LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do...

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LN# 6 Life Substances

Transcript of LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do...

Page 1: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

LN# 6

Life Substances

Page 2: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

How are cells organized?• Cells are specialized to

do specific jobs.• Cells do not work alone.• Many thousands of cells

make up a tissue.• Tissue = a group of cells

that work together to perform a specific function.

• Organs are made of many types of tissue.

Muscle Cell

Muscle Tissue

Organ

Organ system

Organism

Page 3: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

What are cells made of?

• Cells are made of 4 types of macromolecules.

• Macromolecules are large molecules used by your body.

• The 4 types of macromolecules are polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

Page 4: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

Macromolecule Structure

• All macromolecules have the same basic structure.

• The large molecule (polymer) is made by joining smaller molecules (monomer) together.

Page 5: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

Polysaccharides

• Polymer = polysaccharides.

• Monomer = Monosaccharides.

• Function = – store energy,– provide structure,– used by cell for

identification and building material.

• Sacchar means sugar.• This group of molecules

are carbohydrates or sugars.

Page 6: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

Lipids (fats)

• Polymer = Lipids• Monomer = glycerol

and fatty acid tails.• Function =

– Important part of membranes.

– Store energy, one gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of carbohydrate.

– Protection and cushion of organs.

– Insulation.

Page 7: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

Nucleid Acids

• Polymer = Nucleic Acids

• Monomer = Nucleotides

• Function = – Stores genetic

information in the form of a code.

– Instruction for making proteins.

DNA

Nucleotide

Page 8: LN# 6 Life Substances. How are cells organized? Cells are specialized to do specific jobs. Cells do not work alone. Many thousands of cells make up a.

Proteins

• Polymer = Proteins• Monomer = Amino acids• Function =

– Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes).

– Pump molecules in and out of the cell.

– Allows cell to move.– Protect against disease.– Hormones are proteins.

Protein being made by the cell.