LNG lt ti f l t t d tl kLNG as alternative fuel - status and outlook Matthias Ritters 2013-06-19

Content

Why LNG as ship fuel?y pRegulatory developmentOverview on activities and technologiesLNG supply chain and bunkering Outlook for LNG as ship fuel

LNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 2

Drivers for using LNG as ship fuel1. 90%-95% reduction of Sulphur-oxide

i iemissionsrequired within Emission Control Areas (ECAs) by 2015required globally by 2020 pending a Sulphur content limits in bunker fuelsrequired globally by 2020, pending a review at IMO by 2025

2. reduction of Nitrogen-oxide emissions to IMO Tier III levels 3%

4%

5%Global Local

only for pure gas engines and dual-fuel four stroke enginesrequired within Emission Control Areas by 2016

0%

1%

2%

008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020by 20163. 20% to 25% reduction of Carbon-dioxide

emissionsMethane slip needs to be avoided

200

200

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

202

Methane slip needs to be avoided during bunkering and operation

LNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 3

World LNG estimated June 2013 landed prices

Source: US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, www.ferc.gov, $/mmBTU

LNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 4

F l i i d li d t th hiFuel price scenario – delivered to the shipFuel price scenario

40

50

HFO 2.7% S LSHF 0.5% SMGO 0.1% S LNG

30

mm

BTU

10

20USD

/m

0

10

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

LNG delivery costs of 4 USD/mmBTU have been added to the LNG wholesale price.

Source: GL-MAN container vessel advanced propulsion roadmap

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Regulatory developmentIMO issued interim guidelines in 2010. These are not mandatory for flag states.GL (and also other class societies) have issued their own guidelines. GL guidelines offer additional interpretationsoffer additional interpretations.IMO subcommittee BLG currently works on the IGF-code. The new target completion d t f th IGF C d t t 2015date for the IGF Code was set to 2015.LNG Bunkering is currently addressed • ISO TC 67 (ongoing)• BMVBS study (completed)• EMSA study (completed, not public yet)

GL guidelines (VI-3-1)g ( )

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Tarbit Shipping chemical tanker “Bit Viking” pp g g(GL 111552) converted to LNG as fuel

P ti lParticulars• Main engines 2 x WÄRTSILÄ 6L50DF -

5,700 kW ,• Integration of the LNGPac system

from Wärtsilä12 d ti 80% l d• 12 days operating on ~ 80% load

• 2 x 500 m3 LNG tanksSource: Wärtsilä

Classed GL 100A5 E3 ESP IW NAV-OC ERSChemical Tanker IMO Type-2Machinery: MC E3 AUT INERT RP2-50% yGF successful Sea Trial October 2011

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The first GL-classed OSV with LNG as ship fuel

Marine pollution prevention vessel for Finnish Ministry of Interior, STX Finland• three LNG-fuelled main engines plus LNG-fuelled auxiliary engines• dynamic positioning system with CPP, two podded propulsors and thruster• vessel capabilities included oil and chemical recovery capacity, highest ice class, helicopter

operations incl. refuelling, towing, fire fighting, crane operations, small craft operations

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Projects exploring LNG as ship fuel for MPV and RoPax

6,400 tdw MPV

20,000 dwt MPV

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GasPax – LNG fuelled RoPax

Main particulars:

Length over all 199,80 mBreadth moulded 28,60 mDraught 6,50 mSpeed 22 knMain engines 2 x 9000 kWgPassenger capacity 600Crew 50

LNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 10

GasPax – LNG fuelled RoPax

LNG capacity (fixed installed Type C-tanks) 585 m3

alternative LNG supply via trucks / alternative LNG supply via trucks / trailer on deck as range extender

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Projects exploring LNG as ship fuel for container vessels

GL 1200 TEU feeder (2009) IPP 4200 TEU (2011), AiP* by GL

DSME 14000 TEU (2011), AiP* by GL IHIMU 13000 TEU (2012), AiP* by GL

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*) Approval in Principle

LNG tank systems• Independent tanks are required,

designed in accordance with GL rules for liquefied gas carriers• Type A, B or CType A, B or C• Membrane tanks Mobile - Tanks

Type C-TankMembrane-Tank

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Approval in principle for LNG tank container system on IPP STREAM with 4200 TEU

In 2011, GL approved in principle the LNG supply system for the IPP CV STREAM with pp y ya fixed LNG tank with 1000 m3.Additional approval in principle has now been performed for a LNG tank volume pextension based on mobile tank containers delivering 1200 m3.Mobile LNG tank containers are seen as Mobile LNG tank containers are seen as technology suitable for short sea shipping and as range extender.

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Onboard systems for LNGOnboard gas supply: Dual fuel engines:

• Full secondary barrier / Drip Tray• Thermal separation from the ship structure • Ventilation 30 air changes / h

• 4 stroke engines are available• power range 1-18 MW• most relevant dual fuel engines have GL Type

Approval• Ex-proofed components, Gas sensors

Approval• 2 stroke engine are available

• power range 3 – 100 MW

MAN L51/60DF

Wärtsilä L50DF

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Supply chain options for LNG as ship fuel

local LNG production plant

small LNG tanker local LNG storageplant

LNG i &LNG import & export terminal

LNG bunker vessel

LNG end userLNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 16

Technical requirements for LNG bunkering

GL performed safety assessment of LNG bunker operations to develop technical requirements within German funded R&D project BunGas.Focus on bunker vessel, safe LNG transfer, bunker station and compatibility of involved systems.

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LNG supply and bunkeringGL and Hamburg Port Authority studied LNG bunkering in the port of Hamburg within the CNSS project. A hazard identification showed that a large LNG spill due to a collision is the most critical casespill due to a collision is the most critical case.The navigational safety study showed that the largest probability of a LNG bunker vessel is due to a collision when it is in transit.to a collision when it is in transit.

LNG bunker supply in north European ports will be made available with bunker vessels / barges.

Costs for LNG delivery by bunker supply vessel

4,55,0

U)

1000 cbm BSV in port1000 cbm BSV from Zeebruggeg

Sources for small cargoes of LNG are Rotterdam, Zeebrugge and Norway. Intermediate terminals are operating / planned in

1 01,52,02,53,03,54,0

ec c

ost (

USD

/mm

BTU

1000 cbm BSV from Zeebrugge3000 cbm BSV from Zeebrugge

several ports and bunker vessels will distribute small LNG quantities in port. 0,0

0,51,0

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

delivered net volume per yearsp

eSource: GL estimates

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Cost and benefits of LNG as ship fuel for container vessels

GL d MAN f d th j i t t d GL and MAN performed the joint study with focus on container vessels ranging from 2500 TEU to 18000 TEU.An extension is available for container feeder vessels (900 TEU to 2500 TEU).The study shows that operating share The study shows that operating share inside ECA, LNG-HFO price difference and LNG tank costs are the dominant parameters to be considered for future parameters to be considered for future LNG-fuelled propulsion solutions.Similar conclusions are valid for other ship typesship types.

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Outlook for LNG as ship fuel

Technologies• concepts and systems are availableRegulatory frameworkg y• the new target completion date for

the IGF Code was set to 2015BunkeringBunkering• today only with special permission• many studies completed / ongoing• local regulations expected soonCost-benefit• attractive payback for vessels in ECAsp y• significant environmental benefits

LNG as alternative fuel – status and outlook | 2013-06-19 | No. 20

For further information, ,please contact:

Matthias RittersMatthias RittersExecutive Vice President

Region Europe/Middle East/Africa

Email: matthias.ritters@gl-group.comTelephone: +49 40 36149 8786