Local Winds and There Harness
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Transcript of Local Winds and There Harness
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BY
NAZIFI UMAR
11212533
SUBMITTED TO
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Mr. AMANDEEP SINGHGEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT LPU
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LOCAL WINDS AND THEIR HARNESS(A LEGACY FROM NIGERIA)
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- NIGERIA- DEFINITION AND TYPES OF WIND- FORCES GOVERNING THE MOVEMENT OF AIR- WIND TYPOLOGY OVER NIGERIA- HUNTURU- BAZARA- ITCZ- ATEGUN ALE/ASALE
- ATEGUN OSAN- CATABATIC WIND- ANABATIC WIND- CONCLUSION
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Air moves vertically and horizontally, but airmoving horizontally parallel to the earth surface
due to differences in pressure is called wind.There are two major types of wind systems;
-Planetary winds: These are wind systems thatoccur at macro scale affecting larger area of theearth surface e.g. Easterlies and trade winds.
-Local winds: These are wind systems that occur
at micro to meso scales affecting particular part ofthe earth surface due to certain environmentalfactors acting upon the area. E.g. Foehn, Typhoon,
Country breeze etc.
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Nigeria is a tropical country not more than 4 0North of the equator and also part of the
Monsoon regions of the world, therefore itexperience the blow of North easterly trade
during winters and South westerly tradeduring summers.
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Due to size and disparity in physiographybetween regions, the country develop some local
wind systems at micro levels.The following are the winds experience in Nigeria
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OriginIn winter the Sun is over the tropic of
Capricorn and this leads to the development oflow pressure belt in the Southern hemisphereand high pressure belt in the Northern
hemisphere, therefore wind blows from thenorth to south ward direction, Coriolis force
deflect the wind to North west direction. Thiswind is called Hunturu (Hamatarn) in NorthernNigeria where it strike first at early September.
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Characteristics The wind blow from North-east direction
The wind has a speed of approximately 50Km perhour
The wind blows from over the Sahara desert The wind is dry with little or zero moisture
The wind is dusty and speedy The wind push the moist and water bearing tropical
maritime air mass south ward The wind is less impeded by mountain barriers
The wind brought cool weather condition to thecountry The wind causes thick fog in Nigeria especially the
North
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-Hamatarn mark the end of the rainy season.-Hamatarn dried the ripened fruits.-Hamatarn help in growing cold loving crops like
wheat-Hamatarn remove the very hot weather of NorthernNigeria from September to Late February.-Hamatarn affect transportation by bringing poorvisibility especially in the north-The wind is used for water pumping-The wind is used for electricity generation
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OriginIn summer when the sun is at the tropic of Cancer
the low pressure belt shiftto the North and therefore wind blows from theSouth North ward. Coriolis force deflect the wind
direction to the South west. This wind is calledBazara in Northern Nigeria and it cover southernNigeria in February before it reach the North in
mid-May.
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Characteristics The wind blow from the South-west direction
The wind has a speed of approximately 25Km perhour
The wind blows from over the Atlantic Ocean The wind is moist and high humidity
The wind is clean and lower than Hamatarn invelocity
The wind push Tropical continental air mass Northward
The wind is well affected by mountain barriers The wind brought warm condition through out the
country The wind brought rain and cloudy skies through out
the country
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-The wind mark the end of the dry season in the country
-The wind determine the sowing and growing time of crops
-The wind determine most of the crop type to be grown in the country
-The wind remove the cold and dusty weather of the Hamatarn
-The wind facilitate navigation of many rivers by recharging them with water
-The wind determine the length the growing season in Nigeria
-The wind is used for electricity generation in the country
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Hunturu and Bazara in Nigeria are converging ina region of equatorial law and this causes theascending of moist hot air and consequently
abundant precipitation. This region is the InterTropical Convergence Zone of the Hadleytemperature driven cell. The ITCZ shift from South
to North and from north to south over Nigeriafrom February to December. The position of thiszone determine the extent of where it affected by
dry or rainy season.
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I T C Z
Tc
Tm
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OriginIn Jos plateau and some other mountainous areas of
Nigeria the winds at valley bottom heated moreintensely than the adjacent air at the mountain top
during the night. This make a funnelling effectwhere the wind glide down the mountain slope.This wind called Catabatic wind produce
radiational fog in valleys especially in dry seasons.Some times ejection of cold air from above reducethe temperature below and balance the condition.This wind moves at average speed of11-14 Km per
hour
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OriginIn the day time the hill top of these mountainousareas is heated more than the valley bottom and
by so the wind is blown up ward. This wind inmany times release smoke like appearance andin short time produces cloud and rain which
makes Jos plateau wetter than the surroundingplain. This wind moves at an average speed of
4-7Km per hour
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During the day time especially in summers thecoast of Nigeria is heated more than the adjacent
sea and this leads to the development of lowpressure belt over the land and therefore windblow from the Atlantic ocean to Nigerian coast.
This type of Sea breeze moves at an averagespeed of 14-30 Km per hours and affect the are of
almost 20km in the hinterland.
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In the night time the Atlantic ocean becomewarmer than the Nigerian coast and thisgenerate the flow of wind from the land sea
ward. This kind of land breeze moves at a speedof 360-1080Km per hour.
This wind moves to almost 20Km into theAtlantic ocean.
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.These winds help fisher men in Nigerian coast tomove freely into the ocean in the night and free
return during the day.
The winds refresh Nigerian coast from high heat ofthe equatorial regions
The winds encourage workers in Nigerian coast towork 24/7
The winds is well used for the electrification ofcoastal areas
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In essence, there is development of differentwind systems globally, as the wind driven
forces are working everywhere. These winds
also bring different potentialities. In Nigeriathere is development of local winds that areharnessing in a developmental way, even
though there are a lot to do for the
maximization of their benefit. Much to emulatein this harness of wind resource.
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S.I Oguntoyimbo (1980) Systematic Geography of
NigeriaAhir R.(2011) Geography Spectrum publishersLutgens, Tarbuck and Tarsa (2012) The AtnosphereLal D.S (2012) ClimatologyRichfield H.J (3013) General ClimatologyEncyclopaedia BritannicaEncarta EncyclopaediaWikkipedia.com
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DHANYABAAD