Local ATTRACTIONS

Raleigh DuRham Chapel hill

Table of ConTenTs

sCienCe & naTuRenoRTh CaRolina museum of naTuRal sCienCe

http://naturalsciences.org/

pages 6 - 21

moReheaD planeTaRiumhttp://moreheadplanetarium.org/

pages 22 - 31

museum of life anD sCienCehttp:// www.lifeandscience.org

pages 32 - 43

Duke lemuR CenTeRhttp://lemur.duke.edu/

pages 44 - 57

hisToRy & goveRnmenTnoRTh CaRolina sTaTe CapiTol

http://www.ncstatecapitol.com

pages 60- 75

ameRiCan TobaCCo WaRehouse DisTRiCThttps://americantobaccocampus.com

pages 76 - 83

noRTh CaRolina hisToRy museumhttp://ncmuseumofhistory.org/

pages 84 - 99

2

aRTnoRTh CaRolina museum of aRT

http://ncartmuseum.org/pages 100 - 111

paRks pullen paRk

http://www.visitnc.com/listing/pullen-parkpages 114 - 123

Dear Readers,

Please understand that this is a work in progress. There are many interesting locales still to add. If you are looking for other venues, we will be happy to make recommendations. Feel free to tell us your favorites as well. And please keep checking for new articles. We hope that you will enjoy exploring our area and its wealth of opportunities as much as we do.

Cecil Cooke Allison Zimmerman Lucia Cooke

3w w w. c o o k e p r o p e r t y i n c . c o m

4

sCienCe

& naTuRe

5

North Carolina

6=

North Carolina W

M

useum of N

atural Science

7

North Carolina Museum of Natural Science bringing science to lifeSince the beginning, mankind has been drawn to the exploration of our physical world. From the discovery of ancient fossils to the habits of creatures we see daily, the desire to know more, understand more and connect more has been a driving force of exploration. The Museum of Natural Science in Raleigh offers a unique opportunity to connect with the natural forces of our world through interactive experiences and exhibits. With free general admission, it is one of the Triangle's great places to visit at any age.

8

North Carolina Museum of Natural Science bringing science to life

9

Prehistoric Gripping arms of the past reach out to entice the curious nature and inquisitive spirit within us.

explore the

Lumberinggiants of thepast almost seem to come to life in the prehistoric exhibits. With a special focus on creatures that once roamed our state and the southeast, these remarkably well-preserved fossils offer a glimpse into a bygone era. The Museum provides a wealth of information regarding habitats, life spans, and general habits of long-extinct animals that dominated our world over 230 million years ago. This exhibit hosts more than 56,000 vertebrates, 55,000 invertebrates and 1,000 paleobotanical specimens, many of which come from the North Carolina Triassic beds in the central part of the state. The Paleontology and Geology Research lab focuses on the evolutionary relationships and paleoecology of theropod dinosaurs . . . including the iconic megapredator Tyrannosaurus Rex.

10

Prehistoric Gripping arms of the past reach out to entice the curious nature and inquisitive spirit within us.

explore the

11

Living Creatures provide hours of enchanted viewing

12

From mountains to coast, ocean to air, each ecosystem on our blue planet has yielded an abundant variety of life. Here at the Museum, it is possible to get a glimpse into the lives of creatures who share our world. These exhibits range from the desert t o tropical rainforests, deep oceans to shallow streams.

The Arthropod Zoo inspires fascination with creatures that are often feared or considered "creepy." In fact, these creatures have a starring role in the web of global life, often in ways that go unseen. The butterf lyhouse not only allows close viewing of beautiful specimens, but also teaches about the critical role they play in pollinating plants we use for food.

The 10,000 gallon aquarium in the Our Changing Ocean gallery represents the look of a typical habitat off of the North Carolina coast. A Bonnethead shark and the invasive lionfish are just a few of the inhabitants.

To explore deep oceans, researchers must raise millions of dollars to use submersibles to reach great depths. Here, a model submersible lets you take a 2,000 foot virtual dive off the NC coast.

Living Creatures provide hours of enchanted viewing

13

touch feel examine have you ever felt a raccoon? a wolf? a fox? a beaver? a skeleton? there are drawers of enthralling items waiting to be held and investigated

One of the unique elements of the Museum of Natural Science is its emphasis on education and interaction. This is not a place with a strict "look don't touch" policy. Interacton is not only available, it is encouraged. These Curiosity Classrooms host a variety of specimens ranging from insects to mammals to geological formations. What better way to learn more about the physical world than to explore it first hand.

Each specimen is tagged and coded. When placed on special tables, a world of information is unlocked. These tables provide details about each individual creature, including habitats, size, life span, diet and more. Compare the skulls of a black bear to that of a coyote or examine the details of small insects and fossils under high-powered microscopes. With thousands of unique creatures to explore, it is impossible to contain innate curiosity to learn more about each one. The two Curiosity Classrooms are open to the public. They are used in Summer

Camps and can be reserved for birthday parties.

The Investigative Labs are another way to experience the Museum. The Natural World Lab allows visitors to observe and study plants, animals or themselves! The Micro World Lab explores genetic engineerng and protozoa alike, creating interaction with the smallest creatures in our world. The Visual World Lab demonstrates the latest simulation technologies scientists use in

research.14

touch feel examinesee a velvet ant up close, understand how

bird and mammal bones differ . . . from a visual perspective

have you ever felt a raccoon? a wolf? a fox? a beaver? a skeleton?

there are drawers of enthralling items waiting to be held and investigated

Magnified

seei

ng is

bel

ievi

ng

15

North Carolina from the shore to the mountains As the state's most popular museum, it is no surprise that there is special attention given to the natural habitats and wildlife that are unique to our area. A two-story waterfall is the center-piece of the Mountains to Sea exhibit highlighting the interrelationship between each of the three zones in the state of North Carolina.

16

North Carolina from the shore to the mountains

Though the Museum does incorporate much of our state into its exhibits, there is more to discover. The WRAL 3-D Theater features documentary films covering the Ice Age, coral reefs and dinosaurs to name only a few. Study weather by uncovering the various methods used by meteorologists and learn about weather stations' satellites and how they differ from weather balloons and rockets. Enjoy the Prairie Ridge Ecostation . . . a 45-acre facility and outdoor classroom featuring a prairie, forest, stream and ponds. This off-site facility furthers the Museum's mission of enhancing public understanding and appreciation of the natural world. Better understand how we connect to nature by investigating the whales and learning how laws and regulations passed aid in the protection of the animals we cohabitate with on this diverse planet.

17

Research begins with fascination wonder&

18

Research begins with fascination wonder

With so many elements to view and explore, it is possible for visitors to spend days and still only brush the surface of all this exciting museum has to offer. Research is a constant, driving force behind much of what happens here. Touring exhibitions and new events are constantly being added to the schedule. Their website, naturalsciences.org,

provides updates regarding current activities and schedules.

Another way to keep up with the Museum is by becoming a member. Discounts to special exhibits, behind-the-scenes tours, discounts at the Museum store and other perks are available depending on your membership level, and the cost makes it accessible to most. Membership also provides free or discounted admission to over 300

museums worldwide.

Explore the wonders of the natural world and unleash your inner scientist. You never know what you might discover.

19

Nature Exploration Center 11 West Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27601 Phone: 919.707.9800

MondaySaturday: 9am5pm Sunday: noon5pmThe Living Conservatory and Discovery Room are closed on Mondays.

Nature Research Center121 West Jones Street

Raleigh, NC 27603Phone: 919.707.9800

MondaySaturday: 9am5pmSunday: noon5pm

The Naturalist Center and iLabs close one hour before the rest of the Nature Research Center. The Naturalist Center is closed to the public on Mondays.

Prairie Ridge Ecostation 1671 Gold Star Drive Raleigh, NC 27607 Phone: 919.707.8888

MondaySaturday: 9am4:30pm Sunday: noon4:30pm Prairie Ridge Ecostation is closed on New Years Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and all state holidays.

admission is free

http://naturalsciences.org/index

20

Nature Exploration Center 11 West Jones Street Raleigh, NC 27601 Phone: 919.707.9800

MondaySaturday: 9am5pm Sunday: noon5pmThe Living Conservatory and Discovery Room are closed on Mondays.

Nature Research Center121 West Jones Street

Raleigh, NC 27603Phone: 919.707.9800

MondaySaturday: 9am5pmSunday: noon5pm

The Naturalist Center and iLabs close one hour before the rest of the Nature Research Center. The Naturalist Center is closed to the public on Mondays.

