real GDP Growth Rates
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
India Real GDP China Real GDP
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China’s momentum is hard to slow down, but the government is trying - - - soft landing most likely.
1980 2004Real Per Capita GDP (2004$) $171 $964Real GDP as $ of US Level, 2004$ 3% 14%Real GDP growth in previous 20 years 5.3% 8.6%Population (millions) 981 1,300Trade's share of GDP 15% 85%Number of Supermarkets 0 70,000Current Account Surplus ($ billions) 1 266Agriculture's share of GDP 30% 15%Urbanization 20% 33%
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As China expands its markets, the U.S. becomes less important.
US Share of China Exports
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
TEU
s
29.0%
30.0%
31.0%
32.0%
33.0%
34.0%
35.0%
36.0%
37.0%
38.0%
39.0%
40.0%
US
Sha
re
World Total United States United States Share of Ch Exp
Source: Global Insight World Trade Model
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Market penetration in some sectors is reaching saturation …
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Footware Electrical Appliances and Houseware Textiles
Footwearr Electrical Appliances
Textiles
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But look at China’s penetration of new market segments.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Semi-conductors, Electronic Tubes,etc Office and Computing Machinery
Office and Computing Equipment
Semi-conductors, Electronic parts, etc.
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China Economic Summary
• There appears to be little risk at the macro-economic level. Even with a “soft landing’ we will see growth in excess of 8% GDP through 2010.
• The exchange rate will revalue smoothly.• The financial markets, although not exactly stable,
are also not seriously in danger of toppling.• So long as Foreign Direct Investment continues, we
will see the continuation of an export driven economy.
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Agenda
• Global issues and trends affecting the world and U.S. economic outlooks
• Implications for sea trade in the U.S. and Latin America
• Are we ready – can we compete?
• Conclusions
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China’s container exports continue to grow at double-digit rates – NAFTA’s share has hit 45%.
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
NAFTA World Total
TEU exports climb by 14.3% in 2006.
Source: Global Insight World Trade Model
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Mexico joins China’s million-TEU club
2010 2006-10United States 12,084,640 9.8%Japan 3,778,186 9.1%Mexico 2,798,144 15.5%South Korea 1,862,507 11.4%Germany 1,554,331 10.1%United Kingdom 1,447,126 11.2%
China/HK - Largest Export Markets
Mexico already imports 1.5 million full TEUs from China (2006).
Mexico is the fastest-growing large market for China/HK. Is Mexico prepared for this?
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Punt
a C
olon
et
Some Mexican alternatives are being discussed – to serve the US market. Even more attention if the Panama Canal is not expanded.
Lazaro Cardenas
Manzanillo
Alfa-Omega Line
• Container volumes will continue to grow.
• USWC port and rail congestion could return – 5 years?
• All-water service costs may go up.• There are wrinkles to iron out.
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Latin America’s sea trade is expected to grow in line with general world sea trade growth. Imports will outpace exports.
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Latin America Imports Latin America Exports
2006 Cr% 06 2005-10 2005-20Imports 4,429,737 6.1% 4.9% 4.4%Exports 6,811,160 6.3% 3.9% 3.3%
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When Mexico is added, the growth is enormous in the future. Imports from the Far East – shown below.
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
TEUs to Latin America - West Coast
West Coast South America Central America & Caribbean Mexico
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29Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Agenda
• Global issues and trends affecting the world and U.S. economic outlooks
• Implications for sea trade in the U.S. and Latin America
• Are we ready – can we compete?
• Conclusions
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Why do countries fail? 3 main reasons
1. DICTATORS• They cannot manage everything, especially people’s desire to eat
and be free
2. SHUTTING THE DOORS TO REST OF THE WORLD• Domestic costs grow out of proportion• Cannot take advantage of better products, lower prices, from
abroad• Customers are not satisfied – product selection is limited• Lack of foreign competition causes industries to stagnate• Investments from outside disappear
3. DISEASE
Source: U.S. Government, Central Intelligence Agency
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Keys to competitiveness
• Open all the doors to trade –• The more open, the better
• The ports and inland infrastructure must be made more productive and expanded in some cases.
• Asian ports have increased productivity much faster than European or U.S. ports.
