Lobitos Water Project 30/11/2016 Initial Plan · 30/11/2016 Initial Plan Team Manager: Bradley...
Transcript of Lobitos Water Project 30/11/2016 Initial Plan · 30/11/2016 Initial Plan Team Manager: Bradley...
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LobitosWaterProject30/11/2016InitialPlan
TeamManager:BradleyCunningham
DesignCoordinator:UmarHarithBinMatZaini
FinancialDirector:RobertBooth
RiskAssessor:DominicAlborz
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TABLEOFCONTENTSPREFACE 3
BUDGETANDBUDGETING 4
MAXIMUMMATERIALCOSTNECESSARYPERUNIT: 4
WATERTANKS: 4
ADDITIONALESTIMATEDCOSTS: 4
DESIGN 6
THEMATHEMATICALPREDICTIONSOFOURSYSTEM 7
DEWPOINTTEMPERATURE(1) 7
ABSOLUTEHUMIDITY(2) 7
AIRFLOWRATE(3)(BASEDON2INCHPIPING) 7
SUMMARY 8
SUMMARY 9
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Preface
Thisisasmallmanifestoofourinitialplan.Allinformationcontainedinsideissubjecttochangethroughouttheprojecthowever,asateam,wehavedecidedontheseideastobepresentedforviewingandconstructivecriticism.Ouraimthroughouttheprojecthasfourprinciplesinmind.Thisissimple,effective,efficientandcosteffective.Thishasbeenthedrivingforceofourideaswhilstalsotryingtointroduceengineeringprinciplesthatwehavebeentaughttoimproveourdesigns.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheinformationpresentedorwouldliketoadviseofcriticise,pleasedosoatlobitoswaterproject@outlook.com.Pleasealsonotethatabibliographywillnotbeprovided,however,wedohavetheseavailableonourpersonalcopiesandavailableuponrequest.
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BudgetandBudgeting
Maximummaterialcostnecessaryperunit:6mof4inch/2inchplasticpipe–S36/S22-£8.44/£5.162inchplasticright-anglejoint–S1.50-£0.353mof2inchplasticpipe(forpump)–S11-£2.58HandPumpestimatedcost(dependentonsupplier)-£18Blackfoil(potentialcondensingmaterial)persquaremetreestimatedcost-£0.50
Totalmaterialcostexcludingwatertank-£29.87/£26.59dependingonwhichpipeused.
WaterTanks:50LPlasticTank-£44.00105LPlasticTank-£70.70200LPlasticTank-£83.00Thesetanksarelargelynotaffordableastheyarenotmarketedforthistypeofuse.ThroughEWB:
1100L–S529-£124.242500L–S919.90-£216.05Othertankswouldhavetobeinquiredabout.
Aquickphoneinquirytoasubstantialplasticproducingcompanydetailedthata500Ltankwouldcometoabout£70.00per,andtheywillbehappytosupplysizesbetween500and7500L.HoweverthisisacompanyinNewZealandandwhilesimilarpricescouldbeexpectedinLobitos,itshouldbenotedthatthesupplierweactuallyendupusingmaybemoreexpensive.
Eachunitproducesalitreofwaterevery50hours;alargenumberofunitswouldberequiredtosustainLobitos.Assuming50Unitsaresetuptheexpectedcostwouldbebetween£4750and£5250.
AdditionalEstimatedCosts:Estimatedcostofpotentialturbineimplementation:£15perunit
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AdditionalpipemayberequiredandimplementationcostscouldbefairlyhighdependingonwhethertheyareinstalledindependentlyorthroughEWB.Intheeventofanygivenpartofthesystembreaking,eachpartisreplaceable,howeveritisquitelikelythatwilljustbethroughtheEWBsuppliers.Asthetankistheleastlikelyparttosufferdamage.
Wefoundaseriesofoildrumsthatcouldbeusedeffectivelyasourwatertank.Thesewatertanksare45gallon,orapproximately205litres.Acompanythatspecialisesinsellingthesedrumsproducestheseandtheycost£40eachplusshipping.Shippingisroughlyabout£15fromtheUStotheUK.IfweassumetheshippingcostsaresimilartoLobitos,althoughitcouldbeless,thiswillleadtoanoverallestimatedcostperunitof:£84.87/£81.59dependingonwhichpipeused.
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Design As we all know we will be build an underground condenser. The picture below is a
simple condenser to help us understands how simple condenser works.
So from this, I reckon we step up the condenser game. We have done some of these
before in the initial design:
1. Add a wind-powered turbine to create suction at the inlet and outlet (suck the
air out)
2. Some kind of ‘sail’ on top of inlet to guide the inlet to face the wind direction.
3. A filter inside or at the inlet of the condenser to avoid big debris coming in.
4. We wouldn’t have cooling water therefore we use the surrounding
(underground) to cool the dew to become water. Hence, plastic material must
be void as plastic it’s not a good conductor.
(cons: I suggest we use metal; however, it
may rust. If we use stainless steel it may be
expensive)
5. Place a 2.5x2x1 meter manhole for
maintenance purposes.
