Littman 1913b Greek and Latin Inscriptions

Littman, E., Magie, D. and Stuart, D. R. 1913b “Greek and Latin Inscriptions,” Pp. 131-

223 in Syria. Publications of the Princeton Archaeological Expedition to Syria

(Div. III, Sect. A, Part 3 Umm Idj-Djimal, Leyden) 131-223.

!

Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological

Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909

DIVISION III

GREEK AND LATIN INSCRIPTIONS IN SYRIA

SECTION A

SOUTHERN SYRIA

PART 3

UMM IDJ-DJIMAL

BY

ENNO LITTMANN DAVID MAGIE Jr. and DUANE REED STUART

LATE E. J. BRILL PUBLISHER S AND PRINTERS

LEYDEN - 1913.

Printed by E. J. BRILL? - LEYDEN (Holland).

Abbreviations of Periodicals and Publications Frequently Mentioned.

A. A. E. S. Publicatiom of an American Archaeological Expedition to Syn'a in 1899-1900, I, II, III, IV.

A. J. A. American Journal of Archaeology. Ann. Ep. L'Annie Epigrapltique. B. C. H. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellinique. C. 1. G. Corpus lmcriptiomtm Graeca1'um. C. 1. L. Corpus hzscriptiomt11l Latinarum. C. 1. S. Corpus Imcriptio11ttm Semiticarum. S. C. Ma rquis de Vogue; La Syrie Centrale, Architecture

Civile et Religieuse. G. G. A. Gottingisclze Gelehrte Anzeigen. H. Hennes. 1. G. R. lnscriptioms Graecae ad Res Romanas pertinentes. 1. S. O. G. Ditt enberger: Orientis Graeci lnscriptiones Se_

lectae. l. A. Journal Asiatique. J. K. D. A. 1. Jahrbuch des f{aiserlich Deutschen Archiio

logischen lnstituts. J. K. P. K. Jaltrbuch del' f{oniglich Preuszisclwz l('u1zst

salllmlungen.

K. A. Strzygowski; IOein-Asien, ein Neuland del' f{unstgescltichte.

M. N. D. P.-V. Mittheilu71-gen und Naclzriclzten des Deutsc1zen Paliistina- Vereins.

M. S. M. Dussaud and MacIer; Mission dans les 1rigions disertiques de la Syrie moyenne.

P. A. B runnow ; Provincia Arabia. P. E. F. Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration

Fund. P. M. Guy Ie Strange; Palestine under tlze Moslems. P. R. G. S. Proceedings of the Royal Geographieal Society. R. A. Revue ArcMologique. R. A. O. Clermont-Gann eau; Recueil d'ArcMologie Orientale. R. B. Revue Biblique. S. E. P. Conder; Survey of Eastern Palestim. V. A. S. Dussaud; Voyage ArcMologique au $afa. Z. G. E. ZeitschriJt del' Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde zu Berlin. Z. D. M. G. ZeitsclzriJt der Deutschen Morgenliindischen

Gesellschaft. Z. D. P.-V. ZeitschriJt des Deutschen Paliistina- Vereins.

UMM IDJ-DJIMAL.

2 3 2 . BLOCK. 1 7 7- 1 80 A.D. Found lying on the ground in the gate in the northern portion of the west wall of the city , the so-called " Gate of Commodus" (see Div. I I . A. 3 , p . 1 5 6) . The block was doubtless built into the wall above the arch over the gateway. Length 1 .0 2 m. ; height at the left end 46 cm . , at the right end 4 1 cm. Height of the letters in 1. I, 7-71/c}, cm . ; in the other lines, 5 1/c},-6 cm. (of a in 1. 5, 4 cm.) .

Cyril Graham, Trans. Roy. Soc. of Lit. VI, p. 30I = Waddington, 2057 a and b = C.I.L. III 6027, 6028 ; G. Robinson Lees, Geogr. Journ. V (r895), p . I9; Schumacher and Zangemeister, M.N.D.P.- V. r896, p. 49 f. , Westdeutsche Zeitschr. r 897 , Korr.-BI. p. 25 = C.I.L. III I4I492; Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 280, no. 120.

Inscr. 232. Scale I : 20.

Imp(eratore) Caes(are) M(arco) Aur(elio) Antonino Aug(usto) Arm(eniaco) Part(hico) Med(ico) Germ(anico) Sarm(atico) ret Imp(eratore) Caes(are) L(ucio) Aur(elio) Com modo Aug(usto) Germ(anico) Sarm(atico)] OpUS valli perfectum sub . . . . . . . . . . Severo leg(ato) Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore) co(n)s(ule) des(ignato).

This copy does not differ materially from that of M M. Dussaud and Mader, which is the most complete of the copies of this inscription heretofore made. In our reading T in 1. I is plain , and there are traces of letters after S V B in 1. 4, which do not appear in the copy published in M.S.M. ,

The restoration of the titles of Commodus as proposed by Zangemeister (M.N.D.P.- V. 1 896 , p . 5 I ) - ARM· PAR T. M ED· G E R M· SA R M· - is impossible , for the space in 11. 3-4 is too short to have contained so many letters . Furthermore there is no evidence that the first three titles were ever conferred on Commodus. In one inscription where the titles ARM EN· PAR T H· occur (C.I.L III 1 43 70 2) , Zangemeister has himself noted the error ; see Lz'mesblatt, 1 8 99 , no . 3 2 (so also Hettner, Arch. Anz. 1 8 99 , p. 89) . The titles of Ger1nanz'cus and Sar1natz'cus were conferred on Con1modus in 1 7 2 and 1 7 5 respectively , that of Augustus in 1 7 7 . Since A V G· is certainly to be restored in 1. 3 (cf. A V G G· in 1. 5 ) , the date of this inscription is between 1 7 7 and March 1 7 , 1 80, the day of Marcus' death , and more closely, perhaps, soon after 1 7 7, following the Emperor's visit to the Orient in 1 76 .

