liver2
-
Upload
jeffry-nugraha -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of liver2
-
8/11/2019 liver2
1/25
PEMERIKSAAN LABORATORIUM
CIRRHOSIS HATI
Dr. ZULFIKAR LUBIS, SpPK-K
-
8/11/2019 liver2
2/25
CIRRHOSIS
(WHO, 1978) a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis
and the conversion of normal liverarchitectures into structurally abnormalnodules
-
8/11/2019 liver2
3/25
Nekrosis hepatosi Kolaps
Jaringan retikulin Deposit
Jaringan fibrous DistorsiVascular bed Nodular regeneration
-
8/11/2019 liver2
4/25
Bilirubin :- Selalu meningkat selama bertahu-
tahun dan bisa berfluktuasi.
- Kebanyakan type unconjugatedkalau cirrhosis cholangiolitic type.
- Keadaan yang lebih tinggi dan relatif
stabil terjadi pada post necroticcirrhosis.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
5/25
Transaminase :- AST/SGOT meningkat < 300 U pada
65%-75% kasus.
- ALT/SGPT meningkat < 200 Umeningkat pada 50% kasus.
- Transaminase bervariasi luas dan inimencerminkan progression penyakit
(parenchymal cell necrosis).Alkaline phosphatase :ALP meningkat pada 40-50%
kasus
-
8/11/2019 liver2
6/25
Gangguan fungsi sintesisKarena massa hepatosit berkurang maka fungsisinthesa dari liver terganggu sehingga akan terjadi
defisiensi berbagai bahan.
1. Defisiensi albumin
SPE fraksi albumin , fraksi danglobulin
meningkat
-
8/11/2019 liver2
7/25
2. Defisiensi faktor koagulasi
Fibrinogen: faktor II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII,dan XIII.
Akibatnya, PT ( Prothrombin time ) memanjang.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
8/25
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
-
8/11/2019 liver2
9/25
AetiologyViral hepatitis
Aflatoxin
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Alcohol Haemochromatosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
-
8/11/2019 liver2
10/25
Pemeriksaan penyaring Laboratorium
AFP ( alpha feto protein )
- Tumor marker untuk HCC.- Merupakan serum protein pada fetus untuk
mempertahankan oncontic pressure.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
11/25
- Pada foetus disintesa yolk sac, hepatosit
foetus dan intestine.
- Kadarnya meningkat pada kehamilan 12-14minggu dan mulai menurun setelah 16
minggu. Kadarnya menuju normal
selama 1 tahun kehidupan.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
12/25
- Pada beberapa benigna liver diseases kadarnyajuga meningkat.
- Kadar > 500 ng/ml dianggap HCC
- Selain untuk diagnostik juga dipakai untukmonitoring ( prognostik )
-
8/11/2019 liver2
13/25
PIVKA-2
- kadarnya meningkat pada 80%
kasus HCC- Kadarnya juga meningkat pada
vitamin K deficiency
- Digunakan untuk diagnostik danmonitoring (prognostik )
-
8/11/2019 liver2
14/25
Acute Pancreatitis
-
8/11/2019 liver2
15/25
1. Gall stone ( biliary microlithiasis )2. Alcohol3. Trauma
4. Post ERCP5. Ductal obstruction6. Hypertriglyceridemia ( type I atau IV )7. Hypercalcemia8. Infection (mumps, mycoplasma, coxsackie, salmonellosis )9. Drugs (azathioprine, pentamidine, thiazide, sulphonamide, dll)
-
8/11/2019 liver2
16/25
Diagnosis:1. Serum Amylase
- Derived from pancreatic acinar cells.- Level rise over 2-12 hours after
onset pancreatitis, peak 48 hours
and return to normal within 3-5 days.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
17/25
- 3 x upper limit normal.
- Normally elevated in macroamylasemia.
- Test interference in hypertriglyceridemia.
- Elevated from abnormal sources such as
salivary gland and/or intra abdominal
inflamation (not above 3X)
-
8/11/2019 liver2
18/25
2. Serum Lipase.- Derived from pancreatic acinar cells.
- Level rise 4-8 hours after onset pancreatitis,peaks at 24 hours, return to normal 8-14days.For these reasons, serum lipase is moresensitive and specific than the serum
amylase.- Elevated from salivary gland and intra
abdominal inflamation
-
8/11/2019 liver2
19/25
3. Tripsinogen 2.
- Urinary dipstick.
- still limited use, unclear if superiorto amylase lipase.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
20/25
4. CRP > 150 mg/L
5. PMN Elastase > 300 g/L
6. Interleukin 6 > 400 pg/mL
-
8/11/2019 liver2
21/25
Etiolgy:
1. AST/ALT
- If 3x upper limit of normal, gallstones present is etiology in 95%
of cases.
- Low sensitivity.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
22/25
2. Lipase/amylase ratio
- If >5x, alcohol acute pancreatitis.
- Low sensitivity.
3. Carbohidrat deficient transferrin
- Useful in patients who deny alcohohol.
- Remains elevated for weeks after binge
drinking.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
23/25
Severity :1. Trypsinogen activation peptide
(TAP) > 200 IU/L
> 30 mmol/L in 612 hour urine
2. Hematocrite.
- > 44 on admission, or rising overinitial 24 hours associated withpancreatic necrosis.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
24/25
3. C-reactive protein.
associatd with pancreatic necrosis.
- Useful after first 36-48 hours.
-
8/11/2019 liver2
25/25
Terima Kasih