Liverpool City Region, April 2011 - Low Emission Strategies · • Regional Group Initiative (RGi)...
Transcript of Liverpool City Region, April 2011 - Low Emission Strategies · • Regional Group Initiative (RGi)...
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Low Emission StrategiesLiverpool City Region, April 2011
Andrew WhittlesLow Emission Strategies Programme Technical & Strategic [email protected]
web: www.lowemissionstrategies.orgemail: [email protected]
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Low Emission Strategies
- Background to LES
- Land-Use Planning
- Regional Group Initiative
- Leicester Case Study / Parking SPD
- Low Emission Vehicles & Waste
- Evidence Base
- Low Emission Toolkit
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DfT 2010
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Source Apportionment for NO2: 2015
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Total Non Transport + Urban Background Local Traffic: CarsLocal Traffic: HGVs Rigid Local Traffic: HGVs ArticLocal Traffic: Buses Local Traffic: LGVsLocal Traffic: Motorbikes & Mopeds Limit Value
BusesHGVs Local Traffic
Background
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Particulate emissions
g/kWh (ETC)
Econic CNGEEVEuro 5Euro 4
Greenwich
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Emission Reduction Progression
Avoid
Shift
Improve
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European Emission Standards
Defra
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SMMT
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DFT Low Carbon Transport : A Greener Future
Source – An independent report on the future of the Automotive industry NAIGT
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-
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1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Petrol Total Diesel Total Combined Overall
Road Transport Fuel by Volume (million Tonnes)Road Transport Fuel by Volume (million Tonnes)
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Supplementary Planning Guidance
• Updates the LES Planning Guidance (Defra 2010)
• Low Emission Assessment Methodology (LEAM)
• Potential to integrate with BREEAM
• Low Emission Strategy Mitigation Options
• Low Emission Technology Availability & Applicability
• Suggested approach to Compensation Formula & Tariffs
• Published on LES Website March
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Developer Contributions/Off-Sets
• PPS 23 / PPG 13 /PPS 17?
• Widespread Use for Mitigation & Off-Set
• Bike Hire, Car Clubs, Municipal Fleets, EVR, Gas Refueling
• Approaches – fixed formula, emissions loading, scheme categorisation
• Costed Action Plan
• Clear, Transparent and Easy to Use – Public Database
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Low Emission Infrastructure
• Enable communities to make green vehicle choices
• EV Recharging, Natural Gas/Biomethane Refueling
• Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL)
• Non-CIL Issues? Eg Car Clubs, Buses, RCVs?
• Infrastructure Development Plans
• Public Private Partnerships / Low Carbon Economy
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Peer GroupCity of LondonCroydonGreenwichHillingdonLeedsLeicesterLewesMaidstoneMid DevonOxford
SeftonSheffieldSouth CambridgeshireTunbridge WellsWandsworthWigan
Regional GroupsLeeds City RegionLiverpool City RegionSussex
Edinburgh
Low Emission Strategies Programme
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LES Phase 2 Outputs
• Regional Group Initiative (RGi)- Leeds City Region (York)- Liverpool City Region (Sefton)- Sussex (Lewes)
• Low Emission Toolkit• Supplementary Planning Document Guidance• LES Procurement Guidance• Leicester New Business Quarter Case Study• LES Qualification Development• National Case Study• LES RTPI Seminar Programme• Case Studies Review & Database• LES Newsletter and Website Development
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Leeds Low Emission Vehicle Exhibition & Conference
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Leeds City Region
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Leeds City Region
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Plugged-in Places
OLEVOffice of Low Emission Vehicles
• eLive• YorEVolution• South Coast +
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LEICESTER NBQ Low Emission Strategy
New Business Quarter
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Sheffield Gas Vehicle Demonstration
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Dual Fuel Substitution Vs CO2 reduction
0.00%
5.00%
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15.00%
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25.00%
30.00%
50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90%
Substitution Level
CO2 r
educ
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Low Emission Toolkit
• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds
• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS
• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’
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Low Emission Toolkit
• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds
• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS
• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’
TECHNOLOGY GUIDANCE
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Low Emission Toolkit
• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds
• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS
• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’
TECHNOLOGY GUIDANCE FLEET TOOL
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Low Emission Toolkit
• Defra AQ Grant and Greenwich s106 funds
• Contract with TTR, CERC and RPS
• Now finalising the ‘Beta Version’
TECHNOLOGY GUIDANCE FLEET TOOL DEVELOPMENT
TOOL
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Select vehicles
Compare emissions, c
osts, etc.Output results
TECHNOLOGY GUIDANCE
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Describe current fleet
Review baseline
Compare alternatives
FLEET TOOL
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Define development
Review baseline emissions
Select planning measures
Compare scenarios
DEVELOPMENT TOOL
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Procurement Guidance
• Best Practice Guidance on the use of public sector procurement to reduce road transport emissions
• Working Group includes:YPO, Leeds CC, Sheffield CC, Greenwich, Sefton, City, York, TfL & GLA
• Procurement Frameworks, Green Procurement Policies, Sustainable Tender Evaluation, Leasing Innovation, Forward Commitment, Full Life Cycle Costs etc
• EU Cleaner Vehicle Directive & Lifetime Cost Analysis
• Cleaner Road Transport Vehicle Regs 200?