Publications of the Princeton university Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A , Pt. 3. 18

Division III Section A Part 3

The vallzon mentioned in 1. 4 was supposed by Zangemeister to have been the wall constructed along the frontier of the province as a means of protection against the Bedawin. In defence of this supposition he cited two inscriptions from Britain (C.I.L. VI I I 1 3 5 and I I 40) , which refer to the wall of Antoninus Pius as a vqllum. However, as MM. Dussaud and Macler point out (M.S.M. pp. 7 7 and 2 8 I ) , no traces of any such wall have ever been found in Arabia , and there is no reason to believe that there ever was a wall along the Lilnes Arabicus. Furthermore , the word valium is frequently used to designate the wall of a permanent castra or castellum, regularly provided with towers and gates, such as were built at intervals along the general ,line of the li11'us ; see C.I.L. III 1 3 796 (Dacia , 1 40 A. D.) , 1 1 96 5 (Regensburg, I 7 9 A. D. ) , 1 43 70 2 = Arch. Anz. 1 899 , p . 89 (Boehming in Raetia, I 8 I A. D. ) . The last two of these inscriptions are of the same period as the stone from Umm idj-Djim�l . It would seem, therefore, that the word vallu11z in this inscription refers to the wall of a Roman ca�tra, which was built at Umm id-Dj imaJ (already in existence as a Nabataean settlement) in I 7 7-I 80 A. D. Mr. Butler informs us that the gate in which this stone was found, is clearly of second century workmanship. Accordingly, it must have been the west gate of the original castra, which became the gate of the city when the walls of the castra were demolished, and the fortifications extended so as to include the whole settlen1ent.

Unfortunately, the faint traces of letters at the end of 1. 4 give no clue to the nonten of the legate. On the squeeze taken by M M. Dussaud and Macler there is no trace of the name Valerio which Zangemeister read on Schumacher 's squeeze, and the question as to the full name of this governor still remains unsettled ; the suggestion of Waddington (no . 2070 c) to read Erucio Severo must still be regarded as unfounded.

2 3 3 . LINTEL. 3 7 1 A. D. On a lintel of the so-called " Cathedral" (see Div. II. A. 3, p. I 8 2 ) , a church situated a short distance northeast of the so-called " Praetorium". The stone serves as the inner lintel of the southernmost portal on the west side of the church. Length 1 . 5 4 m. ; height 47 cm . Height of letters 4-6 cm. The letters contain traces of red coloring-matter.

Waddington, no. 2058 = C..I.L. I I I 88.


Salvis d(ominis) n(ostris) Valentiniano, Valente, et Gratiano, victoriosissimis, semper Aug(ustis) , dispositione Iuli , v(iri) c(larissimi), com(itis) , ' magistri equitum et peditum, fabric(a)tus est burgu[s] ex fundamento mano devo-tissi[m]orum equitum IX Dalm(atarum) , s(ub) c(ura) Vahali trib(uni) , in consula tum d( omini) n( ostri) Gratiani, perpetui A ug( usti) iterum et Probi, v(iri) c(larissimi) .

Umm idj-Dj imal.

Line 4: B V R G V S" Wad. ; Ll E V 0 T IS" S" 1M 0 R V M Wad.

133

The stone is evidently not in situ , and the determination of the building to which it once belonged presents an interesting problem .

Waddington explained burgus as the German burg, and he has been followed by Seeck in P.- W. III, 1 06 6 f. However, Much in Zeitsc!zr. f. deutsch . Alt. XLI (1897) , p . I 1 3 f. has shown that the word i s more plausibly to be regarded as a transcription of the Greek 1tVP10�; so also de Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. I, p. 1 05 3 ; compare also C. G.L . II 42 6 , 2 6 1tVPIO�, haec turris, b zt<r )gus, II _ 5 70, 34 burgus, turris. In Syriac the word is written burglt.

\iVhatever the derivation of the word may be, in inscriptions of the second, third, and fourth centuries burgus is a term applied to a small watch-tower. Such structures were erected at strategic points for the protection of wayfarers in a province ; compare the b ztrgus sp eculatorizts of a Numidian inscription, C.IL. VIII 2 49 5 , which was built inter duas vias ad saluteln commeantz'uln ; see also C.IL . VIII 2494. An inscription of Com modus from Mauretania Caesariensis, C.IL. VIII 2 2 6 29 , records the fortification of that province with new burgi. Coincident with the erection of these strongholds was the restoration of the miliaria along the roads, hence it would seem that the burgz' were intended to serve as centers for policing the province and regulating internal affairs.

More frequently, burgi were utilized in a system of defences extending along the frontier ; see C.IL; III 3 3 8 5 , 1 03 12 , 1 03 1 3 , Ann . Ep. 1 9 1 0 , no . 1 45 , and von Domaszewski, A rch.-Epz'g. Mitt. Xln ( 1 890), p. 14 1 and XIV ( 1 89 I) , p. 5 3 concerning a line of b ztrgi erected in I 85 A. D. along the Pannonian border. Bur gz' were also employed together with larger castella in the fortification of the limes interior in Germany ; sec C.IL. XIII 2 P. 2 5 6 and no. 6509 .

