Amnesty international and who,unesco

Course: LLB IISubject : Public International Law

Unit: 2

PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS

What is Amnesty International?What does Amnesty do?Amnesty worksAmnesty International U of O chapter

AT IS AMNESTY?Amnesty International is an international, non-governmental organization with the stated purpose of promoting all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards.

OUR VISION…

A world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards

OUR MISSION…Prevent and end human rights abusesPromote freedom of conscience and expressionPromote freedom from discrimination

SPECIFIC PURPOSES

Free all prisoners of conscienceFair trial To abolish the death penalty and tortureTo end extrajudicial executions

WHAT DOES AMNESTY DO?

Raise Public Raise Public AwarenessAwarenessLetter WritingLetter WritingPressure governments Pressure governments

to end human rights to end human rights abusesabuses

WHAT DOES AMNESTY DO?

Mobilize expertsMobilize expertsSearch for facts Search for facts from different from different sourcessourcesOrganize peaceful Organize peaceful protestsprotests

AMNESTY WORKS!!!

2 million members – 150 countries 40,000 political prisoners have been freed worldwideNobel Peace Prize for “contributing to securing ground for freedom, for justice, and thereby also for peace in the world”

AMNESTY WORKS!!!

Ryan Matthews was just seventeen years old when charged with capital murder. He spent 5 years on Louisiana’s death row. The charges were dropped in August 2004. He is now, rightfully, a completely free man.

U of O CHAPTER

Letter writing partiesEducational moviesRegional ConferencesFundraisersRadio Show

Walk to stop Violence against WomenWork with other student organizationsGlobalization weekCandle lighting…

Activities:

World Health Organization (WHO)

World health organization (WHO)

• History :

• The World Health Organization was established in 1948. Its stated aim was to attain higher levels of health for all people. To that end, the organization promotes public health measures like safe drinking water, good sanitation, immunization against possible disease, reduction of hunger and birth control. These are matters that WHO inherited from its predecessor, the Health Organization of the League of Nations. The World Health Organization was one of the U.N.'s first agencies and one of its key initiatives

World health organization (WHO)

• Function• To combat issues like hunger, sanitation and disease, WHO is

one of the world's fact-gathering organizations. WHO does not do its own research but encourages independent research in biomedical and health arenas throughout the world. The organization works with more than 500 international collaborating centers to collect and publish this research. WHO arranges international medical conferences and coordinates exchanges of researchers and medical workers who travel around the world to promote the organization's aims.

World health organization (WHO)

• Geography and Organization:

• The World Health Organization functions across the world. The organization's home office is in Geneva, but it is represented by more than 190 countries, or members. These members include almost all U.N. countries, along with two non-U.N. members. The organization's general assembly meets once a year to appoint leaders and consider financial policies for the coming year. WHO is financed by its member states, private donors and its private-sector partnerships

• United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Around the globe .....

• 50 Field Offices• 10 Regional Bureaux• 21 National Offices• 2 Liaison Offices• 11 UNESCO Institutes and Centres

UNESCO’s origins

• Initial idea floated during an Allied Ministerial Conference in London in 1942

• UNESCO Constitution signed by 30 countries represented at the London Conference in November 1945

• UNESCO set up in Paris in November 1946• Now has 193 Member States + 6 Associate Members

UNESCO’s Mission

• UNESCO’s fundamental mission:

– " …………. to contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among the nations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations " Article 1(1) of UNESCO’s Constitution

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=6206&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

What UNESCO does …

• Recommends the adoption of international agreements promoting the free flow of ideas

• Cooperates in efforts to advance mutual knowledge and the understanding of peoples

• Supports efforts to maintain, increase, and disseminate knowledge

• Assists in the preservation of cultural patrimony and world heritage

• Functions as a laboratory of ideas and a standard-setter on issues in its fields of competence

• Helps Member States build their human and institutional capacities

• Promotes international co-operation among Member States and Associate Members

UNESCO’s structure …

• General Conference• Executive Board• Director-General• Secretariat

UNESCO Secretariat

• Programme Sectors– Education – Natural Sciences – Social and Human Sciences – Culture – Communication and Information– Special Themes

• Support Sectors– External Relations and Cooperation– Administration

• Central Services– Secretariat of the General Conference– Secretariat of the Executive Board – Office of the Director General– Bureau of Strategic Planning– Bureau of the Budget– etc. etc . ……

• Field Offices and Institutes

UNESCO’s main fields of action • Education,• Natural Sciences• Social and Human Sciences• Culture• Communication and Information • Also works on Special Themes

– Gender– Poverty Eradication– HIV/AIDS– Heritage– Climate Change, etc.

• Cooperates with UN Institutions and a range of other organisations in areas of common interest

UNESCO and Copyright ..

• Universal Copyright Convention adopted under UNESCO’s aegis in 1952

• Awareness-raising and capacity-building projects• Information and training• Research in the field of copyright law• Works within the framework of the Global

Alliance for Cultural Diversity http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24468&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Copyright Tools and Resources

• Basic Notions about Copyright and Related Rights• What is Copyright?• Copyright Bulletin• Collection of National Copyright Laws• Anti-Piracy• UNESCO Chairs• Guide to the Collective Administration of Author’s Rights

Conventions and Committees• Universal Copyright Convention• Intergovernmental Copyright Committee

Keeping track of information and events worldwide

• Monitoring the press and the media• Online resources • Information supplied by UNESCO Field Offices and

UNESCO Institutes worldwide • Information sent through HERMES system for

cataloguing into UNESDOC by the Library• Personal and professional contacts• Rather decentralised approach – several UNESCO

units are involved in searching for and managing information

Collection development on a budget• UNESCO a major publisher in its own right – UNESCO Library gets (or

should get !!) all UNESCO publications • Library also benefits from donations of materials – individual books from

interested academics through to occasional suites of furniture from generous governments

• Prioritises spending on online services and periodicals, and important reference resources

• Purchases materials where there is a clear relevance to UNESCO’s programmes and fields of interest

• UN Purchasing Consortium – UNSEIAC – for online subscriptions (often with paper journals thrown in for free)

• Money is tight – UNESCO targets spending on ‘frontline’ sectoral programmes rather than ‘support’ functions like the Library• Elaborate financial procedures and inflexible bureaucratic controls have

caused practical difficulties when managing Library budgets

Reference • 1. http:// student.ozarks.edu (amnesty)• 2. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-

URL_ID=3973&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html• 3. http://www.unesco.org/library• 4. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-

URL_ID=12313&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html