• Draft Guidance April 2011 with full consultation later this year
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London Electric Vehicle & Infrastructure Procurement Framework
Target – 1000 vehicles in service by 2015£60 - £80m Procurement FrameworkOpen to Boroughs
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Current Clean Vehicle Fleet150 Bi-Fuel LPG vans (Ford)
7 Electric (cars, scooter,van)
(Peugot, Modec)
7 – Hybrid cars (Toyota)
1 – Bi-fuel biomethane van (Iveco)
ULSDiesel - 95% Euro 4, 5% Euro 5
Future Clean VehiclesBi-fuel compressed biomethane gas
(Iveco, Mercedes, Dennis Eagle)
Hybrid Assist (Ashwoods, Connaughts)
Electric – (Smiths Electric, Modec)
Hydrogen fuel cell bicycles (Horizon)
Camden Green Vehicle Policy Development
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Lifetime Cost CalculatorType of Fuel
Fuel consumptionDiesel, petrol, LPG, ethanol, biodiesel, emulsion fuel: l/100km.Natural gas or hydrogen gas: Nm3/100km
Liquid hydrogen: l/100km or kg/100km ; Electricity: kWh/100km
Fuel Consumption
CO2 Emissions (g/km)
Pollutant emissions(g/km or g/kWh)If input is in g/kWh, g/km is calculated on the basis of input for fuel consumption
NOx (Nitrous oxides)
PM (Particulate Matter)
NMHC (Non-methane hydrocarbons)
Reference fuel (petrol or diesel, cost before tax)
Reference Fuel
Cost of Reference Fuel (€/l)
Cost of CO2 (€/t) Range 30-40€/t. Default 30€/t
Cost of Vehicle (€)
Lifetime Mileage (km)
Default values
Results of Lifetime Costs
Energy consumption #VALUE!
CO2 emissions #VALUE!
Pollutant emissions #VALUE!
Total Operational Lifetime Costs: #VALUE!
Total Lifetime Costs + Cost of Vehicle #VALUE!
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BioethanolBiodiesel
Petrol
Diesel
CNGLPG
Battery Electric
Battery Electric
Hybrid
Plug-in Hybrid
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Air Quality
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Bio-methane
GREENEST
MOST POLLUTING Key Results From Two Studies
• Electric vehicles largest emissions reductions when using renewable electricity
• Vehicle size influences emissions
• Bio-methane cleanest burning fuel and lowest life cycle environmental impact
• Bio-diesel produced from waste oil second best performing biofuel
• Bio-diesel reduces PM emissions but slightly increases in NOx
• Bio-ethanol from cereals - increase in aldehyde emissions, life cycle CO2 can be high depending on cultivation & production method
Camden Green Vehicle Policy
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1) Electric2) Plug-in hybrid3) Bio-methane fitted with hybrid assist4) Bio-methane5) Compressed Natural Gas/Liquid Natural
Gas fitted with hybrid assist6) Bi-fuel Liquid Petroleum Gas fitted with
hybrid assist 7) Compressed Natural Gas/Liquid Natural
Gas8) Bi-fuel Liquid Petroleum Gas9) Petrol Hybrid10) Diesel Hybrid11) Bio-diesel produced from used cooking oil 12) Bio-diesel produced from virgin plant oil 13) Bio-ethanol14) Ultra low sulphur petrol15) Ultra low sulphur diesel
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
15% fromoptions 1-4
70% fromoptions 5-10
15% fromoptions 11-15
20%fromoptions 1-4
65%fromoptions 5-10
15% fromoptions 11-15
25% from options 1-4
65%fromoptions 5-10
10%fromoptions 11-15
30% fromoptions 1-4
60% fromoptions 5-10
10% fromoptions 11-15
2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Passenger cars/light commercial (<3.5T)Euro 4
100% 75%
Euro 525% 75% 50%
Euro 625% 50%
Example European Emission Standards
Clean Vehicle Fuel & Technology Hierarchy
Clean Vehicles & Target Dates
Camden Green Vehicle Policy Development