Three inscriptions, besides the present stone, record the building o f burgi by Valentinian , Valens, and Gratian ; see C.IL. III 5 6 70 a (Noricum, 3 70 A . D.) ; III 3 65 3 (Pannonia, 3 7 1 A. D.) ; Westdeutsche Zeitschr. fur Geschz'chte und Kunst XII ( 1 89 3) , Korr. -Bl. p . 1 94 (Germania Superjor, 3 7 1 A . D.) . These structures were erected in the course of the extensive fortification of the frontiers which was carried out under

- Valentinian . The Pannonian burgus , according to the testimony of the inscription itself, was built in forty-eight days, and hence must have been only a small tower or redoubt. In the third instance cited above the stone came, if not from a small watch-tower, whose ruins are, or at least were recently, still to be seen near Schwaderloch in Switzerland , from one of a series of like structures which were ranged along the Swiss bank of the Rhine . The Norican burgus was undoubtedly similar in size and character to the two burgz' of the neighboring provinces, since all belonged to the same system of defences .

The military theory of these times agrees with the testimony of the inscriptions as to the character of a burgus. Such a building is defined by Vegetius, writing at the end of the fourth or at the latest during the first half of the fifth century, as castellum parvulu ln (Mz'l. IV 1 0) . He recommends the erection of one as an adjunct to a large fortress for the protection of the water-supply, in case the garrison is dependent on a source situated outside the walls of the main stronghold .

In the sixth century the word bur gus still retained its force as the designation of a small frontier stronghold, as may be inferred from Codex J'ltstz'n. I 2 7 , 2 , 4 where

134 Division III Section A Part 3

reference is made to a line of them which extended along the African lz'm es as it existed before the invasion of the Vandals .

According to measurements made by Mr. Butler this lintel fits exactly the main gateway of the so-called Praetorium. He has, therefote, expressed the opin ion that the stone was removed thence, Div. I I . A. 3 , p. 1 6 5 . It is impossible to reconcile this architectural inference with the data which have just been set forth as to the actual application of the word burgus . If this building was called a burgus, the term was used in a sense which conflicts with its meaning in the contemporary inscriptions belonging to kindred structures erected in the Western Empire and which cannot indeed be paralleled in inscriptions of any period . The " Praetorium" can be classed with neither of the two types of burgus discussed above. � or is it at all analogous in plan to the quadrz'burgz'ztm of �a�r Bser described by von Domaszewski in P.A. II, p. 45 f. This structure, it should be observed, is called castra pra etor ii Mob enz' in the inscription ; see C. I.L. III 1 4 1 49.

Hence, we must conclude . either that in this local instance the term burgus was

applied inexactly, and extended to include a kind of government-house, of considerable size and only semi-military in character \ or that the stone did not belong originally to the present " Praetorium". It may well -be that the stone came from an actual burgus which was built to serve as an outpos

't of the main castra (see no . 2 3 2) , as

such structures often were . The Pannonian burgus (C.I. L. III 3 6 5 3 cited above) was . built with this purpose in proximity to a large fortress ; see C.I.L. III 1 059 6 and also Vegetius, Mz'l. IV 1 0 cited above.

The name Vahalus may be the Latin transcription of an Arabic name, such as Wacl or Wacla ; see no . 302 .

2 34 . FRAGMENT . Built into a wall of a house abutting on the west wall of the city, a short d istance north of the more southerly of the two gates in this wall (the so-called ". West Gate") , and designated as " House no. VI" ; see Div. II. A. 3 , p. 204. Nos. 2 3 8 , 2 69 , 2 70 and 2 7 1 were also found here . The stone is at the left of the entrance to the courtyard, and faces west . ·Length 5 7 cm.; height at the left end 34 cm . , at the right end 3 6 cm . Height of letters 41/2-6 cm .

Inser. 2 34. Scale I : 20.

. . . . . . . . . Antio-] [c] l).us, v(ir) p( erfectissimus) , pr(aeses) provm[cJiae Arabiae.

The first letter in 1. 2 i s perhaps a partly obliterated H. The only known pra es es Arabz'a e whose name ends in -hus is Antiochus, mentioned in a dedicatory inscription from Djerash (C.I. L. III 1 4 1 5 7) as v(ir ) p (erfectissimus), pra es(es) provz'nc(z'a e) Arabz'a e, and the identity of the titles suggests the restoration of his name in �his inscription. The date of Antiochus is uncertain, but he is perhaps to be assigned to the time of Diocletian; see Brlinnow, P.A. III,· p . 2 99 .

I The gloss burgus castra C.C.L. IV 2 7, I does not justify such an extension in meaning as must be assumed here.

Umm idj-Dj imal 135

2 3 5 . LINTEL. Found in a house situated immediately east of the gate in the south wall at the southwestern corner of the city, and designated as " House no . I" . Length 1 .49 m . ; height 2 6 cm. The upper corners of the stone are somewhat weathered . The letters contain red coloring-matter. Height of letters 3-5 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 280, no. 119.

Insel". 2 3 5 . Scale I : 20.

�urel(ia) (Q)uirilla (q)u[e] fuit uxor Verani [Sex(ti)], vixit ann(os) xxxv. Fuit filia iustis(sima) , soro[r] piHs(sima)] . Fecit memor(iam) Veranus Sex(tus) co(n)iugi carissime. Si (q)ui voloerit manumittere, (d)et in [f]is�o . . . . . . ' .

Lz"n e I: II � 9 R E L 0 V � � I � / A 0 V F V I T U X 0 R Y � RAN I / E. D. and M . Lz"n e 4: suo U I U 0 L 0 E R I T M A N U MI T T ERE 0 E T ! N " I I . C 0 /II D . and 1\11.

