8th Grade Research Project

8th Grade ResearchLocating Information Sources, Reliable Sources, Plagiarism, Using Search Directories, and Internet Searching Strategies1For the Edgar Allan Poe UnitPrimary and Secondary SourcesEvaluating reliability of web resourcesWhy Wikipedia is not a reliable sourceHow you SHOULD use WikipediaImage and video use = copyright and citationSecondary SourcesAfter the eventScholars who did not directly participate in the eventCollective research published to informEncyclopedias, non fiction books, reference books, most websites, magazines, news papers, etc.All FictionSecondary Source SampleAnother Secondary Source

Primary SourcesOriginal records At the time historical events occurred

Examples:Memoirs, journals, diaries, letters, blogsWritten by people who witnessed or experienced the event first handOpinion pieceseditorials in newspapers, speechesInterviewsGovernment documents - Congress or the Office of the PresidentPhotographs, audio recordings, documentaries, video recordings, data, artifacts (art, buildings, tools, weapons)Primary Source ExampleAnother Primary Source

Secondary or PrimaryVisit each of these sources and determine if the source is Secondary or Primary.

Source #1Source #2Source #3Source #4Source #5

How to Search the Internet?Know key words associated to your topicTry to use only nouns in your search fieldUse no more than three words in your search fieldUse reputable search engines that rank your results by reliability and popularity, I will require you to use Google10Advanced Search in Google

Narrow your focus by eliminating unneeded sites

11Advanced SearchOne partner uses Google to research the topic. The other partner uses Google Advanced Search to research the topic. What differences do you notice in your results?Topic:The melting polar ice caps are threatening the existence of the Polar Bear.

12Google Directoryhttp://directory.google.com/

13Google DirectoryOne partner uses Google Advanced Search and one partner uses Directory. What differences do you notice? What advantages does Google Directory offer?

Topic: Polar Ice Caps MeltingEvaluating Web ResourcesWho? Authority: Who is posting the information?What? Content: Fact or Opinion/ Bias or UnbiasedWhere?Hosting Sponsors: Universities, Governments, News AgenciesWhen?Current InformationWhy?Purpose (persuasion or information)How?Design and Aesthetics15Are these Sources Reliable?Go to each site and evaluate its reliability.Resource 1Resource 2Resource 3Resource 4Resource 5Resource 6Resource 7Resource 8

16The Wiki

Evaluating Websites The Hoax

ParaphrasingRephraseYour own wordsYour own vocabulary (it should sound like you)When direct quotation is needed:be sure to use quotation marksSome vocabulary words are scientific/specific and cannot be rephrased this is okayWhen you do not paraphrase you are plagiarizing

19Original Text:To minimize the impact of coal use, any new coal power plants must use state-of-the-art pollution controls, including capturing carbon dioxide for safe disposal and maximizing control of other pollutants such as mercury and soot. Any mining that occurs must address local residents' concerns about health, water quality and damage to local landscapes -- and mountaintop removal should be prohibited. We owe it to our children and grandchildren to limit the damage caused by coal use.

(http://www.nrdc.org/coal/19c_advancedcoal.asp)20An Example of a Good ParaphraseHow can the impacts of coal use on the environment be controlled? Use state-of-the-art pollution controls such as capturing carbon dioxide, safely disposing of CO2, and controlling all other pollutants such as mercury and soot. When mining coal, be sure to have ways to manage water quality, the health of miners, and land protection. There should be no mountaintop clearing.

21How Would You Paraphrase:Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a crude log cabin near present-day Hodgenville, Kentucky. His parents, who already had a little daughter named Sarah, were hardworking, uneducated pioneers. They probably saw nothing unusual about their son, except that he grew unusually fast. Thomas Lincoln, Abraham's father, was a man of ordinary abilities. His ambition apparently did not extend beyond owning a good farm. Of Abraham's mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, little is known. She and her two small children experienced the usual hardships and few pleasures of pioneer life.

Fehrenbacher, Don E. "Lincoln, Abraham." Reviewed by Gabor S. Boritt. The New Book of Knowledge. 2009. Grolier Online. 5 Jan. 2009 . PlagiarismWhat is plagiarism?Copying directly from the source word for word and not using quotations and a citation to document source and signify word for word copyingUsing vocabulary that does not match your style or education levelTaking someone elses work or ideas and claiming them as your ownPlagiarism = failing grade

23Plagiarism in the News

Plagiarism in the News

Plagiarism in the News

Plagiarism in the News

Fabrication and Plagiarism

Image CitationsRequirements for School ProjectsFair Use ActUsage rights come into play if you're looking for content that you can take and use above and beyond fair use. Site owners can use licenses to indicate if and how content on their sites can be reused.(from http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=29508)

Fair Use ActA doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as for commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching or scholarship.(from http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=29508)

Image RequirementsJust like your research, all images must come from sites that areReliable research based/non biasedReputable institutions of informationGive credit where credit is dueImage titleImage author/creatorExample #1This image has a copyright - and if you read the copyright it states can be used for educational purposes...

(click on the image)

Example #2As you can see it occurs everywhere - which would lead me to believe that it does not have a license.Next step is to make sure you obtain it from a secure, reliable source.

Example #3Comes from a reliable source (created for student research) and offers Image credit information.

(click on the image)

Image above: The greenhouse effect is a warming of the air around us. Earth's atmosphere traps heat. This heat warms the land and the air around it. Credit: World Book illustration by Lawrie Taylor

Google Image Advanced SearchLabeled for reuse (PICK THIS ONE FOR YOUR RESEARCH)Your results will only include images labeled with a license that allows you to copy and/or modify the image in ways specified in the license.

Free ImagesWikipedia CommonsCCMMSs Media Center

Citing ImagesWhich link do you use?Dont use the Google search link!You have to go to the original source!

Example: Polar Bear

(click on image)

Example ImageHow do you cite?

(click on image)

Jack, Emily. French and Indian War Cherokee . 2007. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Learn NC. Web. 28 Sep. 2010. .For the Persuasion UnitDestinyNC Wise OwlSource RequirementsLocating Information in the LibraryUsing NCWiseOwl for periodical searching41Locating Information in the LibraryDestiny and Destiny WebQuest

Source Requirements for Persuasion Project3 Secondary1 book1 periodical1 web source1 Primary