LLLT Mechanisms of Action
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Transcript of LLLT Mechanisms of Action
BIOFLEX LASER THERAPYMechanisms of Action
●The human body contains over 35 trillion eukaryotic cells.
Introduction
● Each of these contains the same components, one of which is the light-sensitive organelle known as the mitochondria.
Light Effects on Energy ProductionThe Eukaryotic Cell
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are often referred to as the “powerhouse” or “energy center” of the cell.
The Mitochondria
The mitochondria uses the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) to generate energy rich molecules for the cell, the most important being ATP.
The Electron Transport Chain
NADH Dehydrogenase
Cytochrome bc1 Complex
Cytochrome c Oxidase
ATP Synthase
● The ETC uses electrons (e) to create a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)
● As electrons move along the subunits of the ETC, protons are pumped across the IMM into the intermitochondrial space.
● The ATP synthase then uses this proton gradient as the energy source to produce ATP back across the IMM.
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
e e eIMM
H+
H+H+ H+
H+
e
ADP+P
ATP
H+H+
H+
Injured and inflamed tissue result in the formation of mitochondrial nitrous oxide (NO).
Inflammation & Cytochrome c OxidaseCytochrome c
Oxidase
NO
NO
NO
NO Injury & Inflammation
NO is an inhibitor of the Cytochrome c Oxidase (CCO). If present in the mitochondria, NO binds to CCO and reduces its proton pumping efficiency. This leads to lower production of ATP.
NONO NO
NO
CCO is a photoacceptor
Light must be absorbed by a photoacceptor in order for a photochemical reaction to take place.
All photons which are transmitted through or reflected away from the tissue produce no effect.
At wavelengths of 660 and 830/840 nm, Cytochrome C Oxidase is most efficient absorbing light.
Cytochrome C Oxidase (CCO) Absorption
Research suggests that light at the wavelengths of 660nm and 830/840nm has been shown to induce dissociation of NO from the CCO.
The Effect of LightCytochrome c
Oxidase
NONONO NO
ATP
Removal of NO allows the CCO to return to optimal proton pumping capacity.
In turn this results in an increase of ATP production in what was otherwise damaged/injured tissue.
R Role of ATP● ATP is the main source of
energy for the majority of cellular functions:○ Synthesis of
macromolecules, DNA, RNA, proteins, intracellular/extracellular signalling
● These functions lead to:○ Enhanced connective tissue
& cytoskeleton repair○ Nerve function recovery○ Resolution of pain and
inflammation
How The BioFlex SolutionOur BioFlex patented technology utilizes red and near infrared light in order to irradiate diseased and traumatized tissue. Based on extensive clinical research the BioFlex system has been designed to emit wavelengths at these specific frequency to provide the best clinical outcomes.
The BioFlex Duo Array emits red light at 660nm and infrared light at 840 nm
The BioFlex Infrared Probe emits infrared light at 830nm