The name Cyrilla, Greek Kup!),Ad., is similarly spelled in C.I. L. III 1 4 2 1 4 6 and De Rossi Ins. Chr. I 7 69 . The letters following should perhaps be read Qu(irz"llz) [fJ(z"lz"a ), as otherwise there is no mention of the father. The last word in 1. 2 is uncertain , but is probably to be read Pzis(sz"ma) , one of the terms most frequently applied to a sister in sepulchral inscriptions ; see Harrod, La tt"n Terms of Endearm ent and of Fa 1nz"ly Relalionsk ip (Princeton, 1 909) , p . 6 2 .

I n 1. 4 , the restoration suo vz"vo 'co e(ge)rz"t , proposed by MM. Dussaud and Macler, is to be corrected . This inscription, l ike so many others from tombs (see Dessau , Ins. s el. 8 2 1 8 f.), closes with a prohz'Oz"tz'o a lt'enandZ" and the imposition of a fine. Manu mittere is evidently used in the sense of agrum emancipare, but the instance is unique, as far as we know. The phrase det z"n jisco is an easy error, arising from a confusion between the common phrases det z"n /iscum and det lisco . Perhaps P N , for p(o ena e) n(omz"n e) should be read here, as in so many other sepulchral inscriptions, but I is plain in our copy, as well as in that of MM. Dussaud and Macler, and we have therefore adopted the reading as given above .

2 3 6 . BLOCK. Built into the wall of the apse of a church in the northern part of the city , which has been designated as the " Church of Julianus" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p . 1 7 3 . I n this church nos. 2 6 2 and 2 8 5 were also found. The inscription faces on the interior of the church. Length 7 0 cm . ; height 2 91/'J cm . Height of letters 3-41/<; cm.

�� ( 0 CoR /'II ( I A fV 1\ V I X I TAN NO 5 )(XXV H A B V 1 T PA TR 1M (VI A V R V ME >< 1 P f ( PRO C II A N V S PR.TfCONIVC!, fI15SIM�MEMO RIAMfA8�1 CAVIT


t:J ico Cornili( a )n( a) VIXI t annos xxxv. Habuit patrim Maurum ex p.(rae)p(ositis) . Fl(avius) Procli(a)nu s pri(mi)p(ilaris) coniug(i) piissim( e) memo-riam fabricavit.

Nico represents the common Greek nalne No{�. The title ex praepos it-is is common, and is not infrequently abbreviated as here ; e. g . C.I. L. v 7405 , 8 66 2 . The abbreviation in 1. 4 should perhaps pe similarly read pr(e)p(os -itus) , after the analogy of Corn 'll-iana in 1. I and patr -im in 1. 2 , especially as p p is the ordinary abbreviation for

pr -i'mip-ilar -is , but it hardly seems probable that the same term would be abbreviated differently in two successive lines.

2 3 7 . BLOCK. 4 1 2-4 1 3 A . D . (?). Found in the courtyard of a house in the southwestern corner of the city, a short distance south of the so-called " West Gate" . Nos . 304 -306 were also found in this house. Length 1 . 05 m . ; height 44 cm. The inscription is in a dovetailed frame . Above and below the dovetails at the corners of the stone was carved the monogram -f, and in each dovetail was a disc with enclosed cross. These have been partially obliterated at the right end of the stone . At the beginning and at the end of the first line is a conventional branch . Length of the frame 8 6 cm. ; height 4 1 cm. Height of letters 21/2-5 1/2 cm.

Brunnow (from this copy), P.A. III, p. 296.

Inscr. 2 3 7 . Scale I : 10.

'Enl A (cwu{ou ) IIEAO:'I'iou 'Avrmi:rpou rou Ao:p.np(orclrou) x.6p.(�ro�) X(l.l d'oux�; exri· aeYj d xclarEAAo�, tjnourJ� Bdaaou 7tP�f1'�x[YjPUou) . • . . . . ]f1/O:;, k'ro[u;] rs'( or rYj'),:ivd'(exnc.)vo;) �](I.'.

Under Flavzus Pelagzus An lipater , 'most z"llustrzous comes and dux , the fortress was founded, under . (the ) super vzszon o f Bas s-us, pr -im-icer -ius . . . . . . . . , -in (the) year 307 (or 308), -in (the) eleventh -ind-ictzon . (4 1 2-4 1 3 A . D .) .

Flavius Pelagius Antipater was the builder also of the castellus at I)::a�r il-Baci1$:, which, according to the building inscription , was founded in 4 I I A.D .; see no . 2 I. This date has helped us to restore approximately the date in 1. 7; an exact restoration is impossible, since the number of the year may have been followed either by the name of a month as in no. 2 I , or by the number of the indiction . However, on account of the A at the end of the line the restoration of the indiction is tempting, for the eleventh indiction began in Sept. 4 1 2 , the year following the foundation of the fortress at I)::a�r il-Bacil}. Accordingly, we have restored the date as above .

