Living things 2015

LIVING THINGSWHAT DO ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE IN COMMON?

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

NUTRITION INTERACTION

REPRODUCTION

What are living things made up of?

INORGANIC SUBSTANCES ORGANIC SUBSTANCES (carbon)

WATER GLUCIDS

MINERAL SALTS PROTEINS

LIPIDS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

CELLSTypes of cells.

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Common Features of All Cells

phschool.com

ANIMAL CELL AND PLANT CELLCell membrane

Cytoplasm

Small vacuoles

Mitochondria

NucleusNucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Bigvacuoles

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

Organelles

AnimalAnimal cellcell Plant cellPlant cell

TYPES OF NUTRITIONAUTOTROPHS - INORGANIC SUBSTANCES +

SUNLIGHT-PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROPHYLL

POPPY

HETEROTROPHS- ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

STORK

TYPES OF REPRODUCTIONASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

STARFISH SPONGES

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

CHIMPANZEE KOALA

Dimorphism

Beetle (Lucanus cervus) (Cervus elaphus)stag

hindfemale male

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING

THINGS

Why do we classify things?Supermarket productsBooks in librariesMembers of a familyClassesTeams/sportsRoadsMoney

What is classification?Classification: putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics

Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Early classificationAristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants

He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young or laid eggs, if they had wings…

Mistakes: Including birds, flies and bats in the same group, because they had wings

Modern classification (Taxonomy)Based on evolution, i.e. on biological relationships between living things

Organisms classified in 8 taxonomic groups

DomainKingdomPhylumClass

OrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Modern classification (Taxonomy)

How Scientists Classify living things Leopardo Leopard توضيح ( (نمر

Binomial Nomenclature: Name living things

Developed by Carolus Linnaeus (18th century)

Two-name system

Genus and species named using Latin or Greek words

Rules used to write scientific names

Homo sapiens

The genus is always written first; the species is always written second

The genus is Capitalized; the species is

written in lower case

Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined

European Tree Frog

(Ranita de San Antonio)

Animalia

Chordata

Amphibia

Anura

Hylidae

Hyla

Hyla arborea

Complete the classification

VOLUNTARY TASK

KINGDOMS OF LIVING BEINGS

7. What are the five kingdoms?

KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL

ORGANIZATIONMETHOD OF NUTRITION

TYPES OF ORGANISMS (EXAMPLES)

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS

MONERA

PROTISTA

FUNGI

PLANTAE

ANIMALIA

The numbers of named and estimated total species were derived from Gibbs, W. Wayt (2001) "On the Termination of Species", Scientific American Vol. 285, No. 5.


KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL




MONERA Prokaryotic UnicellularAutotrophic or heterotrophic

Bacteria, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria),

and spirochetes

4,000 named species

Stimated = 1.000.000

PROTISTA EukaryoticUnicellular or multicellular

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Protozoans and algae.

80,000 named species

Stimated = 600,000.

Do not have tissues

FUNGI EukaryoticUnicellular or multicellular

HeterotrophicFunguses, molds,

mushrooms, yeasts, mildews, and smuts


Stimated = 1,500,000.

Do not have tissues

PLANTAE Eukaryotic Multicellular AutotrophicMosses, ferns, woody

and non-woody flowering plants


Stimated = 320,000.

They have tissues

ANIMALIA Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic

Sponges, worms, insects, fish,

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

1,326,239 named species

Stimated = 9,812,300

They have tissues


STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION

METHOD OF NUTRITION




KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL






and spirochetes

4,000 named species






Stimated = 600,000.

Do not have tissues





Stimated = 1,500,000.

Do not have tissues




Stimated = 320,000.

They have tissues






They have tissues


METHOD OF NUTRITION




KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL






and spirochetes

4,000 named species






Stimated = 600,000.

Do not have tissues





Stimated = 1,500,000.

Do not have tissues




Stimated = 320,000.

They have tissues






They have tissues






KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL





Bacteria,4,000 named species






Stimated = 600,000.

Do not have tissues


HeterotrophicFunguses, molds, mushrooms and

yeasts


Stimated = 1,500,000.

Do not have tissues




Stimated = 320,000.

They have tissues






They have tissues




KINGDOMTYPE OF

CELLSTRUCTURAL





Bacteria, No tissues



Protozoans and algae. Do not have tissues


HeterotrophicFunguses, molds, mushrooms and

yeastsDo not have tissues



They have tissues




They have tissues

Living things 2015

Education

Transcript of Living things 2015