Logical Framework Analysis.pdf
Transcript of Logical Framework Analysis.pdf
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Logical Framework Analysis:
Concepts & Application
Team Member: Roll No.
Jayanta Guha 32
Kalyan Prasad 34Manoj Kumar Pradhan 37Muddassar Javed 40Sangeeta Mishra 49
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Background:
The logical framework approach (LFA) came into
existence in the planning and management ofdevelopment interventions over the last twenty years.
Its origins lie in a planning approach for the USmilitary, which was then adapted for the US spaceagency NASA.
Subsequently it was adopted by USAID (States Agencyfor International Development) for development
projects over thirty years ago.
It was picked up by European developmentorganisations in the 1980s.
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Background Continued
By the end of the 1990s the LFA had become the
standard approach required by many donors for grantapplications.
It is also widely known as Goal Oriented ProjectPlanning (GOPP) or Objectives Oriented ProjectPlanning (OOPP).
LFA is widely used by bilateral and multilateral donororganizations like , GTZ, SIDA, NORAD, DFID, UNDP,
EC and the Inter-American Development Bank.
It has also been widely adopted by NGOs, though notwithout reservations and concerns by some.
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What is a Logical Framework Analysis?
The purpose of LFA is to provide a clear and rational framework for planning
envisioned activities and determine how to measure a projects success,while taking external factors into account.
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Logical Framework Analysis:
The LFA is an analytical, presentational and
management tool which can help planners andmanagers
Analyze the existing situation during activity preparation
Establish a logical hierarchy of means by which
objectives will be reached Identify the potential risks to achieving the objectives,
and to sustainable outcomes
Establish how outputs and outcomes might best be
monitored and evaluated If desired, present a summary of the activity in a
standard format, and
Monitor and review activities during implementation.
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The LFA process for analyzing andplanning:
The log frame matrixStakeholder
analysis
SWOT analysisStrength Weaknesses
Opportunities ThreatsProblem analysis
Objectiveanalysis
Strategy analysis
Schedules
Reports
Project
strategy
Objectivelyverifiable
indicators
Sources of
VerificationAssumptions
OverallObjectives
Purpose
Results
Activities Means Cost
PRE CONDITION
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The nine steps of LFA analysis:
1 Analysis of projects Context 2 Analysis of Stakeholders
3 Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis
4 Objectives Analysis
5 Plan of Activities
6 Plan of Resources/Inputs
7 Indicators/measurements
8 Risk Analysis
9 Analysis of Assumptions
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Why different steps in LFA?
Check relevance; Step 1 4Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives analysis.Logical links between problems and solutions, Relevant tosupport? (in accordance with strategies and problems in thecountry/sector?)
Check feasibility; Step 5 7Plan of Activities, Resources/inputs and Indicators. Are theresources sufficient to achieve the objectives? (Resources:Personnel, time, funding, equipment)
Check sustainability; Step 8 9Risk analysis and Assumptions. If the project is sustainable,will the effects of the project remain without continuosexternal assistance outside?
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Common confusion - LFA & Logframe:
Logical Framework Approach is often confused with
the Logical Framework Matrix:
Logical Framework Approach (LFA) - is a project designmethodology.
Logical Framework Matrix (LF or Logframe) - is a documentwhich contains the project framework.
One common misuse of LFA is to design the project
first and to "fill in" the Logical Framework Matrix atthe end,
This is not recommended, as it defeats the whole purpose ofthe logical framework and the design methodology
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A Logframe Matrix:
Logframe Matrix aims to present information
about the key components of a project in aclear, concise, logical and systematic way.
It summarizes, in a standard format:
What the project is going to achieve? What activities will be carried out to achieve its outputs
and purpose?
What resources (inputs) are required?
What are the potential problems which could affect thesuccess of the project?
How the progress and ultimate success of the projectwill be measured and verified?
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Contents in a Logframe:
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Objectivly
variable
indicators
Sources of
Verification Assumptions
Overall
Objectives
Purpose
Results
Activities Means Cost
PRE
CONDITION
Log Frame Matrix:
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The Logframe Structure:
Vertical logic Identifies what the project itends to do and
achieve
Clarifies the causal relationships (means to
end) Specifies important assumptions and risks
Horizontal logic
Specifies indicators to measure progress
Identifies the sources / means by whichindicators will be verifies
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General sequence of completion:
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Relationship between assumption and
Objective hierarchy:
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Characteristics yes then logicalframework:
Summary Importantassumption
Goal
Purpose if and
Results if and
Activities if and
then
then
then
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Assessment of assumptions:
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A continuous two way verification:
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Who all should be involved?
The input to a log frame
should be a team effort, asmuch as possible.
If the log frame has to bewritten, adapted orchanged, it is important tofeed the detail back tofieldworkers, partners andother relevant stakeholderswherever they are.