The restoration of 1. 6 affords a considerable problem. The length of the lacuna demands the restoration of seven or eight letters, but the' possibility that 7tP�f1'�xYjp[ou was abbreviated renders the length of the second word uncertain . Bassus was the chief of sonle provincial bureau ; his position was analogous, but superior, to that of the scr -in -iarzi' who, together with a pra efectus cohor tzs, were entrusted with the supervision of the construction of the castellus at Del' il-Kahf (no. 2 2 9) . The title prz?n -icerius is usually followed by the genitive plural of the word which designates the members of

Umm idj -Dj imal 137

the staff of the bureau , as pri1nicerius n otarzorum, tabulariorum, etc. ; however, the termination -p.iar; shows that in this instance the name of the bureau itself was used, as in an inscription from Salona (C.I L. III 95 1 7 = 1 2 858), prim(icerius) scrin(iz) tabulari [Me Jdiol(anenszs) , and in the case of various scrinia listed in the Notitia Dign itatum. As a possible restoration, we would suggest 1'CPfP.D{[�p({ou) Of'XOVO] (J.{(I.; ==

przmicerius (scrinzi) dispen sa izonzs, the interpretation oixovofJ.ia = dzspensatio being based on C. G. L. II 3 80, 3 I ; III 446, 2 I; 480, 2, and a bilingual inscription from Cius in Bithynia ( C.I L. III 3 3 3 = I 3 649 a = I G.R. III 25), dzspen (sator ) [ad] frumentum = oix[ov6](J.o; hd -ro0 O'S{·WU. The word dispensa iz'o, it is true, is not found as a technical term� as far as we know, but dzspensatores abound in provincial inscriptions of the time of the Empire, and were attached to the provincial fiscus, the res privata, and the annona ; see Daremberg-Saglio II, p . 2 8 1 f. and P.- W v, I 1 92 f. The meaning of O!'xovop.{a, if the word is to be restored here, would accordingly be identical with that found in I-Iellenistic inscriptions, where it often signifies the management of income or revenue, whether of money or grain ; see Ins. Br it. Mus. IV 897 = Ditt. IS. O. G. 46; C.I. G. 2058 == Ditt. Syll.Z 2 2 6 , 1 6 1 ; Ditt. Syll.2 306, 39; Ditt. IS. O. G. 1 79, and also a papyrus at Turin quoted by Dittc:n berger in his comn1entary to IS. O. G. 177, 0 1'Cp�; 't'� OfXOVOP.{q. -rc;)-; dP"Iupfx(;n. If the restoration here suggested be correct, Bassus had the rank of primzcerzus dispensa lzon is, or perhaps more properly, dzspensatorum , that is, chief of staff in the bureau which was charged with the management of income and expenditure, either in cash or in grain, and which, on account of Bassus' apparent service under the dux, �as probably attached to the military side of the administration of the province .

2 3 8 . ALTAR. Found in the courtyard of the house where no . 2 34 was found, the so-called " House no . VI

". The inscription is on the die of the altar. Height of

altar I . 40 m . ; height of die 96 cm. , width 30 cm. Height of letters 6- 1 0 cm.

Littmann (from this copy), Florilegiu1Jl M. de Vogiie (Paris, 1909), p . 383 f.

Inscr. 238 . Scale I : 20.

M(l.O'CXv; Aouwi-(l.1I0U �oUO'rJ.pS� Aappa.

This inscription is bilingual . The Nabataean text, which is on another face of the die, was copied by Waddington (De VogUe, S. C. , Inscr. Sent. p. 1 20 = C.IS. II 1 90) and by Littmann (Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs. no . 3 8), and reads : "This is the sacred

stone which Masz'k, son of cAwzdha, made for D ushara. " The Greek version had remained unnoticed. It offers further proof that N1,N is another name of Dusares, a fact which had been established by a Nabataean dedication to Dusares ACra, found at Bo�ra by Savignac and Abel (R.B. II ( 1 905 ), p . 592 = Lidzbarski, Eph. II, p. 2 6 1 -3), and by Lidzbarski 's correction (Eph . II, p . 2 6 2 ; Clermont-Ganneau, R.A . O. VII ( 1 906), p . 2 1 5 , n . I) of another N abataean inscription found by Dussaud and MacIer at Imtan ( V.A .S. p . 167 , no . 3 6 = Lidzbarski, Ejh. I , p . 3 30). Our inscription offers the first Greek transcription of the full name of the divinity and also determines beyond all doubt the proper form of the second name ; see Littmann, o j. cz't. p. 3 8 5 .

Lidzbarski has explained the name A 'ra as equivalent to Abundantz'a or Ops (Ejh. I, p. 3 30) . Clermont-Ganneau has advanced the theory that A Cra is the specific name of the god, since Dushara is merely a local epithet, signifying � Lord of Sara', and has proposed to connect A Cra = OCro with the first element in the name of the �ncient .Arabian god OpnaA, mentioned by Herodotus in III 8 ; see R.A .0. II (1898), p. 3 74 ;

.In ( 1 900), p. 2 7 2 ; V (1903), p. 1 09 f. ; VII ( 1 906), p. 1 5 6 and p. 2 1 5 n. I.

Most recently, Littmann o j. cz't. has suggested that the name is to be connected with the Arabic 13�, the rough stone idol of a god which was smeared with the blood of victims. We learn from the famous passage in Suidas (sub 8cv; "ApY}�) that at Petra Dusares was worshipped under the form of a black, rectangular, un hewn stone, over which was poured the blood of slaughtered animals. In Der'a a stone omphalos was apparently the cult image or symbol of the god ; see Dussaud, Rev. Nzon.,. 1 904, p. 160 f.; Morey, Rev. Nunz., 1 9 1 I, p. 7 " 1 .

MaGzxo;, Arabic Masik, is a common name ; for various combinations in which it occurs see Div . IV. Nab . Inscrs . no. 3 8 . Aouad'avo; is merely a lengthening of the name Aouc�d'o;, l\rabic cAwzdh , which occurs frequently. Avuc�6Y}1I0� is found in \\Tad. 2 2 7 2 , Aoue.6avou m B.C.H. XXI ( 1 897), p . 64, no. 74 = P.A. II, p . 247 .

