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Liz O’DeaDepartment of Geosciences
Integrating GIS and Community Mapping
into Secondary Science Education:
A Web GIS Approach
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Introduction
GIS: program combining mapping, data, and analysis tools
GIS and Secondary education Growing interest
Slow growth in use
Success limited (time, resources)
Time wasted teaching technology
Global data common, local data desired
Less complex GIS options needed
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What is web GIS?Basic GIS functions with Internet technology
Accessible via the Web
Less complex interface
Easier to use as tool
Web GIS as potential solution
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Objectives
Is web GIS a viable option for GIS in education?
What are the benefits and limitations of web GIS use in education?
What are some factors of success?
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The Tahoma Virtual Atlas
Model online physical geographic community atlas
Created for Tahoma School District’s secondary science classes
Developed using Arc Internet Map Server
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Benefits of GIS in Education
Provides new perspective
Interactive nature increases learning
Ideal for student-centered classrooms
Problem solving and spatial reasoning skills
Interdisciplinary = “real world”
Complements science curriculum nicely
Exposure to modern mapping methods
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Current Status
2% of high schools own a GIS
Only half of those schools use it
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Why so low? Full GIS too technical for most teachers Time consuming:
Learning Teaching (takes away from core curriculum)
Lack of resources Training Adequate technology Money to support these
Few curriculum resources
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Efforts to Increase Use
Organizations Nonprofit, government, university
Software ArcExplorer, ArcVoyager
Trainings
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Web GIS
Recent technology Static maps vs. functionality
Local GIS programs and data not required
Used by GIS novices and experts
Can be tailored to meet needs
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Arc Internet Map Server (ArcIMS)
Advanced web GIS
Product of ESRI
Simplified ArcView Basic GIS functions
Single interface
Uses ArcView Shapefiles
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Manager
Web Server
ArcIMSConnectors
ApplicationServer
SpatialServer
ViewersClient
Server
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The Tahoma Virtual Atlas
Tahoma School District, Washington
Online physical geographic community atlas
Secondary integrated science curriculum
Tool that compliments field trips
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Planning
Initial design: Physical geographic theme
• Integrated: geology, hydrology, climate, vegetation
Pierce and King Counties• Field trip locations
Goals: Provide teachers access to local data
Tool to build upon
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Data
Base Data Layers Physical Geog. Layers
Roads Land Cover
Streams Land Use
DEMs (contours, aspect, slope)
Geology (surface, faults, earthquakes, slides)
Political Boundaries Wetlands
Watersheds Precipitation
PLSS Grid
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Data Compilation
Internet download, CDs, tables
Acquired from various sources County governments
University of Washington
Federal Government Agencies (BLM, USFS, USGS)
Created (contours, slope, aspect, earthquakes)
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Data Processing
Most time consuming Many formats, projections
Final format: State Plane WA, North Zone Projection
ArcView Shapefiles
grids and images: GeoTIFF format
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Data challenges
Scale issues Original scale: large = more detail
Joining Layers Matching features
Matching tables
Differing scales
Most added separately (too time consuming)
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ArcIMS Installation
ArcIMS 3.1 Installed Dell Precision Workstation
Windows 2000 Workstation
Requires web server and Java components to be installed first
Apache Web Server, Jakarta Tomcat• Secure and stable
Long, painful process
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Site Creation
ArcIMS Manager easy to use
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Authored Map Service:
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Designed Web Site:
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Site Customization
Default site unattractive Manual edits to HTML and JavaScript files:
Changed colors Added links to accessory pages created:
• Introductory page• Help page• Metadata page• Disclaimer
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Toolbar
Text Box Links
Layers/Legend
MapFrame
Page Overview
Mode Frame
OverviewMap
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Implementation
Introduced atlas to teachers brief training Sample lesson Survey
Teacher using in class 3 days later! Migration from OSU to high school Train future site manager
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The Final Product
Many functions: Choose layers to display
Zoom/pan
Identify, search, query features
Measure, buffer features
Print layout
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Metadata
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Uses of the atlas
Enhance science lessons with local data Volcanic activity, earthquakes
Watershed studies
Mapping skills
Local affects of global warming
Investigate study sites
Add new layers
Develop temporal database (i.e., water quality)
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Data Observations
Factors of consideration Scale
Quality
Metadata quality variable
Area too large
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ArcIMS Observations
Challenging to install
IMS Manager and site sometimes quirky
Slow site speed = frustrated students
Customization challenging Need programming skills
Maintenance may be too challenging for teachers
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Web GIS in Education
Addresses time issues: Less training needed Focus on educational standards
Addresses resource issues: Web browser only requirement Use from any computer
Lead to increased GIS use in education Same data sets accessible with ArcView
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Community Mapping
Local data more interesting Students relate better
Local issues Global issues
Incorporate hands-on learning Create new data in the field
Web GIS makes access easier
Connect students with community
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Conclusions
Not answer for everyone
As technology improves, feasibility will increase
Success depends on teachers
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Conclusions (cont’d.)
Easy to access and use
Tool to enhance curriculum
Use ArcView for more depth
Atlas can be expanded
Web GIS and fieldwork = unique opportunity
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Future Work
Curricula development
Follow-up study of use in classrooms
Create new atlas pages, tailored to lessons
Simpler web GIS = greater use
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Thank You!Thank You!
http://www.geocities.com/gisliz2002