LNG fuelling in Europe a growing opportunity for gas 

industryVaclav Chrz, 

vaclav.chrz@chartindustries.com

Chart Ferox, a.s. www.chart‐ferox.comwww.chartindustries.com; www.chartlng.com

MarcogasGeneral Assembly, Prague, 4 June, 2014

member of NGVA Europe, Czech Gas Association, Czech Industrial Gas Association, IGU PGC‐D LNG, 

MarcogasWG‐LNG 

LNG direct distribution to end usersthe boom started in Europe by 21st century 

• Number of satellite stations more than 1000 (inlcudingTurkey) 

• Supplied by trucks, ISO containers and small sea cariersAround 1 billion (109) Sm3/year

Combined system ‐ Skangass, Oera, Norway6400 m3 total tanks gross volume, supplied by a 6000 m3 LNG carrier for• Re‐gasification to local pipelines• Road distribution by trailers• Ship fueling

Advanced LNG chain 

Receiving terminal

Ocean LNG carrier

Pipeline

ISO container

Rail car

Small liquefierstranded gas ,  biogasor from pipeline

Vehicle fueling station

Overlapping of pipeline and Small LNG systems

LNGLNG LNG

SEA

SHORE

PORT

50 bar

20 bar 3 bar

Filling trailers orrail cars

LNG „virtual pipeline“ (trailers)

Pipeline gas

LNG

Vaporization2% gas 

consumption

Re‐compression

50 bar40 bar

LNG storage tanks

150 km

Direct distribution of LNG additional  20% market segment

LNG in vehicle fuelling ‐ Europe • 2013 – transition from pilot projects to full scale reality • The growth of new L‐NGV registrations is estimated up to 500 

units/year in Europe. Clean Air Power / Volvo, Rolande / IVECO, and other projects have been well documented within the NGV press.

• Estimate of gas consumption for 1000 vehicles by the end of 2014: 73 million Sm3/yearStill low compared to CNG vehicles, but rapid growth can beexpectedas result of economical and environmental pressureand facilitated by growing infrastructure and LNG supply. 

LNG trucks and busses in USAUSA – started 1993, Chart technology 7000 vehicles70 public LNG filling stations , 80 new in 2013  

Map of LNG fillingstations

Forecast: 30% trucks on LNG in 2020 (mostly long distance transportation) 

AustraliaAustralia – started 2004, Chart technology. 250 LNG trucks in operation

Map of LNG fillingstations

forecast: 5000 LNG trucks soon

a truck with three500 liter fuel tanks2000 km autonomy

China40 000 LNG trucks and 40 000 busses in operation (2013)

Forecast: 320 000 LNG vehiclesin 2015

filling station for 100 LNG busses

100 LNG busseswithLNG hybrid system

LNG bus in HangZhou

Europe ‐ forecastCan we forecast 100 000 in 2020? Target of European Commission: 20% fuel consumption – alternative fuels (10% natural gas) if 1% on LNG = 43 billion Sm3/year(equals to the capacity of the Transit pipelineRussia – Ukraine – Germany) 

Examples of operating LNG truck fleets

Fleet operators: Rolande, DHL, UPS, Coca‐Cola, Tesco, ASDA, Simon Loos, VOS Logistics ...

Original Truck manufacturers: Iveco, Volvo, Mercedes, Scania, MAN  

Fuelling station vendors: Chart, Cryostar, ...

LNG suppliers: LNG terminals: Barcelona, Zeebrugge, Rotterdam,... upcoming: SwinoujscieLocal liquefiers: Odolanow, Grodzisk, Kaliningrad,... 

Gas companies: Gazprom, Shell, Gas Naturel, PGNiG, .... 

LNG busses11 SOLBUS originalmanufaturer‘s busesoperate in Olsztyn19 other ordered.35 for Warszawa

Conversion of MAN bus to LNGin Netherlands

Standards for LNG fuelled transport• ISO 12991 – LNG vehicle fuel tanks – valid standard since 2012

• ISO 12614 – Components of LNG vehicle fuel systems (TC22/SC25/WG2) – ready for adoption 2014 

• ISO 12617 – LNG fuelling connector (TC22/SC25/WG2) – on thelast ballot, 

adoption expected 2014

• ISO/DIS 16924 – LNG stations for fuelling vehicles (TC252/WG2) DIS sent for the ballot

adoption expected 2015

• UN ECE R110 with LNG ammendmentFuel systems of CNG and LNG vehicles

adoption expected in July 2014 

What is the optimum LNG station technology ? A scalable range of stations, 

which allows gradual growthof the fueling system infrastructure.

–Mobile containerized stationspilot projects, low costs, fueling at several locations

– Movable skidded stationssmall projects, easy to install, easy to move to another location, easy approval

– Permanent full scale stations(still movable and extendable) large storage and fuelling capacity, distant control, customer and operator‘s comfort

Mobile containerized stations – 20‘Full function station with saturation of LNG, LNG pump, up to 150 liters/min,flowmeter, printer and fueling hose w connector.  Automatic flow control. 

ISO container frame 20‘  volume 20 m3 .... up to 8500 kg LNG 

hydraulic oil drive from the truck...

...or with electricityfrom a local socket

Possibility of additional ISO container with8500 or 18500 kg LNG

Chart Ferox for Gazprom, for LNG busses at Olsztyn, Poland, operation since 2013

Mobile containerized stations – 40‘

Full function station with LNG pump,saturation of LNG, flowmeter, printer and fuelinghose with connector

ISO container frame 40‘  volume 43,5 m3 .... up to 18500 kg LNG  

Serves as a mobile fuelling station or an LNG delivery unit.  