Prairie Ridge Ecostation 1671 Gold Star Drive Raleigh, NC 27607 Phone: 919.707.8888

MondaySaturday: 9am4:30pm Sunday: noon4:30pm Prairie Ridge Ecostation is closed on New Years Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and all state holidays.

http://naturalsciences.org/index

21

the Morehead Planetarium

22

the Morehead Planetarium

23

On the nOrth end Of the

campus Of the university Of

nOrth carOlina at chapel

hill stands a beautiful

tribute tO the vast study

Of science. the mOrehead

planetarium and science

center was the first

planetarium tO be built On a

cOllege campus in the united

states.

Planetariums were seen as a powerful tool for education. In 1925, Elis Stromgren, director of Copenhagen Observatory, lauded, Never has a means of entertainment been provided which is so instructive as this, never one which is so fascinating, never one which has such general appeal. It is a school, a theater, a cinema in one; a schoolroom under the vault of heaven, a drama with the celestial bodies as actors.

The building that Morehead constructed under the counsel of Harlow Shapley wasnt just another staid lecture hall but was rather a means of projecting science education to a wider audience one out beyond the stone walls of the University.

A scientist himself, he recognized that the American people must understand science. These were the words the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel used in 1949 to describe John Motley Morehead III and his motivation for giving his alma mater the first planetarium on a university campus.

&the Morehead Planetariumpast

present

future

24

the Morehead Planetariumpast

present

future

Morehead, who had discovered acetylene gas and a new process for the manufacture of calcium carbide, felt a great degree of debt to the University of North Carolina, for his successes in life were so closely tied to his education in Chapel Hill. Consequently, Morehead met with University President Frank Porter Graham in 1938 to find a gift that could express his gratitude to the University and that could open the minds of young North Carolinians to science. After the philanthropist began to speak about possibly building a planetarium, the University arranged for him to meet with Harvard University astronomer Harlow Shapley. In 1947, construction for the Morehead Planetarium began.

when first Opened in 1949 after seventeen mOnths Of cOnstructiOn, mOrehead planetarium was unprecedented. the first planetarium in the sOuth, it was Only the sixth tO be built in the united states. designed by the same architects whO planned the JeffersOn memOrial, the cOst Of its cOnstructiOn,

$3 milliOn, made it the mOst expensive building ever built in nOrth carOlina at the time.25

62

The same construction (not including the 1972 addition) in todays dollars would be nearly $50 million. The architectural firm of Eggers and Higgins, the same firm that had previously designed the Jefferson Memorial, designed the Morehead Planetarium Building. From the West Entrance, visitors can see the influence of the Jefferson Memorial design on the building including the dome and columns. The Jefferson Memorial design was, in turn, based on the Pantheon in Rome.

Since Zeiss, the German firm that produced planetarium projectors, had lost most of its factories during World War II, there were very few projectors available at the time. Morehead had to travel to Sweden, where he had previously served as American Ambassador, to purchase a Zeiss Model II to serve as the heart of North Carolinas new planetarium.

Morehead Planetarium was officially dedicated during a ceremony held on May 10, 1949 and attracted some of North Carolinas most prominent citizens. U.S. Senator Frank Porter Graham, N.C. Governor Kerr Scott, Acting University President William Carmichael, University Chancellor Robert House, and John Motley Morehead III as well as other members of his

family attended the ceremony. Following the dedication, assembled dignitaries viewed the Planetariums first show, Let There Be Light, narrated by Planetarium Director Roy K. Marshall.While Let There Be Light was the Planetariums first show, it would be followed later in 1949 by another show seen perhaps by more Morehead Planetarium and Science Center visitors than any other show to date: Star of Bethlehem. This planetarium show was designed to take full advantage of Zeiss projection technology and was revised several times (its final revision was in 2002) before its retirement when Moreheads Zeiss VI star projector was decommissioned and removed in spring 2011.

Ten years afTer opening, Morehead planeTariuM was called To serve noT only The people of norTh carolina buT also The naTions burgeoning space prograM. asTronauTs needed Training in celesTial navigaTion To ensure ThaT They would be able To piloT Their spacecrafT if navigaTional sysTeMs failed.

beTween 1959 and 1975, nearly every asTronauT who parTicipaTed in The Mercury, geMini, apollo, skylab and apollo-soyuz prograMs Trained aT Morehead. while The need for such Training ended in 1975 as coMpuTer navigaTion becaMe More reliable, long-TiMe planeTariuM direcTor Tony Jenzano could once claiM ThaT, carolina is The only universiTy in The counTry, in facT The world, ThaT can claiM all The

asTronauTs as aluMni.26

63

More than once, the training that astronauts received at Morehead saved lives. After automated navigational controls failed following a loss of electricity on the Mercury-Atlas 9 mission, Gordon Cooper had to use the stars to guide his reentry into the

Earths atmosphere. His splashdown eventually proved to be the most accurate in mission history.

When the rocket launching Apollo 12 into space was hit by lightning during take-off, astronauts had to reset their navigational equipment by sighting key stars.

25 years after the safe cOnclusiOn Of the missiOn, lessOns learned at mOrehead were still being passed On

tO Others. in 1995, missiOn astrOnaut James lOvell, whO was advising the prOducers Of the film apOllO 13,

wrOte tO fOrmer planetarium directOr tOny JenzanO: it has been a lOng time since thOse days at mOrehead

planetarium when yOu taught me abOut the stars. i thOught i wOuld let yOu knOw that yOur training sank in

and 25 years later i was teaching tOm hanks abOut the stars.

many mOre peOple than James lOvell and his fellOw astrOnauts have learned abOut the stars at mOrehead

planetarium. by mOreheads 50th anniversary in 1999, mOre than five milliOn spectatOrs half Of them

schOOlchildren had visited its star theater tO learn abOut the cOsmOs. Over the past half-century, these five

milliOn spectatOrs have all benefited frOm OngOing updates tO the planetariums facilities.

In 1969, the planetarium replaced the Zeiss II star projector that Morehead had purchased in Sweden with a Zeiss VI. The Model VI provided a clearer star field, along with improved operational controls and features. Neil Armstrong, the first man to

walk on the Moon, also has the distinction of being the first astronaut to train with the Model VI.27

64

in 1973, JOhn mOtley mOreheads full visiOn fOr his building was realized when the buildings east wing Opened. the additiOn included the mOrehead ObservatOry, which is fitted with a 24 inch schmitt-cassegrain telescOpe and is Operated by unc-chapel hills department Of physics and astrOnOmy. this ObservatOry is Open, upOn reservatiOn, fOr the public each friday night during the academic year.

In 1984, Morehead became one of the first planetariums

to utilize computer automation for its programs. Before

automation, each feature of a planetarium show was

set into motion by a technician following a cue by

the narrator. With its new capacity for automation,

the planetarium expanded its ability to present more

complex shows.

Today, Morehead Planetarium and Science Center is

renewing itself. In 2002, John Motley Moreheads gift

to his state and his alma mater was rechristened the

Morehead Planetarium and Science Center to reflect

an expanded mission. From now on, Morehead will

no longer just be a gateway to the stars, but rather a

gateway to all the sciences, exposing audiences to fields

like genetics, virtual reality and nanotechnology.

While the Morehead Center is entering a new era,

it remains committed to the original vision of its

benefactor, John Motley Morehead III, to educate and

inspire its visitors about the wonders of science.

JOhn mOtley mOrehead iii (1870-1965) graduated frOm the university Of nOrth carOlina in 1891. during his lifetime, he was mOst widely knOwn as a successful businessman and chemist due tO his rOle in the fOunding Of the uniOn carbide cOrpOratiOn. mOrehead was alsO pOlitically active as mayOr Of rye, new yOrk and u.s. ambassadOr tO sweden.

28

In may 2003, the mOrehead center made the first step tOwards fulfilling its new missiOn with the debut Of the film dna: the secret Of life, which the center prOduced in cOllabOratiOn with u.k.-based filmmakers, windfall films,

and James watsOn, cO-discOverer Of the structure Of dna.

