INTRODUCTION TO THE COLD WAR “Living in the Shadow of the Bomb”
Living with the Bomb
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Transcript of Living with the Bomb
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Living with the BombLiving with the Bomb
Mr. BachAccelerated world history
Hudson high school
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The Mahabharata (5The Mahabharata (5thth Cent. Cent. BC)BC)
• A single projectile charged with all the power in the Universe...An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as 10,000 suns, rose in all its splendor...it was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes an entire race.
• • "The corpses were so burned as
to be unrecognizable. Their hair and nails fell out, pottery broke without any apparent cause, and the birds turned white.
• • "After a few hours, all foodstuffs
were infected. To escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves into the river."
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Trinity – July 16, 1945Trinity – July 16, 1945
• “I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.”– J. Robert
Oppenheimer (quoting the Bhagavad Gita)
• “Now we’re all sons of bitches.”– Ken Bainbridge
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The Race to Split the AtomThe Race to Split the Atom
• Albert Einstein informs FDR of the potential to build an atomic bomb (August 2, 1939)
• Worried that Hitler has started to pursue the bomb.
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The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project
• The nation’s best physicists are assembled at Los Alamos Lab (New Mexico) to build an atomic weapon.
• Uranium Enrichment Plant built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
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J. Robert OppenheimerJ. Robert Oppenheimer
• Manhattan Project Director
• Becomes an outspoken opponent of the bomb after WWII
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The First Sustained Nuclear The First Sustained Nuclear ReactionReaction
• Enrico Fermi creates the first man-made nuclear reaction under the football stands at the University of Chicago.
• December 2, 1942.
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How Does a Nuclear How Does a Nuclear Reactor Work?Reactor Work?
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Red Gate WoodsRed Gate Woods
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GadgetGadget
• The first atomic bomb is exploded in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945.
• The U.S. has now entered the Atomic Age.
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How Does an Atom Bomb How Does an Atom Bomb Work?Work?
• Atomic fission (splitting nuclei)– Byproducts = heat and gamma radiation
• Unstable elements needed to build a bomb, 2-3 pounds of:– Uranium-235 or– Plutonium-239
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Fission ReactionFission Reaction
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Stages of the Atomic BlastStages of the Atomic Blast
• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) – wipes out all electrical devices
• Flash of light – will burn corneas• Intense heat flash – vaporize people near
ground zero• Blast wave – pressure from bomb flattens
buildings• Heat wave – fire then fills the void of the
blast wave and burns
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Radioactive FalloutRadioactive Fallout
• Radioactive debris starts to fall from the sky
• Causes gene mutation in living things and death from radiation sickness
• Environment becomes uninhabitable• Nuclear Winter – fallout debris blots
out the sun.
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Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki
• August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima (immediately kills 80 thousand people)
• August 9. 1945 – Bockscar drops “Fat Man” on Nagasaki (immediately kills 60 thousand people)
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Then . . . August, 29, Then . . . August, 29, 19491949
• Soviets test “Joe #1”
• Soviets obtain technology for A-Bomb partly through espionage– Causes fear and
panic in the United States
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The Hydrogen BombThe Hydrogen Bomb
• Nicknamed the “Superbomb”
• Edward Teller – Father of the Hydrogen Bomb
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Fusion ReactionFusion Reaction
• Atomic bomb is the detonator for a Fusion bomb.
• Fuses together the nuclei of hydrogen to create helium– The Power of the
Sun
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Fusion ReactionFusion Reaction
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The Hydrogen BombThe Hydrogen Bomb
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So Why is So Why is “World War III” “World War III”
a Cold War?a Cold War?