Chart Ferox for Gascom, Germany, operation since 2013

Movable skidded stations

30 or 60 m3 LNG storage (12 000 or 24 000 kg LNG) LNG automatic saturation, automatic pump control, MID dispenser, loading with tanker pump or with own pump, Container for control system and air compressor

Chart Ferox for a customer in UK, operation 2014

Permanent full scale stations

Full scale station with two pumps/two dispensers, 2 × 60 m3 (37 ton) cold and saturated LNG available, card‐pay system, GSM distant control

Chart for Shell in Canada, operation 2013

LNG fueling infrastructure from pilot to full scale plants2015

2016

2017

20‐43 m3 Mobile

30‐60 m3Movable

2x60 m3 Permanent station

50+ fuelings

180+ fuelings

90+ fuelings

Optimal fleets ‐minimum size:Mobile LNG station 20‘ 20 trucksMovable LNG station 40 trucksPermanent LNG station     150 trucksThese 3 stations can serve LNG for 

210 to 320 trucks

Optimal fleets ‐minimum size:Mobile LNG station 20‘ 20 trucksMovable LNG station 40 trucksPermanent LNG station     150 trucksThese 3 stations can serve LNG for 

210 to 320 trucks

90+ fuelings 50+ fuelings

50+ fuelings

3‐7 t/day

8‐20 t/day

29‐45 t/day

example:

30‐60 m3Movable

20‐43 m3 Mobile

20‐43 m3 Mobile

LNG Blue Corridors – EU project

Blue Corridors(2013 to 2017)

14 permanent andmobile LNG fuelling stations

100 LNG trucks

Total investment14,3 M€

Funding8 M€

Extension to theEast is needed

for economyof transportation

for cleaner air,so heavily polutedin transit countries

Extensionof routesfor the green trucks of thewestern fleets.  

Compare to: 150 LNG truck fueling stations in USA by end of 2013

Suggestion of a 14°East‐plus projectfor international transit 

(case study exercise)

Recommended distance between LNG stations  400 km

LNG truck autonomy for a trip and return

1000 km (2 × 500 km)

470 km

398 km

341 km

365 km

309 km

327 km

359km

432km

400 km367 km

Six stations coverthe territoryof the „Visegrad“ countries

LNG 72 t/d Kaliningrad

LNG bussesoperating

LNG terminaloperation 2015 idea LNG („Visegrad“)

206 km

return routes

14°E

14°E

LNG Blue Corridors – 14°E+Blue Corridors(2013 to 2017)

14 permanent andmobile LNG fuelling stations

100 LNG trucks

Total investment14,3 M€

Funding8 M€

Blue Corridors14°E+(2015+ ??)

6 permanent andmobile LNG fuellingstations

50 LNG trucks(the system cansupport 300+ trucks)

Total investment6 M€

14°E

LCNG technology• Fuelling of CNG cars from LNG tanks with high‐pressure pumps and vaporizers. 

• Independence from pipelines. • Low energy consumption on site• Low CAPEX • Helps to development of regular CNG fuellingopportunities

L

saturation vaporizer

LNG tankLNG trailer

LNG pump in cryo‐vessel

LNG dispen‐ser

truck driven by LNG

productvaporizer

high‐pressureLNG pump

Odorizer

high pressure buffer

CNG dispen‐ser

lorrydriven by CNG

SCHEMA OF LNG AND LCNG REFUELLING STATIONS

MARINE APPLICATIONS Drivers of ship LNG fuelling: 

Change of emmission limits eliminate heavy oil with high sulphurcontent. 

LNG seems to be a suitable economical and clean alternative. 

Emmission Control Areas: Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterraneum(Europe is surrounded with EPA‘s) ... and other in the world. Effective 2015. Worldwide emmission limits: 2020 (both the deadlines may be postponed.)

MARINE APPLICATIONS LNG ferry re‐fueling stationHalhjem, Norway

Delivered by Chart Ferox in 2005 

Two vacuum insulated tanks, 2 × 500 m3 capacity

Filling pump: 1700 liter/minute

Station located in a recreation area

ferry re‐fueling point

High speed ferry, operation 2013• Ship builder: Incat Australia for Buquebus South America• LNG fuel system: Chart Ferox (delivered)• Ferry line: across the mouth of the river La Plata 

Buenos Aires to Montevideo (200 km) • Basic parameters: 

– speed of 50 knots (93 km/h), – carrying 1000 passengers – and 153 cars. 

Vacuum insulated double wall fuel tanks: High impact strength. Excellent fire safety even in case of loss of vacuum and surrounding pool fire. Long holding time of LNG.

Nominal annual LNG consumption:38 mil. Sm3 

„Francisco“

Conclusions• LNG applications in onshore and marine transport are 

becoming an important development vector in gas industryand transportation. 

• LNG technology for vehicle and ship fuelling is mature andreliable. 

• Substitution of heavy oil, Diesel and gasoline by LNG bringsreduction of CO2 emmissions and air polution. 

• LNG has the best forecast of long time supply. 

Thank you for your attention

Vehicle LNG tanks and systems LNG and LCNG fuelling stations

LNG ISO containers 20 and 43,5 m3 LNG trailers