One imagines that John Motley Morehead, a chemist, would be pleased to know that the institution

he created is now growing to educate North Carolina about all the branches of science. After all,

as the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel said more than a half-century ago, A scientist himself,

he recognized that the American people must understand science. Nearly 160,000 people visit the

Morehead Planetarium and Science Center annually, including 85,000 schoolchildren. Planetarium

schedules at Morehead feature multimedia shows and live star shows narrated by planetarium staff

members. The Science Stage offers Science LIVE! demonstration shows as well as Science 360

presentations. Non-credit classes for adults and children, special courses for teachers, summer camps

for children, monthly skywatching sessions and other programs for all ages keep the community

involved in science.29

Morehead Planetarium.org

250 EAST FRANKLIN ST.CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514

Planetarium Shows

Morehead Members | FREE for all regularly-scheduled shows. You must present a valid Morehead membership card for free admission. If you are not a member, you can join online or at the Morehead ticket counter.

Adults | $7.68Children, students and senior citizens | $6.51

If you want to see more than one planetarium show, you can add additional shows to your same-day ticket for just $3.26 each.Tickets go on sale 30 minutes before showtime in the Morehead Bookshop.

Special pricing is available for field trips and groups (10 or more visitors) with advance reservations. Contact Morehead Guest Relations for more information on field trips and group reservations.

Science Stage Programs & Exhibits

Morehead offers a regular schedule of public Science Stage programs and exhibits FREE. Special pricing may apply for field trips and groups with advance reservations.

919-962-1236 Main Office919-918-1155 Information Hotline

Monday | Closed

Tuesday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Wednesday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Thursday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Friday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Saturday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Sunday | 1-4:30 p.m.30

Morehead Planetarium.org

250 EAST FRANKLIN ST.CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514

Planetarium Shows

Morehead Members | FREE for all regularly-scheduled shows. You must present a valid Morehead membership card for free admission. If you are not a member, you can join online or at the Morehead ticket counter.

Adults | $7.68Children, students and senior citizens | $6.51

If you want to see more than one planetarium show, you can add additional shows to your same-day ticket for just $3.26 each.Tickets go on sale 30 minutes before showtime in the Morehead Bookshop.

Special pricing is available for field trips and groups (10 or more visitors) with advance reservations. Contact Morehead Guest Relations for more information on field trips and group reservations.

Science Stage Programs & Exhibits

Morehead offers a regular schedule of public Science Stage programs and exhibits FREE. Special pricing may apply for field trips and groups with advance reservations.

919-962-1236 Main Office919-918-1155 Information Hotline

Monday | Closed

Tuesday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Wednesday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Thursday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Friday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Saturday | 10 a.m.-3:30 p.m.

Sunday | 1-4:30 p.m.31

32

North CarolinaMuseum

ofLife & Science

33

North CarolinaMuseumofLife & ScienceOver sixty years ago, about 1946, a group of dedicated volunteers began Durham, North Carolinas first trail-side nature center. Known as the Childrens Museum, the center flourished, and soon a collection began with dinosaur fossils and minerals. At the same time, in 1947, construction began on the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hills campus for the Morehead Planetarium. It was there that astronauts began training for space flights. Between 1959 and 1975, nearly every astronaut who participated in the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz programs trained at Morehead. The fever of space exploration and astronauts who trained in Chapel Hill motivated the search for an aerospace exhibit. Due to this focus on space exploration and training, a kind soul rented a truck to haul the now-famous landmark Mercury Redstone rocket from Alabama to its new home on Murray Avenue in Durham to grace the exterior of a burgeoning indoor/outdoor museum.

34

North CarolinaMuseumofLife & Science

Prepare to be

Enthralled

35

where learningis fun

minds expand36

The 1970s marked a period of expansion that included a name change to the North Carolina Museum of Life and Science and outdoor exhibits for large animals. Aerospace and Geology exhibits were expanded, and the Ellerbe Creek Railway was installed. The County of Durham appropriated operating funding for the first time in 1973, and the NC General Assembly provided capital support for facility improvements.

In 1986, a comprehensive Master Plan was devised introducing a second major period of growth in the Museums history. First, construction of an indoor Nature Center, featuring live North Carolina animals, was completed. In 1991, the Museum completed its Mercury Meeting Room, temporary exhibit gallery, expanded lobby and gift shop, new discovery rooms and an additional 6,000 square feet of exhibit space. This included a real Apollo Space Capsule, a full-scale Lunar Lander and a 13-foot tornado. The Lab provided a place for hands-on experiments and observations for many children. 1993 marked the completion of the Science and Technology Wing including a range of programs in the natural and physical sciences making the Museum one of the premier centers of informal science in the country.

An area called Soundspace allows visitors to explore how movement affects what you hear and see. For children 6 and under, Play to Learn gives them the opportunity to learn as they play. For children who enjoy building, Contraptions offers them the use of pulleys, ramps, catapults and more as they design their own contraptions.

Future thinking of how the Museum might grow using its 84-acre campus emphasized expansion of natural science learning opportunities. Strategic plans resulted in the development of a two-phase interactive science experience dubbed BioQuest, one that the National Science Foundation proclaimed would become a national model, the first science center expansion linking people with plants, animals and interactive exhibits in the out-of-doors.

and Quality Time has meaning

for Children & Adults 37

from camouflageto brilliant

color

Phase One began with the now beloved Magic Wings Butterfly House, an outstanding three-story tropical conservatory that is regarded as one of the nations finest. Bringing visitors into intimate contact with exotic butterflies in a tropical indoor environment, the facility also supports over 200 tropical plant varieties. One of the largest museum butterfly houses in the Southeastern U.S., the 5,000-square-foot tropical conservatory is encased with an additional 13,000 square feet of learning labs and the Bayer CropScience Insectarium, which officially opened in March 2000. The Insectarium features a rare assortment of exotic insects from around the globe, making it one of the top destinations of the Southeast to admire entomological life cycles.

As you approach the Butterfly House, stroll through the Farmyard. This has been a popular family tradition for more than a generation. The Museums farm animals are from both common and rare breeds. They include four alpacas, two pigs, a donkey, a Jersey steer, two rabbits, an owl and a collection of goats. 38

the nativeto theexotic

Phase Two of the BioQuest expansion plan included several exhibits. The National Science Foundation validated the quality of this one-of-a-kind outdoor learning experience with a $2 million grant. The people of Durham County offered resounding support for this project with over $11

million in bond funding.

Explore the Wild opened in 2006. It offers a study of black bears, red wolves and exotic lemurs. There is also a 750-foot deck and lookout over a 2-acre wetland habitat. Catch the Wind opened in 2007. It gives visitors the opportunity to understand the important role wind plays in the natural world. Several hands-on activities are designed to help visitors discover how people, animals and plants move with the air. Dinosaur Trail opened in 2009, thanks to private support of over $800,000 to supplement the $675,000 secured in Durham County Bond Funds. It takes the visitor into the world of late Cretaceous, North American dinosaurs. Included in this exhibit is the Fossil Dig with dirt that is filled

with remains of ancient sharks, fish, corals and shells.39

Nearby, children can stay cool in the mist that fills the Larry and Sharon PlayScape. They will have the opportunity to explore Into the Mist to experience the lure and phenomenon and watch as droplets of water suspended in air form clouds which hover over small valleys. They can listen to the rhythmic sounds of rain as it falls upon rock. Children can stroll through the lush green landscape and watch as rainbows appear, then disappear. Nearby, a young visitor can sail skyward on the bungee trampolines. Jumpers can reach heights of twenty feet above ground when aided by the kinetic energy from some super-stretchy bungee cords.

Just outside the Museum doors sits Loblolly Park, a play yard filled with all kinds of structures to entertain and delight. Children can create music with drums and bells, or climb the multi-level play structure. An old caboose is nearby for further investigation.

The Ellerbe Creek Railway provides the visitor with an old-time train ride through the Museum grounds. This 10-minute ride makes two laps through the Nature Park on a scaled replica C.P. Huntington locomotive, made possible by a generous donation from the Teer family.

Today, new initiatives are underway at the Museum and are referred to as the Climbing Higher Campaign. The philosophy is this, go play outside! A different type of childhood can be discovered. What were your days like as a child? Did you ride your bike everywhere? Look for bugs under rocks? Play hide-and-seek until called in for dinner? Chances are you answered yes to at least one of these questions. The nature of childhood has changed. When todays children are outside, theyre typically participating in a sporting event or organized activity. What children really need is time outdoors to look at the world up close, make up a game or simply reconnect with the wonder of the natural world. Research indicates children who regularly spend time playing outdoors are more creative, better problem solvers and more attentive in school.