2 3 8 1. BLOCK. On a block found in a courtyard immediately south of the church in the eastern part of the city, which has been designated as the " Double Church" . The upper corners are somewhat chipped. Length 5 7 cm. ; height 3 7 cm. Height of letters 4-41/2 cm . ( 8 em .) . Copied in 1 909 by Mr. Magie.

Littmann (from this copy), Florilegium M. de Vogue (Paris, 1909), p. 386 f.

Photograph of no. 2381.

CTH l\H A ITH P aye o1\"'-E- oy TPotEYcrA6./ N Aeoy B AC II\E YC eA- NOIHNW

Inscr. 238 t. Scale I: 10.

'H G-r� AY} av-rY} <Pspeu �OAAWU, 'rpepcu� rl7.d'�p.a6ou �aG�AcU; 8avouY}v�v.

Thz's (is ) the s tele of Fihr , (son ) of Sh ullaz', tutor of Gadhzmat, king of (the ) Tanukh.

Umm idj-Dj imal. 139 This is the Greek version of a N abataean inscription found by de VogUe (Syr.

Centr . , Inscr. Sim. no. I I = C.I.S. II 1 9 2 ) and is an exact translation of the Nabataean text . The origi�al Nabataean names, included in the translation given above, were rendered

as precisely as possible into Greek. The names and their formation have been discussed by Littmann oj. cz't. LOAAeo; occurs also in an inscription from Beersheba, R.B. XII (1903), p. 428 , no . 6 ; but LOAW;, in our nos. 1 5 8 and 2 1 2 , also in Wad . I 989=I.G.R. III 1 3 16 , i s probably -?ulaz'fJ-. In Greek authors the name is written 2UAACdo;; see , for example, Strabo XVI 7 80 f. where mention is made of a governor of the N abataeans, a famous person of this name ; see also R.A . O. VII ( 1 906), p. 3 1 3 f.

Gadhlmat, king of the Tanukh, has been identified by Littmann, at the suggestion of Professor Lidzbarski, with Gadhlmat al-A brash, king of al-Blrah, who figures in i\rabic literature as the foe of Zenobia. The language and the forms of the letters of the Nabataean version accord with this supposition . If this identification be correct, this inscription may claim the honor of establishing the historical character of King Gadhlmat, as to which doubt has been expressed ; see G. Rothstein , Dz'e Dynastz'e der La!!:1nZ"den, p . 40. The fact that Gadhlmat appears in this inscription as king of the wide-spread tribe of the Tanukh instead of as king of al-I:Ilrah is explained by Littmann by the supposition that this people had not yet settled in that locality .

2 3 9 . �LTAR. On the fragment of an altar found on a Bedawin grave in the northern part of the city, a short distance east of the so-called " Church of Claudianus" ; see no . 2 6 1 . Height of the fragment about 60 cm . ; width 5 9 cm. The lower portion of the altar was also found on the same grave. It contains a Roman wreath in relief and traces of a sculptured piece, probably a head, which has been cut away. On the base i s a cross, added by a later hand. The original height of the altar was about 1. 60 m. The inscription is in a raised dovetailed frame. Length of the frame (inside) 36 cm. ; height 1 8 cm .


Gee:> 20AfL� l.(J.pct�O; Aoua�ou eU-O"e� ]�v r/.vieY}ltev.

The word loAp.o; is found here for the first time in Greek inscriptions. In his preliminary report (A .J.A . I X ( 1 905) , p. 402) Littmann suggested that it might be identified with the enigmatical O�� found in two Aramaic inscriptions from Teima In Arabia (Noldeke, Sz'tzoer. d. Ber!' Akad. 1 8 84, p. 8 1 3 f. ) . Professor Noldeke inter-

Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pt. 3· 19

Division I II Section A Part 3

preted the word in each case as 'image' , referring it in the case of the well known stele to the figure of the priest, represented at the left of the stone ; in the shorter inscription explaining it as alluding to 'the image of a god', unnamed, to whom a votive offering is made.

Clermont-Ganneau, on the other hand, has advanced the theory that o,y is the name of.a god, .$elem or .$alm, and would interpret the first inscription as commemorating aJ votive offering made by a priest .$elem-Shezeb to the god .$elem, to whom the second inscription would thus contain reference. As is frequently the case, the priest .$ele1n-Shezeb, would bear in his name the name of the god to whose service he was consecrated ; see Rev. Crit. XVIII (1884), p . 442 f. Our inscription would seem to establIsh the correctness of Clermont-Ganneau's theory. But, on the other hand, 2.0AP.O� is perhaps akin to 2.Cl..AP.O� t:brv, which appears in the name of the deity Selamanes, Phoenician ir,j,rv; see R.A .0. VII ( 1 906), p. 2 1 4, n. 4.

The 2.(J.parJo� of this inscription is probably the person of the same name who built the tomb from which come nos . 279 f. The name also occurs in nos. 30 1 and 363 ; the Arabic equivalent is Sharid ; see also R.A . O. IV ( 1 90 1 ), p . 1 6 2 and Lidzbarski, Eph. II, p . 8 5 , 1. 1 9·

2 40. ALTAR. Found in the courtyard adjoining the north side of the so-called " Church of N umerianus"; see no. 2 57. The altar forms part of the jamb of a doorway at the southeastern corner of the courtyard. Height of the altar 48 cm. 'The first line of the inscription is on two sides of the die ; the second line extends over two sides of the base, and ends on the third side. Height of die 8 cm. ; width 1 9 cm. Height of base 1 0 cm. ; width 2 5 1/2 cm. Height of letters 5 1/2-6 cm .

Inser. 240. Seale I : 10 .