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Process steps explained with anexample:
Problem:
Rice production is insufficient for the
population of village x
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Identifying key
problems, constraintsopportunities;
Determining
cause/effectrelationships
Constructing the
problem three
Identify thestakeholders affected in
the proposed project
1. Problem analysis:
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1. Problem analysis (example):
EFFECTS
CAUSES
The systemreceives
no
maintenance
The irrigation system is faulty
Some irrigationstructures
have been
destroyed
Support servicesfor farmers are not
available in the
area
The farmershave no
investment
capacity
Rice production is insufficientfor the population of village x
Agricultural practices are unsuitable
Problem tree
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1. Problem analysis (example):
Identifying stakeholders
PUBLICPRIVATE
MICRO
MACRO
Farmers
Agric. Ext.
services
MoA
FAO
Farmersgroups
NGO
Irrigation
Dept.Fertiliser
suppliers
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Developing solutions
from the identifiedproblem
Identifying means toend effectrelationship
Building theobjective tree
2. Objectives analysis:
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2. Analysis of objectives:
Transforming Problems into Objectives
Rice production is insufficient forthe population of village x
The irrigation
system is faulty
Agricultural practices
are unsuitable
The systemreceives
no maintenance
Some irrigation
structureshave been destroyed
Support services forfarmers
are not available
Farmers do not
haveinvestment capacity
Rice production is sufficient forthe population of village x
The irrigation
system is working
Agricultural practices
are appropriate
The systemreceives
proper maintenance
Support services forfarmers
are available
Damaged irrigation
structuresare repaired
Farmers have the
resources toinvest
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2. Analysis of objectives:
Objectives tree
MEANS
ENDS
Rice production is sufficient for
the population of village x
The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate
The systemreceives
proper
maintenance
Damagedirrigation
structures
are repaired
Support servicesfor farmers
are available
Farmers have theresources to
invest
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3. Analysis of strategy:
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVE(or project purpose)
EXPECTED
RESULTS
OVERALL
OBJECTIVE
CHOSEN STRATEGY
Rice production is sufficient for
the population of village x
The irrigation system is
working
Agricultural practices are
appropriate
The system
receives
propermaintenance
Damaged
irrigation
structuresare repaired
Support
services for
farmersare available
Farmers
have the
resourcesto invest
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4. The Log Frame: Indicators:
A baseline study might be needed to be able to
measure the final results.
The process of setting up indicators shows if the
objectives are vague.
Indicators should describe the:
Quantity, how much Quality, what kind of change
Time, by when
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Example of a good indicator
Objective: The irrigation system is working
The indicator should be SMART :
Specific = The irrigation pumps are functioning properly in
the project area Measurable = 50 of the irrigation pumps are functioningproperly in the project area
Acceptable = Is the indicator accepted by all the partnersinvolved in the implementation of the project ?
Relevant = Are the irrigation pumps the main problem? Time-bound = 100% of the irrigation pumps arefunctioning properly in the project area at the end of theproject
4. The log-frame:
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Selection of sources of verification
Administrative/ financial
report
Managementreport
Monitoringdata
Adaptedmonitoringstatistics
Interviews of
beneficiaries
Specialisedsurveys
Complexity
Cost
4. The log-frame:
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5. Risk a part of the log-frame:
Consider the various risks and
assumptions on your project:= external factors that may affect the projects
implementation and long-term sustainability
= synergetic activities made by other actors
Do not define assumptions that are endogenous to theproject and the scheduled activities !!
Only mention relevant hypothesis
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Logical framework
6. Activity-planning:
Plan of action
Year Year 1 By whom
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Activities
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Intervention logic of project + AssumptionsIN OUT
Overall
objective
Project
Purpose
Results
Activities
+
+
+
Assumptions
Assumptions
Assumptions
Pre-conditionsIf the activities are carried out,
and if assumptions are valid, then ...
7. Complete The log-frame:
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8. Resource-planning:
Year Year 1 By whom
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Plan of action
Means: BudgetHumanresources
Material/Equipment
Travel etc.
Means/Budget
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How the LFA method works
depends on its users
Thank You !
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Objectives - an example
Logical framework matrixPost harvest losses
Project description Indicators Sources of verification Assumptions
Overall objective:Improve theutilization of fisheriesand aquatic resourcesfor the benefit of the
current and futuregenerations.
Sustainable utilization of fishstocks. Strengthen possibilities ofincreased product value. Increased annual averageincome of fisher's household by
7% . Consistent and certified quality.
Annual stock sizemeasurements. Census among fishermen,exporters, sales outlets andcustomers. Quality control
measurements. Governmental exportreports. Sample household surveys.
Purpose/Immediat
e Objective:1. To minimize postharvest losses andimprove quality andsafety of fish productsto acceptablestandards.
10% increase in annual export
volume within the next 5 years. 10% annual increase in exportvalue within the next 5 years. 8% annual increase of fishsupply/production in domesticmarket within the next 5 years.
Governmental export
reports. Sample surveys amongfishermen, exporters, salesoutlets and customers. Sample household surveys.
Political stability.
Adequateinstitutional funding,Interest anddetermination. Sufficientstakeholder interest.
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A ti iti l
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Activities an exampleLogical framework matrixPost harvest losses
Project description IndicatorsSources ofverification
Assumptions
Activities:
1.1 Improved fishhandling1.1.1 Select 15-20 boatcrews that are willing to co-operate on improvements inonboard fish handling1.1.2. Design a short
training course in fishhandling for fishers.1.1.3 Train fishers on howto handle fish onboard.1.1.4 Install temperaturemonitoring device onboard.1.1.5 Initiate installment of
cold chain procedure.1.1.6 etc.
Indicators
Short training course (STC) hasbeen designed and course materialis ready for printing. 10 locations have been selectedto hold STC and 5 localcoordinators have been hired toundertake practical preparations. 10 instructors have been hiredto teach the STC. Etc.Input Training coordinator Technical adviser Travel and training costs Cost of new temperaturemonitoring equipment Funding of a report onassessment on current "modusoperandi" in Sri Lankan fisheries
Include cost for
activity here.
Inadequate willingness
to seek changes andimprovement Lack of follow-up Insufficient importanceon qualitycontrolled/orientateddecision making