Personal LogOther group 4 projectsAndres bereznevGlobal warming, involve the 3 sciences. They came up with how the albedo affects the melting glaciers in Cotopaxi and perito Moreno. The albedo effect is a measure of reflecting of a surface, is a measure of how much of suns energy is reflected to space, it has a cooling effect. For chemistry what causes they change in molecules, salt water and fresh water, biology what is the ecological effect, physics an experiment consist of how much energy is required to melt ice cube in different background. See different factors trying to put black dust to see different changes. Earth is dyingInvestigating the idea of food production and distribution basically turned into a question, to what extent does the packaging as part of the food distribution change is unsustainable to some resources. 3 different experiments which consider the packaging as independent variable, dependent of second was the temperature, how an apple decomposes though time depending of its packaging different types of packing, aluminum, black plastic, vacuum. Same packaging in the first one but second one they will change the temperature. Weight differences of the part of the apple that is decomposed. The benedict measures the different starch levels and how much turns into glucose before and after. Measure the PH levels and see how it changed. QuestionTo what extent does the packaging as part of the food distribution change unsustainable to some resources.

Concept of InvestigationWhen an apple decomposes and is exposed to oxygen it turns brown and releases ethylene gas and there is a change in a starch to sugar ratio

InvestigationAn (a quarter)apple will be put through different packagingaluminium,transparent polythene bag,black polythene bag,no packaging,vacuum.

There will be 3 experiments under different temperature conditions (Independent)room temperaturefridgeunder lamp light

To measure decay we will do 3 main tests before and after (dependent)PH testDestructive Method (mass before compared to after decay has been scrapped off)Benedict Test (Sugar Starch ratio)

Control variabletimeroughly massroughly surface area exposed to aircoverage of packaging

Our group 4 projectEverything up to June 4 (experimentation day) is collaborative everyone participated, meaning no one had an specific job, we worked as a team discussing and creating conclusions.Now you know First plan June 1: Oil Cleaning:

SurfactantWe need different surfactants

Surface tension of oil vs surface tension of water, That is what causes the separation ( It is so difficult)

Obesity ( Ketchup, coke, Juices ): Measure the

General Information still deciding what our topic will be and how we are going to investigate itDid a concept/Mind map of our ideas.

June 2: Decided we are going to do obesityOBESITY:- Level of obesity in ecuador- ASK the consumption of, sales revenue of natura, mc donalds orange jucie and homemade juice in markets- See the energy calories, measure them in each of the juices- Impact on obesity, the amount required for the three drinks to balance in energy calories- Calories per day do people burn, link it to different exercises Provide an alternative drink that provides energy with the less amount of sugars posibleProve how homemade juice by itself, without any added sugar, compares to the artificial juices. Different recommendations on obesity. The amount needed to fulfill calories needed HOMEMADE: ORANGE, BLACKBERRY, LEMONADE-INDEPENDENT VARIABLE, ADDED OR NOT ADDEDSAME BRAND FOR THE THREE FLAVOR OF JUICES MUST BE BOUGHTVARIABLES, WATER+SUGARWeight itBurn, heat produced, caloriemetre, heat wter mcp deltat=delta heat, energy with work done APPARATUS:100ML BEAKERS X124 THERMOMETRESCALORIEMTRE3L WATERHALF POUND SUGAR6 PIPETTESWEIGHING BALANCEUNIVERSAL INDICATOR, ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY , MORE SUGAR, LESS ACID AND ALKALI10 ORANGES10 LEMONSHALF POUND BLACKBERRYJUICE EXCTRACTORBLENDERBUNSEN BURNERTRIPODSTIRRING PODS 3 different types of juices, supermaxi NATURA, mc donalds, homemade no sugar, wter with sugar Boil the three juices, how much of the sugar is left and then weight INSULATED TIN OF WATER Provide which one is the best Calories, caloriemetre

June 3 Developing an introduction, abstract and hypothesis

INTRODUCTION:Obesity is defined as An increase in body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirement, as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Nowadays, obesity has become a global issue in Ecuador. 59% of the adults in Ecuador, suffer from obesity and 12% of the children age 8 and above are obese as well. One cause of this obesity is due to the excess of sugar people now take, the excess of sugar becomes fat if the minimum amount of exercise done per day is not met. Hence, this investigation wants to explore by comparing drinks at a Supermarket, Vivant with added sugars with homemade juices of the same flavour; blackberry, orange and lemon.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this investigation was to establish the calorific value between artificially sweetened drinks with homemade fruit juices. Vivant Brand was used with the flavours of Blackberry, lemon and orange. The same fresh fruit was used for the homemade juices. An scale was used to compare the same amount of sugar in the artificial drink with the amount of sugar in the homemade drink. The two types of drinks were burnt until concentrated sugars were left, this remainder was then grinded into powder until it had a mass of 0.60g. This powder was then heated and put in the calorimeter to measure the calories for each drink. After this, the calories were then put in the potential energy=mgDelta H to see the work that has to be done to burn the sugars in order to prevent them from turning into fat. All of this relates to obesity as when there is not enough exercise done, the sugars will turn into fat.