The name Pa�t�Y}Ao�, Arabic Rabzb-'el, occurs in \\I'" ad. 2 2 1 0. The N abataean form is also known ; see Jaussen and Savignac, Mission Arch. en Arabie (Paris 1 909) , lnscrs. Nab. nos . 34 and 84. The spelling eUXOrJop.Y}ac'V is interesting as combining the usual blunders In the orthography of the forms of olXOrJOP.EW (e. g. EXOrJ0f1.�eY) in no . 1 77 and £xorJ6Jp.r,aEY in Wad. 2 5 39) and such forms as vxorJop.o� in no . 1 59·

24 1 . ALTAR. A fragment of an altar found lying on the ground in the courtyard of a house to the east of the so-called " Barracks" (cf. no. 245 )· Nos. 373-375 were found in the stairway of this house. Height of the fragment 5 I cm. ; width at the top 3 3 cm. Height of the extant portion of the die 2 5 cm . ; width of the die 24 cm.

· Umm idj-Dj imal. 14I

The rows of letters are separated by incised lines . Height of letters 31/2-41/2 cm .

LIIAII UJEnH

Inser. 24 1 . Scale I : 10.

A \ r , utl 0.1£-�) E1tY)x6� K-

In 1. 3 the final K is probably the first letter of the name of the dedicator, which immediately followed the name of the deity as In no. 2 39. The epithet ;;"'1w; is also applied to Zeus in Wad. 2720a = I.G.R. 1 020 .

242 . ALTAR . A fragment of an altar found lying on the ground in the courtyard of a house in the eastern part of the city, immediately south of the so-called " Church of Masechos" (see no. 2 64). No. 445 was also found in this house. Height of the fragment 4 5 cm. ; width of the cap 2 5 1/2 cm. Height of the extant portion of the die 2 5-271/2 cm . ; width of the die 201/2 cm . The letters are crude. Height of letters 41/2-5 cm.

Inser. 242. Scale I : ro.

XcetAO; IS the Arabic Kahil ; see Div . IV. Nab. lnscrs. no. 5 5 . found also in no. 4 1 3 , in VA.S. p. ISS, no. 20, in M.S..lIf. p. 2 62 , i t has been restored by MM. Dussaud and MacIer ( V.A .5. 1. c . ) i n Wad. the copy read X E E r " 0 '( .

The name is no. 67, and 24 1 0, where

2 4 3 . PILLAR. A fragment of a p illar found lying on the ground outside the east wall of the city, west of the church outside the wall . The general appearance of the stone resembles that of an altar, but the inscription indicates that it was a pillar or stele set up to commemorate the gift of some benefactor. Height of the fragment 5 5 cm. ; width of the base 3 I cm . Height of the extant portion of the die 2 61/2 cm. ; width of the die 2 61/2 cm. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the letters 5-7 cm.

, P..] - ' "\ I . • • • • . wa£� �Y E7tAC.(XCVa£y.

Inser. 243. Seale I : 20.

It is evident from the inscription that the stone was not an altar, but that it was erected to commerllorate the gift of the pavement of some public, or more probably, sacred place, as the sanctuary in Wad. I 984 b, or the portico in Wad. 1 8 7 8 .

244. LINTEL. Found over a window i n the house i n the southwest corner o f the city , which abuts on the city-wall (the so-called " House no. II

") . The stone was taken down for the purpose of copying the inscription, and was left lying 'on the ground. Length 941/2 cm. ; height 29 cm. There is red coloring-matter in the letters . Height of letters 3-6 cm .

G. Robinson Lees Geogr: Journ. v ( 1895), p. 19; Dussaud and Mader, MS.M p. 281; no. I2I.

CEOCKAC IAf'VOYf-1AC T E P 1 MET A TO;Y�filP��A NATC ToY Iff; A T f� 0 ( t 1< THe E N TONTIE.;\O NA K f--\TAAN

lArE i'J lnser. 244. Seale I : 10.

lw; Kczatayou p.d.a--r£p . . • . . . p.c-ra. -rou [e]Cl.yC<-ro[u] -ro;:) �CI.-rpo; sxry)(JEv -rov 7tEAO YO: x� ora. r/.v-

/ a:,/£y.

Shaz\ (son) of Cassia nus, 1nagister .. ... . . , after the death of his father erected the gate-way and the upper hall.

Lees' copy contains most of 1. 2. and some letters from the other lines ; no attempt was made to decipher the inscription. The copy of MM . Dussaud and Macler includes the first line and portions of the second and third ; many of the letters, however, are illegible.

The interpretation of the letters immediately following the patronymic has afforded considerable difficulty. The word is clearly some title borne by the builder. We have rejected the obvious n�ading p.aa-r�p, the name of an official not uncommon in Greek cities in the third century B. C . (see references cited by van Herwerden , Lex. Suppl. s . vv. p.Cl.ar�p and p.C<arpo;), on account of the lack of evidence for the existence of such officials in Byzantine times. The spelling fLc<a-rcp for 1nagister seems worthy of a man who wrote rJ.vrX:,/£v for rJ.w/:,/awy. It doubtless represents the actual pronunciation of the word in the popular language, where the guttural 1 had become a y or i, and was fused with the following vowel or suppressed altogether. The form p.a£taropov (for p.actaropcvy) occurs in a late inscription from Anaea, J ahreshft. d. Oester. Inst. XI (1908), Beiblatt, p . I 6 5 , no. 9 . Thus arose such words as p.d.�arpoq; and p.Cl.iar(np (see Du Cange, Gloss. s . vv.) , fLa£ta-rpo with analogous Romance forms (see Schuchardt, Vokalz's1nus des Vulgarlateins, II, p. 461), and by a further development, this form fLria-rcp and also fLd.a-rwp with the compounds 7tpv)'rOp.ria-rcvp and p.aa-rpofLD'Ii; (see Du Cange, Gloss. 845-6) . The reading of the following letter is