Hideaway Woods is a two-acre nature-based playscape that will be built inside the existing train loop and accessedby a pedestrian tunnel. It will engage children in healthy movement, exploration and skill development. The current

Museum playground will become a gathering spot between the Museum building and the outdoor adventures, and provide space for a new classroom. The experience will open summer 2015.

Earth Moves is an innovative exploration of Earth sciences and systems that will be situated near the existing Catch the Wind exhibit. Visitors will control and witness powerful natural forces including erosion, moving water, an earthquake and more. Earth Moves will open in 2016.

The Museum of Life and Science wants to immerse children in a natural learning environment that stimulates their senses, strengthens their bodies and expands their minds. By creating these two spectacular learning environments that allow children and families to interact with the science and wonder of nature in new and amazing ways this will be achieved.

Daily programs are available at the Museum. In The Lab, a visitor can become a scientist and ask questions, and make observations which lead to discoveries. Expert volunteers are there to assist with these classes. This offers a wonderful opportunity for teachers to coordinate science lab programs with their science studies at school.

Science-based summer camps are an ongoing part of the Museum. Some offerings include LEGO, Robotics, Flight, Exhibit Design, Art, Geology, Reptiles and Superheroes. Two locations are now offered for this summer. One is at the

40

Museum in Durham; the other is at Glenwood Elementary School in Chapel Hill.

Other changes to the Museum are the outdoor Picnic Pavilion, the new Sprout Caf, where breakfast and lunch items are available, and a unique gift shop and full service coffee bar. Adults may find the Museum amenable for events such as weddings and receptions, private parties, or business. One thing is certain: the Museum of Life and Science is an ideal spot for family entertainment.

there is always something new to explore

41

http://www.LifeandScience.org84 Acres to Discover

Located just blocks from downtown Durham, the Museum of Life and Science is one of North Carolinas top family destinations. Our interactive science park includes a two-story science center, one of the largest butterfly conservatories on the East Coast and beautifully landscaped outdoor exhibits which are safe havens for rescued black bears, lemurs, and endangered red wolves. With over 84-acres of outdoor exhibits

and over 60 species of live animals, there is always more to explore.

Location433 W. Murray Avenue

Durham, NC 27704Phone: (919) 220 -5429

Offsite Parking

The Museum provides free offsite parking and all day shuttle service on Saturdays and Sundays through September 5 on a first-come, first-serve basis.

* OPEN TO MEMBERS AT 9 AM

WINTER HOURS:

SEPTEMBER 13 MARCH 13

TUESDAY SATURDAY

10am - 5pm*

SUNDAY

12 - 5pm

Prices*

General Admission $18Children ages 3 -12 $13Non-school groups of 10+ (48-hr notice required; learn more) $12Children age 2 and under FREEMember Train Ride $3 General Train Ride $4Take Off! Bungee Trampoline $5*Subject to 7.5% sales tax on admission fees

42

http://www.LifeandScience.org84 Acres to Discover

Located just blocks from downtown Durham, the Museum of Life and Science is one of North Carolinas top family destinations. Our interactive science park includes a two-story science center, one of the largest butterfly conservatories on the East Coast and beautifully landscaped outdoor exhibits which are safe havens for rescued black bears, lemurs, and endangered red wolves. With over 84-acres of outdoor exhibits

and over 60 species of live animals, there is always more to explore.

Location433 W. Murray Avenue

Durham, NC 27704Phone: (919) 220 -5429

Offsite Parking

The Museum provides free offsite parking and all day shuttle service on Saturdays and Sundays through September 5 on a first-come, first-serve basis.

* OPEN TO MEMBERS AT 9 AM

SUMMER HOURS:

MARCH 14 SEPTEMBER 12

MONDAY SATURDAY

10am - 5pm*

SUNDAY

12 - 5pm

Prices*

General Admission $18Children ages 3 -12 $13Non-school groups of 10+ (48-hr notice required; learn more) $12Children age 2 and under FREEMember Train Ride $3 General Train Ride $4Take Off! Bungee Trampoline $5*Subject to 7.5% sales tax on admission fees

43

44

photography by

David Haring

DukeLemur Center

45

in Durham, North Carolina

A bit of Madagascar

Jewels of Madagascar

46

5747

6058

Nestled comfortably on 70 acres of Duke Forest is one of the Triangles most fascinating and underdiscovered delights ... the Duke Lemur Center. Here, research, conservation, and natural wonder come together to form an engaging atmosphere for professionals and casual viewers alike. But in order to understand how exceptional the DLC really is, you first need to meet its incredible inhabitants ... the Lemurs of Madagascar.

Lemurs are found in the wild only on the island of Madagascar. Their story and evolution are not only demonstrative of survival instincts but also of natural curiosity and creativity. The island broke away from the African continent long before Lemurs existed. As the number of primate species exploded on the mainland, the first Lemurs crossed the Mozambique Channel in a random rafting event occuring millions of years ago. Small bands, usually families, of Lemurs were trapped in floating

Calm mind brings inner strength and self-confidence, so thats very important for good health.

~ Dalai Lama 48

59

debris. Swiftly flowing rivers carried them out to sea, across the Channel,

and finally landing on the island of Madagascar. This crossing created the opportunity for the Lemurs to evolve

separately from other primate varieties as well as ceate a vast array of Lemur

species.

The various climate niches on the island required the animals to adapt in ways

not seen in other primates. Hybernation or torpor, seasonal fat storage, strict

breeding seasons and female societal dominance are just a few of the many Lemur traits that are seen in no other

primate on the planet. Sadly, it is also the most endangered mammal on the

planet. The Duke Lemur Center houses the largest collection of Lemurs outside

of Madagascar. Their conservation efforts, breeding programs, education

and research allow us all to preserve and protect these fascinating creatures here

and in their native land.

Look deep into nature, and you will understand everything better.

-Albert Einstein

49

Nosferatuthe Aye Aye

6260

But it is really difficult to understand how exceptional they are without meeting them.

Raven is a native of the dry, deciduous forests in Western and Southern Madagascar. The normal diet of seeds, nectar and small insects is highly seasonal. In a stroke of evolutionary genious, this Lemur adapted to use its tail for fat storage in lean seasons and before entering the torpor state in the winter. Though other varieties also enter a torpor state, the Fat Tailed Dwarf Lemurs is the longest.

It is the torpor state that is fascinating. Typically, it slows the metabolism, rendering the animal not fully awake and not fully asleep. But these Lemurs acutally sleep during torpor. The science behind this could open incredibly interesting areas of study including human hybernation like sleep during long surgeries or space exploration.

Many Lemurs were once catagorized as sub-species of other varieties. This is true of Mosi, a Crowned Lemur. He and his kind were thought to be a sub-species of Mongoose Lemurs until recently. Native to a small area of land in the Northern section of the island, much of their habitat has been destroyed by deforestation.

MosiW

RavenFat Tailed Dwarf Lemur

50

Nosferatuthe Aye Aye

Cometthe Red Ruffed Lemur

There is a reason this Aye Aye has such an ominous sounding name. In his native land, there is negative Fady or taboo surrounding his species. The stories range from village to village, but all believe he is a bad omen or bringer of death. Often, if this nocturnal creature is spotted, he will be killed or the villagers will burn their village to the ground and move. Nosy, as the Duke Lemur Center nick-named him, is content eating his snack.

Rufted Lemurs are located in the Northern forests of Madagascar. Their thick coats protect them from the unpredictable, seasonal weather. The species spends most of its life in the canopy, spending relatively little time on the ground. While most Lemurs travel in smaller family communities, some of these Lemurs live with groups of up to 32 individuals.

Within the world of Lemurs there is great diversity of size, diet, social behavior and coloration. Each is uniquely adapted to its habitat. The Duke Lemur Center has created remarkable facilities offering indoor/outdoor experiences to create a stimulating environment for each of these varied groups. Enrichment programs keep these intelligent Lemurs mentally active, as well as physically healthy. Each diet is different and 250+ meals are made on site, per day to cater to individual needs.

51

Babies are Here

52

6462

Babies are Here

Summer Science Camp & Art & Writing Camp Available

As a leader in the world of Lemur conservation, the DLC participates in numerous efforts both domestically and in Madagascar to protect and preserve habitats and species. Reforestation, education programs, and ecological technology and innovation are just a few of the efforts in place to protect and preserve Lemurs in their homeland. But what they do domestically is no less impressive. Breeding programs both within the center and in cooperation with other facilities help keep the most at risk of these endangered primates at more sustainable population levels. The Blue Eyed Black Lemur, seen on the bottom left, is testament to that goal. His variety of Lemur is the most endangered of the Lemurs housed at the DLC. There are others in the wild also highly at risk. The research conducted also offers a fascinating glimpse into what Lemurs can teach us about ourselves and the broader world. Areas of study include pheromone secretion, sleep habits, locomotion and the evolution of human intelligence. And when looking at the picture above, it is hard not to wonder - who is doing the studying?

