Locomotion and Movement Skeletal System
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Locomotion And Movement Classification of Bones Structure of a Bone Skeletal System - Functions Bones Based on Location Based on Shape Bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon form the Skeletal System. • Provides shape and framework • Helps in movement and locomotion • Protects delicate organs, like rib cage protects heart and lungs • Axial Skeleton: skull, rib cage, vertebral column • Appendicular Skeleton: upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle Types of Cartilage • Hyaline: helps surfaces slide over one another, found in respiratory system • Fibro: provides support and strength, found in healing tissue during bone repair • Elastic: maintains shape, found in middle ear Cartilage • Made up of collagen and elastin fibres • Cartilage contains no blood supply • Chondroblasts: Cells that form cartilage • Chondrocytes: Mature cells of the cartilage • Chondrocytes lie in lacunae in the matrix • Perichondrium: Outer layer of cartilage Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton • Each bone tissue is made up of two types of osseous tissue: compact and spongy • Compact bone: hard, compact, found towards the outside of the bone • Spongy bone: soft, found towards the centre • Periosteum: connective tissue found on the outside of the bone, attaches muscles and joints • Endosteum: connective tissue, line the marrow cavity • Diaphysis: shaft of a bone, contains marrow • Epiphysis: swollen end of a bone • Epiphyseal line demarcates diaphysis and epiphysis • Blood cells are produced in marrow • Osteoblasts form bone matrix and osteocytes are the mature cells of bones • Osteoclasts: special gigantic cells, help to maintain, repair, remodel bones • Matrix of a bone made up of organic part and inorganic part (hydroxyapatite) • Long bones: long, slender, eg. humerus, femur • Short bones: smaller in size, eg. carpals, tarsals • Flat bones: thin and flat but all are not completely flat, eg. scapula, sternum • Irregular bones: no specific shape, eg. vertebrae • We have 206 bones which forms more than 200 joints in our body • A new born child has 305 bones Skeletal System Cartilage Epiphyseal line Medullary cavity Nutrient vessel Bone marrow Spongy bone Diaphysis Endosteum Periosteum Compact bone Epiphysis
Transcript of Locomotion and Movement Skeletal System
Locomotion And Movement
Classi�cation of Bones
Structure of a Bone
Skeletal System - Functions Bones
Based on Location Based on Shape
Bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon form the Skeletal System.
• Provides shape and framework• Helps in movement and locomotion• Protects delicate organs, like rib cage protects heart and lungs
• Axial Skeleton: skull, rib cage, vertebral column• Appendicular Skeleton: upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle
Types of Cartilage
• Hyaline: helps surfaces slide over one another, found in respiratory system• Fibro: provides support and strength, found in healing tissue during bone repair• Elastic: maintains shape, found in middle ear
Cartilage• Made up of collagen and elastin fibres• Cartilage contains no blood supply• Chondroblasts: Cells that form cartilage• Chondrocytes: Mature cells of the cartilage• Chondrocytes lie in lacunae in the matrix• Perichondrium: Outer layer of cartilage
Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton
• Each bone tissue is made up of two types of osseous tissue:
compact and spongy
• Compact bone: hard, compact, found
towards the outside of the bone
• Spongy bone: soft, found towards the
centre
• Periosteum: connective tissue found on
the outside of the bone, attaches
muscles and joints
• Endosteum: connective tissue, line the
marrow cavity
• Diaphysis: shaft of a bone, contains
marrow
• Epiphysis: swollen end of a bone
• Epiphyseal line demarcates diaphysis and epiphysis
• Blood cells are produced in marrow
• Osteoblasts form bone matrix and osteocytes are the mature cells of bones
• Osteoclasts: special gigantic cells, help to maintain, repair, remodel bones
• Matrix of a bone made up of organic part and inorganic part (hydroxyapatite)
• Long bones: long, slender, eg. humerus, femur• Short bones: smaller in size, eg. carpals, tarsals• Flat bones: thin and flat but all are not completely flat, eg. scapula, sternum• Irregular bones: no specific shape, eg. vertebrae
• We have 206 bones which forms more than 200 joints in our body• A new born child has 305 bones
Skeletal System
Cartilage
Epiphyseal line
Medullary cavity
Nutrient vessel
Bone marrow
Spongy bone
Diaphysis
Endosteum
Periosteum
Compact bone
Epiphysis
