LOGIC - 2B
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Transcript of LOGIC - 2B
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Terms
iib
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terminus
end point
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Term, definition
external expression of idea
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A Case in Point
Terming, then, is naming the idea.
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Kinds of Term
Comprehension Extension
Manner of Meaning
Manner of Relation
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Comprehension
Abstract
Concret
e
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Abstract
• is one that presents to the mind a form (perfection or attribute) as separated from its subject (such as humanity, height, complexion, and appearance). It does not express what a subject is, but what makes a subject what it is.
e.g. animality - it expresses the perfection that makes an animal an animal.
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Love Justice
Spirituality
Excellence Humanity
Goodness
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langit-lupa-impiyerno
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Concrete
• is one that presents to the mind a form as inherent in a subject. It presents to the mind both a form (i.e., a perfection or attribute) and the subject in which that form (perfection or attribute) is embodied.
• Tall, dark, blue
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Concrete Terms
• The demonstrative pronouns this and that before any term.
• All adjectives signify concrete concepts even if they are used to modify an abstract noun.
• Matter + Form
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Extension
Singular
Universal
Particular
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Singularif it stands for one individual or group and designates that
individual or group definitely.
1. Proper Names 2. Superlatives3. Demonstrative Pronouns “THIS/THAT”
4. Personal Pronoun 5. Collective Nouns 6. Definite Article “THE”
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Particularif it stands for an indeterminately designated portion of its absolute extension.
1. Positive Quantifiers (SEVERAL, SOME, MOST, A MAJORITY OF, MINORITY OF, MANY, A NUMBER OF…)
2. Negative Quantifier “NOT ALL”
3. Indefinite Article “A OR AN”
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Universal if it stands for each of the subjects to which it can be applied.
1. Positive Quantifiers (ALL, WITHOUT EXCEPTION, EVERY)
2. Negative Quantifier NO
3. Definite Article THE
4. Indefinite Article A OR AN
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Universal
EXPLICIT • With a quantifier
IMPLICIT • Without a quantifier
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Manner of Meaning
Univocal(applied in their inferiors in exactly
the same sense)
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Analogous
Attribution
Proportionalit
y
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Manner of Relation
Contradictoryare terms so related that the one is the simple negation of
the other.
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Contrary
Immediately Opposed
Mediately Opposed
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End.