And what is even more incredible is that only a portion of the funding comes from Duke. The remainder is raised through donations, foundations and grants. Cooke Property is proud to be a donor to this one-of-a-kind program.

53

B eware. These enchanting, curious creatures will steal your heart. There are other conservation centers and research facilities in the US and around the globe, but few offer the public the ability to interact with their efforts in the same way as the DLC. A variety of tours are available to the public. Photographic tours allow people to enter into the forests with the Lemurs and observe their behavior in the wild. Guided tours offer a glimpse into the facility and introduce you to around ten different Lemur species, while explaining their unique evolution as well as their similarities. It is even possible to go behind the scenes and share in the experienceof the technicians and volunteers who make every day function. Summer camps create an unrivaled opportunity for youths to learn about primatology, study behavior and engage their curiosity about the largerecological and biological world.

Here, in the heart of Durham, we have a treasure. A place that inspires scientists, intrigues youth, and offers a glimpse into our past. I challenge anyone to go here and not instantly fall in love with these jewels of Madagascar ... I know I did.

For additional information

about the Duke Lemur

Center, please visit their

website lemur.duke.edu

or call(919) 489-3364

54

Going to the Sourcethe Madagascar

Experience

In 2015, the DLC is offering a chance of a lifetime ... the opportunity to travel to Madagascar with one of the foremost professionals in the field of Lemur conservation and study. Charles Welch has lived and worked in Madagascar for 15 years, was knighted by the government for his conservation efforts, and has extensive knowledge of the culture and environment. It is truly an experience. Contact the DLC or visit their website at http://lemur.duke.edu/protect/conservation/madagascar-trip-2014/ for details.

55

Lemur.Duke.eduAll tours are by appointment only. You must be on a guided tour to see the animals.

Tours often book at least 2 weeks in advance, and we cannot often accommodate walk-in visitors. Please call 919-401-7240 to make your reservation. The gift shop is open to the general public without appointment during operating hours.

3705 Erwin RoadDurham, North Carolina 27705

Camps and Workshops

56

Lemur.Duke.eduAll tours are by appointment only. You must be on a guided tour to see the animals.

Tours often book at least 2 weeks in advance, and we cannot often accommodate walk-in visitors. Please call 919-401-7240 to make your reservation. The gift shop is open to the general public without appointment during operating hours.

3705 Erwin RoadDurham, North Carolina 27705

The Duke Lemur Center is open all year round from 9:30-4:00 and welcomes visitors to tour and learn about these amazing animals.

All tours by appointment only, there are no self-guided experiences. To schedule a tour call 919-401-7240.

Tours are paid for the day of by cash, check or any major credit card. Tours tend to book up 2-3 weeks in advance for weekdays and 4-5

weekends during the spring and summer months. If you leave a voice message, please give the staff up to 72 hours to return your call..

The gift shop is open to the public during business hours. Be sure to check the tour page as the times of tours change from season to season

and on holidays.2016 Holiday Closures:

January 1, 2016May 31, 2016 and July 4 and September 5: 9am-12pm

November 24 and 25, 2015December 23 -27, 2015 (reopen Dec. 28)

50ANNIVERSARYTH

57

History &58

Government

&59

60

North Carolina State Capitolcirca 1833

"Henceforth our youth may never need to roam the arts to study , better seen at home." The Raleigh Star

61

62

GreekRevival

Americans of the early national period admired the classical architecture of the Greeks and Romans. Americans believed that they were shaping a form of government that had not existed since the time of the Roman Republic. A government in which the power resided with the voting citizens and the voting citizens chose their representatives.

Inspiration

Chronology Prior to 1722 North Carolina was without a fixed capital, Governors (appointed by the King) lived in their own homes and the Assembly moved from place to place, meeting in private homes, and courthouses when available. Edenton was selected as capital in 1722, but by the time modest facilities were constructed, the population center had shifted to the south, so again the government migrated.

In 1766 New Bern was selected as the capital of North Carolina. One year later the construction of Tryon Palace began and the project was complete in 1771. Tryon Palace was designed to function as the governor's residence and office and as the meeting place of the Upper House. A few years later, during the American Revolution, New Bern was threatened by attack and the government fled the city, meeting in both coastal and inland towns. The "palace" was deserted and in 1798 all but one wing burned to the ground.

Post war, the population base of North Carolina shifted further west. In 1788 a State Convention was held in Hillsborough to consider ratification of the United States Constitution. Here the delegates voted to fix the capital within ten miles of Hunter's Tavern in Wake County. Commissioners selected by the General Assembly to select the specific site met at Hunter's Tavern on March 20, 1792. Hunter apparently hoped to sell the land for the capital, but the commissioners adjourned to the residence of Joel Lane, from whom they purchased the land. Joel Lane was a kinsman of Ralph Lane, the first governor of North Carolina.

City plans were to be based on the existing capital of the United States, the city of Philadelphia. When first established in 1792, Raleigh consisted of four 99 foot wide streets, a few 66 foot wide streets, and five public squares. A central square was reserved for a capitol building. The state legislature allotted $10,000 for construction of the State House. It was completed in 1796. In 1822 the architect, William Nichols, was hired to embellish the building. He added classical details, a third floor, a rotunda and a dome. In 1831 the remodelled capitol building was destroyed by fire. Ironically, a smelting pot of zinc being used to fireproof the building tipped over onto the roof and started the blaze. The original statue of George Washington by Antonio Canova was damaged beyond repair. Today a replica of the original stands in the center of the State Capitol rotunda.

63

64

In December of 1832, the legislature appropriated $50,000 for the new Capitol, and specified that it be built as an enlarged version of the old State House . . . a cross-shaped building with a central, domed rotunda. And, most important, it was to be fire proof. Plans were submitted by William Nichols Jr., whose father had worked on the original building, and by the New York architectural firm of Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis. The Town-Davis firm was famous for designing buildings in the Greek Revival Style.

Construction began based on the William Nichols, Jr. plan. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1833 with full masonic honors by the Grand Master of the State, Simon Jones Baker. Although walls were already several feet high, Nichol's was replaced by Town and Davis as the architectural firm to re-design and complete the project. Their firm is credited with its exterior appearance and plan.

David Paton was hired by Town and Davis to supervise construction. Paton was born in Edinburgh and was the son of an acclaimed builder and architect. He attended Edinburgh University and trained as an architect and builder under his father's tutelage. After the death of his young wife, David travelled to the United States, arriving in New York. On arrival Paton sought employment, and found such in the offices of Town and Davis. Due to his vast experience with the construction of fine-jointed, stone-built Neoclassical buildings they readily employed him and sent David Paton to North Carolina to oversee construction of the North Carolina State Capitol. His rich heritage and classical training led Paton to make valuable changes to the interior design. He is responsible for making the first floor offices and corridors fireproof by spanning them with masonry groin vaults. He shifted the position of the stairs in both stories. Paton moved the Supreme Count and Library rooms from the second to the third floor, and redesigned the east and west wings to provide more offices and committee rooms. Public galleries were added at the third floor level where top lit, domed vestibules were designed. In his most dramatic change to the edifice, Paton introduced the galleried circular opening between the first and second floor levels in the rotunda, employing sophisticated engineering techniques to create the breath-taking full height view from ground level to the skylit dome. His cantilevered "pen-checked" stone stairs and simple Greek inspired coffers are elegant and spatially inspiring. Paton patterned the moldings, ornamental plasterwork, and the honeysuckle crown atop the dome after features of ancient Greek temples such as the Parthenon, the Tower of the Winds and the Erectheum. Paton's interior changes effectually made the building more functional, while introducing greater spacial sophistication and drama.

Town was offended by the significant alterations allowed to the original design without his approval, and officially withdrew from the project. In March 1835 the commissioners appointed David Paton as the architect. The commissioners increased Paton's salary from three dollars a day to five dollars a day, effective February 1, 1837. By early 1840, tension between Paton and the commissioners over additional compensation rose to a level the commissioners would not tolerate, and Paton was dismissed. For many years to follow, Paton futilely pursued his claim for additional compensation. He contended that his services as architect were far more extensive than those called for by his initial contract as superintendent.