HYPOTHESIS:The following hypotheses were predicted: Homemade juices will have less calories than vivants artificial flavoured juices due to the fact that artificial flavoured drinks use sweeteners such as sucralose. Vivants artificial flavoured juices will require more energy to prevent the sugars from becoming fat due to the fact that there will be the need to burn more calories to burn the sugars. All of this relates to obesity as people in Ecuador consume artificial flavoured drinks more and less homemade juices, despite this the exercise done per day per people is not the required amount of exercise that needs to be done to burn the calories in the sugar. Hence leading this excess of sugar turning into fat.

June 4 experimentation day and writing the experiment Emilio Yarad in charge of all research (obesity levels, how much calories a person burns in a day etc.)Jhosue and Wagner (me) making the homemade juices and helping extract the concentration of sugar after boiled.Patricia and Emilia creating the samples in order to boil them and developing specific calculations to have a fair investigation with same amounts of sugar

Apparatus: APPARATUS: 100ML BEAKERS X12 THERMOMETRE CALORIMETER 3L WATER HALF POUND SUGAR 6 PIPETTES WEIGHING BALANCE UNIVERSAL INDICATOR, ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY , MORE SUGAR, LESS ACID AND ALKALI 10 ORANGES 10 LEMONS HALF POUND BLACKBERRY JUICE EXTRACTOR BLENDER VIVANT JUICE, FLAVOUR; BLACKBERRY, LEMON AND ORANGE 6 SPATULAS 6 CERAMIC BASES 6 PETRI DISHES 6 MORTARS 30 CM RULER 6 100ml measuring cylinders

Method: Prepare the homemade juices Take 10 oranges, using the juice extractor extract the orange juice Using the measuring cylinder, measure 30ml of orange juice Pour the orange juice into the 100ml beaker Using the measuring cylinder, measure 30ml of water Pour the water in the same beaker of the orange juice Using the stirring pod mix, the water and orange juice for 15 seconds Using the weighing balance, measure 5grams of sugar Pour sugar and mix well in the beaker with the orange juice Label this beaker HM Orange Juice Take the blackberry, put it in the blender Blend the blackberry for 1 minute, no water must be added Using the sifter, sift the blackberry juice until no seeds are left Using the measuring cylinder, measure 30ml of blackberry juice and pour it in the 100ml beaker Using the measuring cylinder measure 30ml of water and pour it in the same beaker Mix it well using the stirring rodf for 15 seconds Using the weighing balance measure 4,25 grams of sugar Pour it in the same beaker, mix it well for 30 seconds Label this beaker HM Blackberry juice Using the juice extractor, extract the 10 lemons, no water must be added Using a measuring cylinder measure 30 ml of lemon juice and pour it in the 100ml beaker Using a measuring cylinder measure 30 ml of water and pour it in the same beaker Mix it well using the stirring rod for 15 seconds Using the weighing balance, measure 4,25 grams of sugar Pour it in the same beaker, mix it well for 30 seconds Label this beaker HM Lemon Juice Open the three bottles of Vivant Juices Pour 60ml of every drink using the measuring cylinder to three 100ml beakers Label each of the beakers, depending on the flavour as; Vivant Lemon Juice, Vivant orange juice and Vivant Blackberry juice Once the 6 solutions are ready, light up 6 bunsen burners Put the six solutions on top Wait for the until all of the liquid has evaporated and concentrated sugar is left Meanwhile set up the calorimeter Once the solutions have evaporated and the condensed sugar is left use clamps to hold the beaker and pour it into a ceramic base, let it dry until it is hard Transfer this onto a petri dish Using the mortar, grind the remaining substance until it is powdery Using the spatula take the powder Using the weighing balance measure it has a mass of 5grams Light the powder by burning it with the bunsen burner Put the powder 3cm away from the calorimeter using a ruler Record initial and final temperature onto data table Repeat the same process for the 5 remaining substances Record any observations on data table

June 7 everyone collaborating in the Scientifict poster, created an evaluation table and a definitive conclusion.CONCLUSION: As it was expected, Vivant juices have more calories than homemade juices as it was seen, the graph shows all of the homemade juices to have less calories than Vivant juices. In the work done table, it was able to observe that more work done needs to be done to burn the calories in the artificial flavored juices than homemade juices.ErrorImprovement

Distance from substance in fire to the calorimeter The time wasted in setting the substance on fire Assuming that the remaining substances mass from the juices was the same when it was put for the calorimeter Measuring the juices volume, error of +/- 0.5 Assuming that the homemade juice had the same amount of water and juice as the artificial flavoured juice Some substances were burnt more than expected Using a ruler next to time to see that the substance had the same distance from the spoon to the calorimeter Placing the bunsen burner closer to the calorimeter so that the remaining substance can be lit correctly, leading to less time wasted Using a weighing balance to measure that the mass was the same for all of the tested samples Repeating the experiment for the same sample, three times to compare the results and get an average If more time is able, go to the company of the artificial flavoured drinks and see the process and the amount of water put. Have one person in charge of every substance in the bunsen burner, in order to avoid any extra burning.