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GUIDE FOR Safe Loading and unloading on vehicles

Develop by: Associate IIRSM – Technician IOSH- NASP STS/SPS

Ammar HassanPDO site HSE representative HSE Coaching & AssuranceIRCA Global Oman

LOAD RESTRAINT

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentSafe Loading

Scope• To provides information and guidance to transport

operators, drivers, loading staff and key stakeholders who are involved in loading on vehicles

Objectives:• Aims to raise the awareness of and inculcate the

basic safety principles that must be followed, and to conduct proper risk assessment for the types of cargo transported.

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentBasic Principles

1. The load in a vehicle must at all times be in no danger to any person in or on the vehicle or on the road.

2. The load carried must at all times be secured totally, so that no danger to any person.

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentA. What is Safe Loading?

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentWhat is Safe Loading?

For any type of cargoes, that: Must be contained or secured, and safely

placed in / onto the vehicles Properly & adequately secured on vehicles Shall not cause danger to any persons,

including the driver Shall not cause danger to the public

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentWhat is Unsafe Loading?Incidents happened due to unsafe loading:

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What is Unsafe Loading?It means: Inadequately secured cargo could fall off the vehicle

cause traffic congestion and others could be hurt or killed.

Inadequately secured cargo could hurt or kill the driver during strong braking or a crash.

The steering of a vehicle can be affected by how the cargo is distributed and/or secured on the vehicle, making it more difficult to control the vehicle

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentTen Commandments for Safe Loading

1. Check the vehicle before loading2. Determine the securing method3. Check the blocking equipment4. Check the securing equipment5. Check the load distribution / Centre of Gravity

as low as possible

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentTen Commandments for Safe Loading

6. Check the cargo securing regularly7. Use equipment which supports cargo securing8. Ensure securing arrangements cause no damage

to the goods9. Drive smoothly, avoid sudden turn and heavy

breaking10.Ensure body conditions are fit for driving and/or

working 10

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• The center of gravity is the exact point on which the entire load will balance. For loads of consistent material, this point will always be near the center of the load.

• If a load contains materials with different weights or densities, the load center will be on the side containing the heavy material.

For example: If a pallet contains bricks on one side and pillows on the other, the center of gravity will obviously be closer to the side of the pallet containing the bricks.

• The distance from the edge of the load to the center of gravity is very important. If possible, the load must always be picked up on the side that is closest to the center of gravity. This will keep the load’s weight closer to the loader.

center of gravity

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• If not directly below the hook the load is unstable

• If the sling is free to slide across the hook the center of gravity will shift directly below the hook

• If two slings are used one will assume the greater share of the load

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For Safe Loading

General Requirements

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentVehicles for Different Cargo Loads

1. Different types of vehicles are used according to the types of loads

2. The vehicle must be designed for the load, i.e. anchor points, platform, headboard.

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentVehicles for Different Cargo Loads

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentHeadboard

1. Able to prevent the horizontal force when loads (e.g. metal bars, beams, pipes, girders, sheet metal, etc.) are liable to penetrate the cab of the vehicle in the event of failure of the securing devices.

2. The top load must not be above the headboard

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentTypes of Headboard

Headboard

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Headboard fitted on trailer

Headboard behind cabin

Headboard on lorry

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentStanchions

1. To provide lateral restrain of the loads

2. Must be extended to the height of the loads

3. Able to resist any outward movement of the loads

4. Sufficient number of stanchions shall be installed, e.g. 20-footer trailer (2 stanchions on each side), 40-footer trailer (4 stanchions on each side)

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentAnchorage Points

Anchorage points:

1. Points to hold the securing devices

2. Anchor points shall be provided to suit the type and nature of load

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentLoad Securing Equipments

Load Securing Equipments:Securing equipments such as

chains, rope, web, etc. should be considered depending on the type of load

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Lashing / Tie-down

1. To use adequate and proper lashing devices

2. Checked and retightened regularly

3. Tie-down method – Prevention of load movement by friction

4. Direct restraint method – Restrained load movement by containing, blocking and attaching

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentStacking / Placement of Cargoes

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1. Cargo placement is stable before applying lashing

2. Disposed uniformly

3. Centre of Gravity as low as possible

4. Every load must be secured or restrained

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Stacking / Placement of Cargoes

Stacking / Placement of Cargoes:

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentRoles and Responsibility

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1. To ensure that sufficient resources are available

2. To appoint competent persons to carry out the task

3. To ensure that risk assessment is being conducted and approved

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentOperation Personals

1. In-charge of operation planning and give instructions to drivers

2. To prepare the risk assessment for each operation

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incident Drivers

1. To check the vehicle and ancillary equipment

2. To take precautions to prevent vehicle movement during loading / unloading

3. To ensure that the cargo is properly loaded

4. To ensure that the load is secured

5. To report all loading issues 27

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentRISK ASSESSMENT

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentImportance of Risk Assessment

1. Identifying Hazards Hazards associated with activity

2. Assessing Risks Assess risk level based on severity &

likelihood

3. Prioritizing Controls Determine additional control measures

required to reduce the risk29

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentRoles of Risk Assessment

The Management and Operation Staff:

1. To equip with knowledge of risk assessment method

2. To recommend appropriate risk assessment for each operation

Driver:

3. To adhere to the established risk assessment to reduce the safety risk

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Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentRisk Assessment Form

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Company: XYP Co. Ltd Conducted by:(Name, designations)(Date)

Mark Man , Operation, Supervisor; Peter lee, Driver01 Jan.2014Process

/Location:Loading of Tyres on Vehicles

Approved by:(Name, designation)(Date)

Ali ,Director01 Dec.2013

Last Review Date

01 Jan. 2014

Next Review Date

01 Dec.2014

Necessary information required on the Risk Assessment Form:

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June 2002 32

ONE FIFTH OF WEIGHT UPWARDSRough Roads

Braking

Accelerating, or Reverse braking Cornering

(Both Sides)

LOAD RESTRAINT PRINCIPLES

HALF WEIGHT OF LOAD REARWARDS

HALF WEIGHT OF LOAD SIDEWAYS

FULL WEIGHT OF LOAD FORWARDS

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Pre-move route surveys are mandatory for high and wide loads including rig trailers (with ROP escort further in front).

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Basic requirements for load restraint

A vehicle that is appropriate for each load to be carried shall be selected, taking into consideration characteristics including:

the design and materials of construction of the vehicle;the maximum carrying capacity of the vehicle in relation to the weight

of the load and any mobile equipment (such as forklifts) that will be used on the vehicle for loading

the length, height and width of the vehicle in relation to the load, so that a load can be contained within the vehicle if possible and avoid the need for an escort.

Choice of vehicles

Main contractor name – LTI# - Date of incidentSafe Loading on Vehicles Guidebook

• To download a softcopy of the load restrain presentation

visit website: http://www.slideshare.net/ammar02

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Thank You !

Safety is in Our Hand