1999 2004 CAGRAsian Ports 9,272 16,595 12.3%European Ports 4,284 6,396 8.3%U.S. Ports 2,894 4,018 6.8%
Source: John Vickerman, TransSystems, CI Database, Seaports of the Americas
TEUs/acre/year
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Container vessel wait time at LA/LB – a short interruption of service, affecting productivity, can cause . . .
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan-0
4Feb
-04
Mar-04
Apr-04
May-04
Jun-04
Jul-0
4Aug-04Sep
-04
Oct-04
Nov-04Dec-0
4
Jan-0
5Feb
-05Mar-
05
Apr-05
May-05
No. o
f Ves
sels
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Avg
Day
s at
Anc
hor
No of Container Ships at LA/LB that had to anchor awaiting a berth Average No. of Days at anchor
Source: John Vickerman, TranSystems, derived from data from Marine Exchange of Southern California
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… a fast shift by carriers to alternate routes. Here, carriers shifted to the US East Coast through the Panama Canal.
US Coastal Shares, from China, Japan, Taiwan, and S. Korea
46.0%
47.0%
48.0%
49.0%
50.0%
51.0%
52.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
USEC USWC
62% of the growth in US imports from North Asia shifted to the USEC in 2002 – fairly elastic.
And a $13 billion impact on the U.S. economy, in 10 days
Source: Global Insight World Trade Model
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34Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Ports are potential bottlenecks in the supply chain.
ProveedorProveedor FabricanteFabricante PuertoPuerto PuertoPuerto AlmacénAlmacén Distr. FinalDistr. Final
Información
ProveedorProveedor FabricanteFabricante PuertoPuerto PuertoPuerto AlmacénAlmacén Distr. FinalDistr. Final
Información
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35Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
There is a severe need to expand port capacity and throughput capability.
• By 2010, there will be a shortfall of 4.1 million TEUs just in the U.S.*• LA/LB is headed for a capacity crunch
• If port productivity remains unchanged, we will need 405 Ha of new container terminals.*
• Even if the Panama Canal is expanded, we will hit the capacity crunch before 2014.
* A. Scioscia, APM Terminals
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36Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
If more capacity is not provided in the ports in all of the Americas,
• Cost of containerized goods will rise.• “Just in time” will become a term used in
textbooks only.• Shippers and carriers will look for new
routes.• There will be winners and losers in the
port sector.
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37Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
What can we do?
• Ports should expand the terminals and yards.• This is difficult in many in-city ports
• Productivity should be improved, to reach the levels already achieved in Asia.
• New technology should be introduced in the yards.• At the berth• In the storage yard• At the gate – better information and weighing technology
• Labor and management should work together to allow new technology to be used in the ports.
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38Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
All of the stakeholders should come together . . .
Freight Stakeholders CoalitionFreight Stakeholders Coalition
Inland Rivers Ports & Terminals Assoc.
American Trucking Assocs..
Association of American Railroads
Coalition for America’s Gateways and Trade Corridors.
Intermodal Association of North America (IANA)
Waterfront Coalition
International Mass Retailers Assoc.
National Assoc. of Manufacturers
US Chamber of CommerceWorld Shipping Council
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39Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Agenda
• Global issues and trends affecting the world and U.S. economic outlooks
• Implications for sea trade in the U.S. and Latin America
• Are we ready – and can we compete?
• Conclusions
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40Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Bottom Line
• World economic growth will remain robust in 2006, but will slow by year end. Enjoy it now.
• Emerging markets of Asia and Europe will experience the strongest growth; the Eurozone and Japan will lag behind.
• Enormous growth in container traffic within the next 5 years will push many ports to their full capacity limits.
• The key to competitiveness is to expand port and inland infrastructure and make it more efficient.
• If the Panama Canal is not expanded, the entry points may expand to Canada and Mexico.
• Latin America’s competitiveness starts, and ends, with efficient infrastructure to move the containers that are coming . . .and, they are coming!!!!!
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41Copyright © 2006 Global Insight, IncCIP/OAS
Logística e Infraestructura de Transporte:
Clave de la Competitividad Presented to:
XV Congreso Anual Latinoamericano de Puertos
28 de junio, 2006Hilton Colón Hotel
Guayaquil, Ecuador
Presented by:Robert West
Managing DirectorGlobal Trade & Transportation
Global Insight781-301-9078