Livestock and Poultry Sectors in Pakistan

A Report By Allah Dad Khan

Livestock in national economyLivestock in national economy• Livestock in Pak GDP 11.4 %• Share in agri. GDP 53.2 %• Livestock in export 8.5 % • Dependent families > 8.5 m• Provides raw material for industry• Social security for rural poor• Security against crop failure in barani

areas

Livestock Population (Million Heads)

ProvinceCattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel

Pakistan (2006) 29.6 27.3 26.5 53.8 0.9Pakistan (2010) 34.3 30.8 27.8 59.9

1.0

Per cent distribution

Khyber Phakhtunkhaw 20 7 13 18 7Punjab 49 65 24 37 22Sindh 23 27 15 23 30Balochistan 8 1 48 22 41

Economic Survey (2009-10)Livestock Census (2006)

Livestock Population Trend

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

1955 1960 1972 1976 1986 1996 2006

Census Year

Num

bers

(X 0

00)

Cattle

Buffaloes

Sheep

Goats

Number of households reporting livestock (2006)

Herd Size

Cattle Buffalo Flock Size

Sheep Goat

1-6 5.204(84.1)

5.001(83.4)

1-30 1.390(88.9)

6.576(96.7)

7-15 0.826(13.3)

0.843(14.1)

31-75 0.119(7.6)

0.173(2.5)

16-50 0.140(2.3)

0.140(2.3)

76-350 0.050(3.2)

0.049(0.7)

> 50 0.018(0.3)

0.012(0.2)

> 350 0.005(0.3)

0.004(0.1)

Total 6.188(100)

5.996(100)

Total 1.564(100)

6.802(100)

Values in parentheses indicate %age

Million Households

Herd Size Profile in Pakistan (2006)

Herd Size

Cattle Buffalo Flock Size

Sheep Goat

1-6 14.9(50.3)

14.4(52.7)

1-30 9.9(37.4)

36.2(67.3)

7-15 7.7(26.1)

7.8(28.6)

31-75 5.5(20.8)

7.8(14.5)

16-50 3.3(11.1)

3.2(11.7)

76-350 6.9(26.0)

6.5(12.1)

> 50 3.7(12.5)

1.9(7.0)

> 350 4.2(15.8)

3.3(6.1)

Total 29.6(100)

27.3(100)

Total 26.5(100)

53.8(100)

Million animals

Values in parentheses indicate %age

Livestock Production Systems• Cattle and Buffaloes

- Rural Subsistence Small Holdings- Rural Market Oriented Small Holdings- Rural Commercial Farming- Peri-urban/Urban Commercial Dairying- Desert Cattle Farming- Corporate Dairy Farming

• Sheep and Goats- Nomadic- Transhumant- Sedentary / Household

• Poultry- Rural (range) Poultry- Intensive Poultry

Traditional Rural Poultry

• Almost every rural household and some urban households raise poultry

• Poultry Population 73.65 million• Contribution to egg production 41.6%• Contribution to meat production 24.3%• Breeds: 3 local, 2 imported• Hatching: Brooding hens• Feeding: Scavengers• Important Diseases: Newcastle disease, Fowl

cholera, Fowl pox

Census 2006

Intensive (Commercial) Poultry• History

– 1963-65 Beginning of commercial poultry– 1970s Broiler and layer farms– 1980s Breeders farms, chick quality improvement– 1990s Grand parents, better management– 2000s Environmentally controlled housing,

Processing and value chain• Status

– Share in poultry meat 75.7 %– Share in eggs 58.4 %– Grand parents 5 companies– Breeders 6.8 million– Layers 25 million– Broilers 434 million– Farms25,897– Hatcheries 305– Feed Mills 154

Dairy Sub-sector• Total milk production (09-10) 36.299 m

tons• Milk market

– Producers (self or direct selling) 68.0 %– Informal market (Gawala operated) 28.5 %– Formal dairy industry 3.5 %

• Dairy industry– 25 out of 49 dairy plants are operational– Main players are Nestle, Engro, Haleeb,

Shakargang, Millac– Main products are UHT and Pasteurized milk,

Milk powder, Yougurt, Cream, Cheese, etc.– 3.0 million litres per day being procurement– Rs 63 million daily going to rural economy

Meat Sub-sector• Total meat production (09-10) 2.965 million

tons– Beef Production 1.655 million tons– Mutton Production 0.603 million tons– Poultry Meat 0.707 million tons

• Meat market– Butchers operated shops, many slaughter at shops– Main players at slaughter house are “Arties”– Mainly fresh meat selling– A few chilled meat selling modern butcheries

started • Meat industry

– 80 % slaughtering done outside out side slaughterhouses

– Local governments own and operate slaughter houses, generally rated as unhygienic

– 11 private sector slaughter houses registered by Animal Quarantine Department and importing countries

– Total export is < 0.6 percent of the production– 46 casing factories processing guts for export– Bone meal / gelatin also being exported

Roles in Livestock Development• Federal

– National policies, planning & economic coordination

– Import/export of animals and animal products and animal quarantine

– Research and international coordination– Catalyst for livestock development

• Provincial– Livestock Development– Veterinary Vaccine Production– Disease surveillance and reporting– Livestock research– Livestock production and health education– Milk and meat quality

• District– Veterinary Health service (Preventive & Curative)– Breeding services (Artificial insemination)– Animal slaughtering– Livestock Markets

Veterinary Institutions in Pakistan

Region

Vet faculty

Res/Vac Inst.

Hospital

Dispensaries

Vet. Centres

Labs

Punjab

6 1 530 1213 1713 28

Sindh 1 2 119 60 608 7NWFP 2 1 98 363 218 7Baloch.

1 1 116 783 - 15

AJK 1 - 59 66 129 6NA - - 12 165 - 7FATA - - 25 212 207 1ICT - 1 4 7 - 1Total 11 6 963 2869 2875 72

Production Institutions in Pakistan

Region

Teach faculty

Research Institute

Tech Trg Ins

SP + AI centres

Farm (L+P)

Ext Centre

Punjab

6 4 2 6+835 22+9 -

Sindh 1 1 2 2+76 5+14 -KPK 1 1 1 3+331* 5+3 -Baloch.

1 1 1 1+64 14+18

-

AJK 1 1 - 38 1+4 184NA - - - 1+4 -FATA - - - 1+118 +1 -ICT - - - +11 - 1Total 10 8 6 13+147

348+5

3185

Livestock Development Constraints

• Inadequate feed resources (short by 30%)• Widespread breeding of genetically inferior

livestock• Epidemics of infectious diseases• Poor marketing infrastructure• Inadequate institutional infrastructure• Outdated regulatory framework• Limited credit availability to the livestock farmers

(1/10 of agricultural credit)• Low investment by government

Livestock Development Policy Vision

Promoting livestock to provide safe and quality products at competitive prices, covering entire value chain with focus on market and poverty reduction

PolicyPrivate sector led development with public sector providing enabling environment

Strategy– Private sector led– Increase in productivity– Moving from subsistence farming to market-

oriented and commercial farming– Covering entire value chain

Poultry Development Policy • Vision

Supply of wholesome poultry meat, eggs and value added products to the domestic and international markets at competitive prices

• PolicyFacilitate and support private sector-led development for sustainable poultry products

• Strategy– Hi-tech intensive poultry production– Processing and value addition– Improving bio-security– Disease control and genetic improvement in

rural poultry