The Capitol was completed in 1840. The total cost including furnishings was $532,682.34.

That sum was more than three times the yearly gross income of the state.

65

6066

House of Representatives

This chamber was originally called the House of Commons, but was changed to the House of Representatives in 1868. It seats 120 members in a semicircular plan based on the design of a Grecian amphitheater. The ornate plaster moldings and column capitols are executed in the Corinthian style as seen in the Tower of the Winds in Athens. The top podium was used by the Speaker of the house, the middle podium was occupied by the clerks, and the lower curved table was assigned to newspaper reporters. The Secession Ordinance of 1861 was signed at this curved table. The Thomas Sully portrait of Washington (circa 1818) was saved during the State House fire of 1831. The carpet is a conjectural reproduction of the thirty-one-star pattern added in 1854 for warmth. There were thirty-one states in the nation at that time. The original 84 candle brass chandelier was lowered each day by pulley to light the candles. The mid-ninteenth century brass and copper chandelier that hangs in the house today is lowered on that same mechanism to change the light bulbs.

Behind The desk

The desks are original and were built by William Thompson, a local cabinetmaker.

Standing in the chamber, it is fascinating to think of the men and women who served in this chamber. A personal favorite is Lillian Exum Clement. Lillian Clement was the youngest of six children, and was born in the Black Mountains of North Folk, North Carolina. In her early teens, Lillian's father moved his family to Asheville, where he helped construct the Biltmore House. Lillian attended school at All Souls Parish and then at Asheville Business College. An eager learner, she furthered her education by studying law under two local practicing attorneys -- J.J. Britt and Robert C. Goldstein. Lillian worked for the Buncome County sheriff's office while studying law. In 1917 Lillian passed the bar exam and became the first woman in North Carolina to open her own law practice. Within four years she had earned a reputation as a quick-witted and skilled criminal lawyer. In 1920, the Buncome County Democratic Party asked Lillian Clement to run for a seat in the North Carolina House of Representatives. The 19th Amendment had not been ratified and women were not allowed to vote. She won by a landslide over two male opponents. On January 5, 1921, at the age of 26, Lilian Exum took her seat in the North Carolina House of Representatives. She introduced the "Clement Bill", a measure calling for private voting booths, and secret ballots.

67

68

The senate chambers are Ionic in style, and its details resemble the Erechtheum, a temple in Athens. This room served the fifty member Senate until 1961.

The two rooms at the north end of the chamber were originally the offices of the Speaker and the principal clerk of the Senate. The Senate has two additional rooms at the south end of the chamber that acted as committee rooms. There are three public galleries with balcony seating.

The rostrums at the front are slightly smaller than those in the House and originally seated the Speaker of the Senate, now known as the President of the Senate, or lieutenant governor.

The desks are original and built by the same craftsman who provided those for the House of Representatives, William Thompson.

The window shades feature olive wreaths, a symbol of victory and honor. The lithograph is a print of the Cordova statue of Washington hands to the right of the rostrums. This 1840's print features the only known interior view of the 1794-1796 State House.

the Senate

63

The exterior Capitol walls are built of gneiss, a form of granite that was quarried in southeastern Raleigh and transported to the site on a mule-drawn Experimental Railroad, North Carolina's first railway.

Raleigh gneiss is about 544 million years old. It can be identified by characteristic steaks, bands and lines, as well as the veins of igneous rock containing pink feldspar and gray quarts cutting across the gneiss.

69

646470

State Geologist Office

Originally designed for and occupied by the Supreme Court, this room became the State Geologist's Office in 1856. The Supreme Court relocated to the first floor (for convenience) in 1843 and presided here only three years. The state geologist, Dr. Ebenezer Emmons, used this room to conduct a geological survey to determine the commercial and agricultural value of minerals and plants native to North Carolina. In glass cabinets, he displayed specimens from the Piedmont counties, including soil, seeds, rocks, and mineral samples.. A Gothic gallery was added in 1858 to expand the collection, but it is likely that the upper shelves were actually used to store an overflow of books from the State Library. In April 1865 Union troops occupied Raleigh, and General Sherman's troops rifled the mineral collection. In 1866, the collection's remnants were donated to the University of North Carolina, and by 1868 the mineral cases were removed from the room. After the Civil War, the room housed the office of the superintendent of public instruction.

Dr. Ebenezer Emmons

A pioneering American geologists whose work includes the naming of the Adiorondak Mountains in New York.

Ebineezer Emmons (1799 - 1863) geologist, educator, and physician. Emmons pursued a vigorous tripartite career for over a decade. He became one of the four head geologists of a significant geological study of the state of New York. When Emmons discovered and proposed the presence of a system of stratified rocks, which he named as the Taconic system, beneath the Potsdam it caused great furor among geologists. Emmons reportedly became embittered by the ostracism and ridicule of other geologists and accepted a position with the state of North Carolina as chief geologists in 1851. The work of Emmons and his assistants was lost during the Civil War.

71

72

the StateLibrarylocated in this room from 1840 until 1888

In 1942 the staircase, gallery and shelves were added to hold the growing collection of books and papers. The collection began with more that two thousand volumes and grew to nearly forty thousand. It was only open to state officials until 1845, when the general public was admitted. By 1859 the State Library had outgrown this space and was storing contents

into other areas of the Capitol. In the late 1880's, the State Library moved to a larger building.

Gothic elements pervade the room . . . from the iconic Gothic arches, to the decorative ceiling, to the highly decorative white oak woodwork and vertical elements. It is an exquisite masterpiece and a pleasure to the eye.

67

History Remembers

Built in 1840, the North Carolina State Capitol

is often described as being one of best preserved capitols in all our nation. It

is a monument to our heritage, a living view into our past,

and an inspirationfor our future.

Each of us has unlimited opportunities to explore this historical and architectural gem. My apologies for only referencing a brief scatter of the many stories and beautiful scenes surrounding and inside

the walls.

73

To explore possibilities to participate in activities at the State Capitol, to read the newletter, to shop and support or to see ongoing projects go to

www.ncstatecapitol.org Over 100,000 visitors visit the North Carolina State Capitol each year. Self guided tours are available Monday through Saturday from 9 am until 5pm.

Admission is free though donations are welcome and appreciated.

Public guided tours are available every Saturday at 11 am and 2 pm.

For group tours of 10 or more contact www.nccapvisit.org.

1 East Edenton St, Raleigh, NC 27601

(919) 733-4994

Special Under the Dome Tourstake visitors into areas "behind the velvet ropes'

Check the website for dates and times. Book ahead the tour fills quickly74

To explore possibilities to participate in activities at the State Capitol, to read the newletter, to shop and support or to see ongoing projects go to

www.ncstatecapitol.org Over 100,000 visitors visit the North Carolina State Capitol each year. Self guided tours are available Monday through Saturday from 9 am until 5pm.

Admission is free though donations are welcome and appreciated.

Public guided tours are available every Saturday at 11 am and 2 pm.

For group tours of 10 or more contact www.nccapvisit.org.

1 East Edenton St, Raleigh, NC 27601

(919) 733-4994

Special Under the Dome Tourstake visitors into areas "behind the velvet ropes'

Check the website for dates and times. Book ahead the tour fills quickly75

American Tobacco H

istoric D

istrict

76

Old Bull River77

Washington Duke was released from Libby Prison in 1865. He had been held there since the Confederate Armys retreat from Richmond. Libby Prison, had an infamous reputation for overcrowded and harsh conditions and fell into Union hands after the battle for Richmond. Washington Duke was then sent to New Bern, where a federal soldier gave him 50 cents for his five dollar Confederate note, and Duke walked to his 300 acre farm four miles north of Durham.

Upon his arrival, Washington Duke found little left of his farm ... except for a small bit of Bright Leaf tobacco. He pulverized and cleaned the tobacco, put it into muslin sacks and started in the tobacco business.

In 1890, after years of hard work and great success as an entrepreneur, Dukes four biggest rivals joined him and formed The American Tobacco Company Trust. It was the largest tobacco company in the world. The first of the buildings on the now-historic campus, Hill, Reed, and Washington, were built in 1902 and 1903. The Power Plant was built in 1930, followed by Fowler in 1939, Strickland in 1946, and Crown in 1955. When anti-trust issues forced the tobacco giant to dissolve into four separate companies, they gradually moved out of Durham, leaving the facility abandoned.