6. Put some sort of wire gauze or any method
to increase the surface area in the tank to
maximize the amount of water produce from
dew.
Computer design will be on the way.
(software: Solidwork, SketchUp)
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TheMathematicalPredictionsOfOurSystemForoursystemtogaugeitsproductioncapabilities,wefirsthavetoestablishwhatfactorswehaveintheenvironmentsurroundingitforwaterextraction.Thesefactorsaremoisturewithintheair,thetemperatureandtherelativehumidity.ObviousthesevalueswillapplytoLobitosandwillbetakenasanaverage.Iwillalsooutlinethesevaluessothattheycanbeamendedtosuitastheprojectprogressesifnewvaluesarefoundout(thevalueswillbeinred).Iwillalsoaddresstheaddedspeedonairintakewiththepressuredropinthesecondpart.Eachcalculationwillbeunderaheadingtoallowforeasylocating.
DewPointTemperature(1)Thetemperaturetowhichaparcelofairmustbecooledtoreachitssaturationpoint.
td = t -((!""!RH)!
)-WheretdisthedewpointtemperatureindegreesCelsiusandtistheobservedairtemperaturealsoindegreesCelsius.Thiswouldmakeourtd=24oC.Fromthisvalue,wenowknowthatwaterwillcondense,aswewillbefourdegreeshotterandthiswilldecreasewithourwindtunnel.However,asthesystemwillbeunderground(whichshouldbecooler),thisshouldallowforalowernumberasiftheobservabletemperatureislower,wewillhavealowervaluefortd.Forexample,ifweestimate23oCunderground,ourtdvaluewillbe13oC,whichwillincreasetherateofcondensation.
AbsoluteHumidity(2)Themeasurementofthedensityofwatervapourwithintheair
AH(g/m!) = 6.112×𝑒[
(!".!"×T)(T+243.5)]× RH × 18.02
273.15+ T × 100 × 0.08314
WhereAHistheabsolutehumidity,TistheobservabletemperatureinCelsius,RHistherelativehumidityinpercentagevalueandeisthebasenaturallogarithm.ThevaluewegethereforAHis21.770g/m3or0.022kg/m3.
AirFlowRate(3)(Basedon2inchpiping)
Qa = 60𝜋 ∙ 𝑣(!!)!-WhereQaistheAirFlowrate(m3/min),vistheairvelocity
(m/s)anddisthepipeinnerdiameterinmeters(forourestimation,wewillassumetheinnerdiameteris2inch),wewillalsouseanaverageairvelocityof6.6m/s(assumingthisisdirectedperfectlyatourairwellinlet).Forthis,ourAirFlowratewouldbe0.0152399m3/min.Wewillbeplanningonusingapressuredropsystemtoincreasethespeedoftheflowrate,howeverthecalculationsforthisaremuchmorecomplexandwillbediscussedifthisisfollowedthrough.
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SummaryUsingthesevalueswecanmakevariousassumptionsabouthowmuchwaterproductionwecanattain.Weknowthatweneedthecentraltanktobeatatemperatureof24degreesapproximatelywhichshouldbeattainablethroughtheairflowratethroughthepipingof0.0152399m3/minandtheabsolutehumidityof0.022kg/m3meansthat,ifweuseourAirFlowrate,wecanmultiplytheflowratebyourabsolutehumiditytoacquireouraveragekg/minofwaterproductionwhichis0.000335277kg/minor0.335277g/min.wecanthendivide1000bythisvaluewhichwouldgiveus2983minutestoachievealitreor50hourspersystembasedonthevaluesabove.Obviouslyitisunderstandablethatthisisalongtimetoacquirealitrehowever,thesystemispassiveanddoesnotrequireanyinputfromtheusersotheideawouldbetobuildupthewaterproductionfirstthenallowthistobeusedafteraweekperiodsothatstoresaretheirtobeused.Also,duetothecheapnatureofthesystem,morethanoneofthesestationscanbebuilt.Factorsdoneedtobenotedwithinthecalculationsthathavenotbeentakenintoaccount,forexample,thetemperaturewillobviouslychangeasthisisusing28oCasaconstanttemperaturewhereasthisisobviouslynotthecaseatnight.However,thisshouldstillbeconsistent,astheundergroundnatureofthesystemwillmeanthattheairwillstillbecooledasitreachesthecentraltank.
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SummaryOverallwefeelthatourprojectisprogressingtowardsmeetingourkeyprinciples.Obviouslyweunderstandthatthisisnotafinishedsystemandwillstillrequiremoreinputandwork,howeverwefeelthatitisimportanttopresentourideastootherteamsandtheEWBforscrutinyandconstructivecriticism.Ourfutureplansaretocreateacomputeriseddesignbeforetheendoftheyearandpresentthisonourblog.WealsoplantohaveaprototypebuiltbyFebruary2017andthenwewillhaveenoughtimetoadjustthisifrequired.Finallywewillcreateaninstructionmanualthenwriteupourfinalreports(bearinmindthatalotofstepshavebeenneglectedtobementionedbetweenthis.).