There is no mistaking Durhams association with tobacco. For over 140 years, Durham has been a city dominated by the tobacco industry either by its boom or its bust. Magnificent brick warehouses constructed during its run as the Bull City stemming from the Durham Bull tobacco logo as a manufacturing company still physically commandeer the downtown area. After a long period of prosperity, many of the properties became vacant or under utilized, victimized by mid-twentieth century suburban population shifts and the decline of the tobacco industry. No longer driving the citys growth, the brick buildings actually stymied Durhams emergence from the economic slump of the latter twentieth century. Few commercial developers and even fewer conventional bankers trusted the properties future

W

78

because the brick buildings were so vast in size and number and so poorly maintained, combined with the bleak outlook of the downtown area.

The 13-acre complex, totaling approximately one million square feet, was abandoned at the south end of downtown in 1987. As the former center of Durhams identity and its primary employer, the fate of the American Tobacco District and the health of Downtown Durham were inextricably linked. However, several savvy financial investors saw potential in Downtown Durham to help finance the rehabilitation of the American Tobacco campus into a mix of new uses. Today those thick brick walls are humming again, recast as the home to

top-notch office space (among them renown investment firms, Duke Universitys corporate education school, a North Carolina NPR affiliate, advertising firms, software companies and smaller businesses and non-profits), several restaurants, a YMCA and, of course, the Durham

Performing Arts Center.

The first phase of the revitalization project was launched in 2004. Phase I rehabilitated five of the historic properties into 500,000 square feet of Class A office space, a few restaurants, and a new water feature, the Old Bull River, which courses through the center of the campus. The $85 million Phase II continued the rehabilitation of the remaining historic buildings, including some of the very oldest tobacco warehouses and factories in the United States. It also created the Old Bull Apartments and a handful of condos. The $67 million Phase III (new construction only) produced the $44 million+ Durham Performing Arts Center and was planned to yield 380 residential units, additional commercial office space and 40,000 square feet of retail and

restaurants.

Equally impressive is the economic impact of the American Tobacco project. Phase I brought 3,450 jobs to the campus, and Phase II, more than 2,200. Property values are estimated to have risen more than 30% after each phase,

increasing city revenues. The project has had a tremendous catalytic effect as well.

from Bleak to Chic79

Data shows that the pace of downtown development increased substantially following the opening of the American Tobacco District. For example, during the sites 17-year period of vacancy (1987-2003), less than one significant development project, on average, was completed downtown each year. In the five years following the completion of Phase I, 16 major projects were

completed downtown, averaging more than three per year.

80

The real bottom line, which shouldnt be lost in the tally of impressive figures and square footage, is that now Downtown Durham is a lively, vibrant, interesting place to be, at all times of day or night. And best of all, the American Tobacco project was able to change peoples assumptions about what they thought downtown to be, or what it could be, without allowing its

rich architectural heritage and history to go up in smoke. 81

American Tobaacco Campus . comthe Place to be for:

RestaurantsBasan http://www.basanrestaurant.com/

Cuban Revolution http://www.thecubanrevolution.com/

Mellow Mushroom http://mellowmushroom.com/store/durham

Moes Southweat Grill http://www.moes.com/

Nana Steak http://www.nanasteak.com/

Only Burger http://onlyburger.com/

Saladelia http://www.saladelia.com/

The District https://www.artinstitutes.edu/raleigh-durham/the-district-at-410

Tobacco Road http://www.tobaccoroadsportscafe.com/

Tylers Taproom http://www.tylerstaproom.com/

WXYZ Bar http://www.starwoodhotels.com/alofthotels/

Durham Performing Artshttp://www.dpacnc.com

Back Porch Music on the LawnOutdoor Music and Entertainment from May 12 until September 8

82

American Tobaacco Campus . com

RestaurantsBasan http://www.basanrestaurant.com/

Cuban Revolution http://www.thecubanrevolution.com/

Mellow Mushroom http://mellowmushroom.com/store/durham

Moes Southweat Grill http://www.moes.com/

Nana Steak http://www.nanasteak.com/

Only Burger http://onlyburger.com/

Saladelia http://www.saladelia.com/

The District https://www.artinstitutes.edu/raleigh-durham/the-district-at-410

Tobacco Road http://www.tobaccoroadsportscafe.com/

Tylers Taproom http://www.tylerstaproom.com/

WXYZ Bar http://www.starwoodhotels.com/alofthotels/

the Durham Bullshttp://www.milb.com

Durham Performing Artshttp://www.dpacnc.com

Back Porch Music on the LawnOutdoor Music and Entertainment from May 12 until September 8

the Power Plant Galleryhttp://powerplantgallery.org

the YMCAhttps://www.ymcatriangle.org

83

54

Frederick Augustus Olds

(18531935)Fred Olds was the father and founder of the

North Carolina Museum of History. As a

journalist in the 1880s and 1890s, he wrote

newspaper stories about North Carolina's

history. Olds asked readers to bring him their

artifacts from the state's past. He amassed

nearly three hundred objects, the basis for the

Hall of History, which opened in 1902. For the

next thirty-two years, Olds ran the museum.

He visited every county in the state at least

three times and collected almost 30,000 artifacts. Some of Olds' prized items (such as the alleged Blackbeard bottle)

are probably not authentic. But Fred Olds collected many genuine historical treasures and interested hundreds of

people in the state's history. Serving as the "Pied Piper of history" to children all over North Carolina was Frederick

Olds' greatest joy.

His legacy lives on in the modern North Carolina Museum of History.84

the North Carolina Museum of Historywhere the past comes to life

55 85

the North Carolina Museum of Historywhere the past comes to life

the People . . . those who came before us persevered great hardship to survive. They give us inspiration to believe in ourselves and in our future. The English, Scots, Irish, German, Native American, and African . . . each brought their talents, their hopes, and a love of North Carolina to this . . .

our "Goodliest Land".

Frederick Olds was an early advocate of "social history"

... history about and for the people.

Sauratown Woman: See a life-sized forensic reproduction of female associated with the Siouan-speaking Saura tribe, dating to the 1680-1715 period.

Siouan home:Walk into an authentic Siouan Indian home ... produced of simulated bark and bent tree stalks. Imagine cold winters, hot summers, and close family quarters.

Experience the lifestyle of our forebears.

86

the People . . . those who came before us persevered great hardship to survive. They give us inspiration to believe in ourselves and in our future. The English, Scots, Irish, German, Native American, and African . . . each brought their talents, their hopes, and a love of North Carolina to this . . .

our "Goodliest Land".

Two full-size historic houses immerse museum visitors in places where North Carolinians have livedand worked. One is the state's 4th oldest house. It is the restored house that carpenter

Solomon Robson built in Pitt County in 1742. The other is a slave cabin from the 1860s that was home to seven slaves.

Experience the lifestyle of our forebears.

87

88

the Conflicts . . .North Carolinians have answered the call to arms. They have been cautious to engage, but fierce and fearless on the battlefield . . . earning the name "tar heels". They would stick around when the fighting was tough.

Touch a cannon like Blackbeard's from the Queen Anne's Revenge and open a pirate's chest to see the bounty. Test your knowledge of whether a ship is friend or foe.

Watch a movie about North Carolina's role in the American Revolution, and view a model militia man.

See battle scars on Confederate flags carried in major battles, including Gettysburg.

Feel the division and pain of the Civil War. North Carolina was the second-to-last state to leave the Union, and loyalties were divided. More than 5,000 African-American men joined the Union Army regiments.

North Carolinians have answered the call to arms. They have been cautious to engage,

but fierce and fearless on the battlefield . . . earning the name "tar heels".

They would stick around when the fighting was tough.

Feel the division and pain of the Civil War. North Carolina was the second-to-last state to leave the Union, and loyalties were divided. More than 5,000 African-American men joined the Union Army regiments.

Read of the great bravery and heroism of North Carolinians in World War I and World War II. From

the Old Hickory division that broke the Hindenburg line to the replica of USS North Carolina

and her brilliant Naval victories.89

90

the Industry. . . Milk a cow. Gather eggs. Lift a bucket of water.

Interactive opportunities allow visitors to experience North Carolina's agricultural

past. Study an early cigarette making machine. The tobacco industry was dominant in North Carolina for many years.

Listen to the ear-piercing machinery, feel the vibrating floor and watch the lint fly in the weaving room of an early 20th century textile mill.

Agriculture dominated business in North Carolina throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. However, from the late 1800s until today our state

has been a leader in manufacturing and technology . . . from tobacco, textiles and furniture to medicine, banking and computers.

Experience the turn of the century where the Durham Traction Company (later Duke Power) erected a large electric sign as a gesture of thanks to downtown merchants. See banners and signs for women's suffrage and marvel at the early automobiles.

Gaze at the exquisite detail of gowns made by Willie Kay, a designer and seamstress who turned "dreams into dresses." Enjoy this and other passing exhibits that change throughout the year.

Agriculture dominated business in North Carolina throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. However, from the late 1800s until today our state

has been a leader in manufacturing and technology . . . from tobacco, textiles and furniture to medicine, banking and computers.

91

92

the Inventions . . .

Workshop of David Marshall "Carbine" Williams

North Carolina is home to a vast array of inventions . . . from aircraft, to medicine,

from food and drink, to weaponry. Our ancestors have worked from

their barns, their laboratories, their garages . . . and even in

prison to think, imagine and create.

Imagine . . . In August 1957 Igor Bensen landed a roadable gyrocopter at the state fairgrounds in Raleigh and then drove it to Cameron Village to do some shopping. Later his wife met him in a station wagon. They then packed the gyrocopter in the back and went home. The unusual flying machine was designed and manufactured by Bensen Aircraft Corporation, located near the Raleigh-Durham Airport. It was designed and sold to be assembled in a garage and provide air and road transportation.

Workshop of David Marshall "Carbine" Williams

Soar . . . The brothers tossed a coin to see who would first test the Wright Flyer on the sands of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. Older brother Wilbur won the toss, but his first attempt on December 14, 1903 was unsuccessful and caused minor damage to the aircraft. Three days later, Orville, in coat and tie, lay flat on his stomach on the planes lower wing and took the controls.

Marvel . . . at the story of Carbine Williams whose life is as fascinating as his inventions. At 19 Carbine had a reputation for making quality moonshine. A raid on his still in 1921 changed Carbine's life forever. The moonshiner got into a shootout with law enforcement officers and a deputy was killed. Carbine was convicted and sent to prison for 30 years. He spent endless days in solitary confinement thinking of ways to make more efficient firearms. In the prison blacksmith shop Carbine used scrap iron and wood to make gun parts. Here, Carbine invented the floating chamber and the short-stroke piston. The first gun Carbine made is in the museum exhibit. Other weapons invented by Williams include the U.S. Carbine, Calibre .30, and the M1.

Think . . . The inventor of the Gatling gun, Richard Gatling, whose first patent for a rice seed planter with a cartridge feeding mechanism was the inspiration and design for the firstmachine gun.

93

94

the Sports . . . North Carolinians Sports Hall of Fame is a 4,000 sq ft permanent exhibit gallery. It was established to, "celebrate excellence and extraordinary achievement in athletics." Inductees, who are elected annually, have donated momentos of their sports careers for display.

From Arnold Palmer's

Ryder Cup golf bag, to

Meadowlark Lemon's Harlem

Globetrotters basketball

uniform and Charlie,

"ChooChoo" Justice's jersey

. . . here is a fascinating

array of memorabilia from

great athletes in all sports.

Watch the thrilling moments of iconic games. Learn how each sport has evolved.

North Carolinians Sports Hall of Fame is a 4,000 sq ft permanent exhibit gallery. It was established to, "celebrate excellence and extraordinary achievement in athletics." Inductees, who are elected annually, have donated momentos of their sports careers for display.

Watch the thrilling moments of iconic games. Learn how each sport has evolved.

95

68

the North Carolina Museum of HistoryThe museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution. It is located at 5 E. Edenton Street

Raleigh, North Carolina and is open Monday through Saturday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Sunday: Noon to 5:00 p.m.

http://ncmuseumofhistory.org/

919-807-7900

Permanent Exhibits include:

The Story of North CarolinaA 20,000 sq ft exhibit that traces life in North Carolina from its first inhabitants through the

20th century.

North Carolina and the Civil Warthe Bitter End, 1864 - 1865

This exhibit begins in the spring of 1864, when heavy fighting in Virginia was thinning the ranks

of Tar Heel troops, and closes with the surrender of the CSS Shenandoah in Liverpool, England.

David Marshall "Carbine" WilliamsThe workshop of this famous inventor contains

examples of his weapon innovations and information about his life.

North Carolina Sports Hall of FameThe hall of fame celebrated its 50th year in 2013.

Enjoy audio, video, and interactive biographies as well as sports artifacts.

History of the HarvestThis outdoor exhibit connects the state's

agricultural past with today's cutting-edge research and development by universities and

companies.

Engaging

Interactive

96

75 69

Meet the StatuesLearn about the three statues on the museum steps. They include Frederick Olds, journalist

and founder of the museum. A Sauratown Woman who was approximately 18 to 21 years old. Historical and scientific research indicated

a costume comprised of a hood, dress, and possibly moccasins, made of brain-tanned

deerskin, sewn with sinew, and embellished with multicolored glass trade beads, wampum, and

brass hawk bells, triangles, cones and beads. And Thomas Day, perhaps North Carolina's most

unique and well-known cabinetmaker. Thomas Day was a free African American who, through his skills and personal endeavors, became one

of the most prolific producers of furniture in the state during the antebellum period.

History in every Direction: Tar Heel Junior Historian Association

Discovery GalleryLearn history through fun and informative hands-

on activities, along with award-winning projects by students from across North Carolina.

A Thousand Words: Photographs by Vietnam Veterans

Photographs taken by service personnel from the Piedmont Triad of North Carolina during

their tours of duty in Vietnam.

A 1920s Drug StoreNew to the museum, this exhibit shows a classic,

charming soda shop with shelves of cosmetics, medicines, and candies sold during the era.

Traveling Exhibits: There are several sections of the museum reserved for limited time exhibits. These are always intriguing, fun, and informative.

Hands-On

Poignant

97

The museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.

It is located at 5 East Edenton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina

and is open Monday through Saturday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

. Sunday: Noon to 5:00 p.m.

919-807-7900

Admission is Free

Donations are Appreciated 98

The museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.

It is located at 5 East Edenton Street, Raleigh, North Carolina

and is open Monday through Saturday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

. Sunday: Noon to 5:00 p.m.

919-807-7900

Admission is Free

Donations are Appreciated

http://ncmuseumofhistory.org/

99

100

ART

101

the North Carolina Museum of Art

102

the North Carolina Museum of Art

103

Building of the Year 2010

defying gravity

the nations largest museum park an amphitheater for outdoor performances

a permanent collection spanning more than 5,000 years 164 acres of trails and parkland containing major works of art

In 2010 architect Thomas Phifers creation, the West Building of the North Carolina Museum of Art, opened its doors. An ethereal structure with transparent qualities, the West Building was designed to infuse natural light, shadows and vibrancy into the renown works of the North Carolina Museum of Art collection.The buildings skin is a rain screen of pale, matte anodized-aluminum panels. These sheets are arrayed like great vertical

pleats that softly pick up surrounding colors and movement. Underlying strips of mirror-polished stainless steel angle the panels off the facade capturing broken, intriguing reflections. The landscape appears to permeate the solid walls only to re-emerge inside as a luminous foil to the works of art.

104

In some respects, the Museum can be considered a single 65,000 square foot room. Overhead, hundreds of elliptical oculi in long parallel vaults punctuate the interior with an even spectrum of daylight, modulated by layers that filter out damaging rays. This gently luminous setting is magnified by reflective pure white walls and gossamer window coverings. Large panes of glass cast the gardens as an intimate foreground to a larger landscape.

Equally liberating is the interior layout. A succession of wall planes, primarily free standing, float through the galleries. The open galleries encourage fluid movement inviting visitors to wander from Renaissance to Judaica, from Classical to Contemporary American, and from the

Renaissance to the Rodin court.

Museumgoers float freely from indoor galleries to outdoor sculpture courts or to the gardens and back again.

High ceilings, long sight lines, and the glow cast by overhead oculi create a sense of serenity. Visitors can perceive changes in the sky as lighting levels adjust to weather conditions. This captivating feature emphasizes the synergy that exists between the inner and outer

worlds.

It is easy to see why in 2010 the West Building of the North Carolina Museum of Art was acclaimed Building

of the Year.

The Museums history begins in 1924 with another Phifer, Robert F. Phifer, who