Umm idj -Dj imal. 143

very uncertain , especially as it is not clear whether the cross-stroke is to be regarded as part of the letter, as a mark of abbreviation, or as the top of the IT in the line below. The copy of MM. Dussaud and Macler shows this letter in ligature with the following as ,,�, but this cannot be correct, since there are no other ligatures in the inscription . Lees ' copy shows a X , but no certain conclusion can be based on his reading. However, the letter is p�rhaps to be read as a X , used as an abbreviation for X(�p'rY};) ; a mag(ister) coh(ortis) (Jniliariae) Henzes(enorztm) is found in C.I.L. III 1 0307 . Or, if the stroke is a mark of abbreviation, i t is possible to read t'Tt1rEWV; such a nzagz 'ster eqz titu1n had the rank of centurio supernumerarius, and in the period of the late empire was probably the commander of the cavalry of a legion ; see von Domaszewski , Rangordnz tng des yiiln. Heeres, Bonn . J ahrb. CXVII (1 908), p. 48 f.

The use of the genitive after {J-s'rrl. = 'after' is not infrequent in Byzantine Greek, e. g. Malalas, pp. 1 8 7 , 3 6 2 and 3 84 Dind.

The spelling dvrl.1sV for the late Greek form dvrl.1(lWV was doubtless due to the popular pronunciation of the word, and seems a stage in the development which led eventually to the modern Greek dV�1� . The form 'rrl. for 'r6 is analogous to 'reX x.rl.a'rpov, no. 20 frg. 46, but the error may be due to assimilation to the following (1..

Nos. 245-2 5 5 are inscribed on the walls of the large building in the southern part of the city, the so-called " Barracks" . The building was originally the castellum of the city, and afterwards was used as a monastery ; see Div. I I . A . 3 , p. 1 66 f.

245 . BLOCK. Forming the front wall of the balcony which projects from the east side of the tower. This inscription and the three following are so far above the ground that measurements could not be taken, but each block is approximately 50 cm. high; and 70 cm. long.

Waddington, no. 2068 C, a.

IABTPI

Inscr. 245. Scale I : :!O.

The names of the four archangels inscribed upon the four sides of the tower (nos . 245-248) agree with those described in the Hebrew apocalyptic writings as the four chief angels of God. In the earlier literature, to be sure , as represented by the Book of Enoch, the canon is not definitely determined, for the number varies from six to three (see Hilgenfeld , Judische Apokalyptik, p. 1 3 5 f. ) , and even when the number is limited to four, the same names do not always occur. Thus the four who are appointed by God to punish the fallen angels and their sons, the giants, (l!.jzoch, IX) are l\tlichael, Gabriel, Surjan (z'. e. Surjal , v. I. Surel) \ and Urjan (i e. Urjal) , while the four who stand on the four sides of the Lord of spirits (Enoch, XL 8-9) are Michael , Rufael, Gabriel, and Fanuel, and these also act as the punishers of the wicked in c. LIV 6 and c . LXXI . 8 f. However, in the Greek versions of Enoch, as represented by the

I However, in c. X Rufael is substituted for Surjal.


Egyptian fragment and the quotations of Syncellus (Vol . I, p . 2 2 , 1 3 and p . 43 , 4 Dindorf) , the names in c. IX are Michael , U riel, Raphael and Gabriel , and this is the regular canon of the later Jewish writings ; see also W. Lueken , Mz'chael, ez'ne Darstellung, etc. (Gottingen , 1 898) , p . 3 5 . In the mediaeval Jewish literature, which of course reflects an' earlier tradition, these four angels are represented as standing on the fou r sides of the throne of God as leaders of four troops of angels . There is, it is true, some divergence of statement as to their relative positions with regard to the Divine Presence, but the best established order is: Michael (the chief of the archangels) on the right of the throne, z'. e. toward the south, since the throne was always regarded as facing the east, Uriel on the left, z'.e. toward the north, Gabriel in front, z'.e. toward the east, and Raphael behind, z'.e. toward the west ; see Buxtorf, Lexz'con C hald. Talm. Rabb. , ed. B . Fischer (Leipzig, 1 8 69) , p. 2 7 , s .v. 'N�i'N, and Lueken , Mz'chael, p . 34. The order of the names on the tower agrees with the Hebrew tradition only in the case of Gabriel and Uriel. H owever, the fact is significant that on a monastery-tower the names of the four archangels are associated with the points of the compass quite in the manner of the Hebrews, for it seems to indicate on the part of these Christians a belief in the Hebrew angelology, and perhaps even a belief in the potency of angelic names , similar to their use as charms in Christian magic papyri and gems found in Egypt ; see Lueken, Mz'chael, p. 7 1 .

246 . BLOCK. Forming the front wall of the balcony which projects from the south side of the tower.

loser. 246. Scale I : 20 .

This name and that of Michael (no . 247) were not seen by Waddington, and he supposed that the names of these two angels had been omitted ; see his commentary to no . 2068 , sub fin.

247 . BLOCK. Forming the front wall of the balcony which projects from the west side of the tower.

loser. 247. Scale I : 20.

248 . BLOCK. F arming the front wall of the balcony which projects from the north side of the tower.

Waddington, no. 2068 A, a ; Schumacher, Z.D.P.-v' x x ( 1897), p. 160.

Umm idj -Djimal 145

, / "1 OUPC(jA.

Inscr. 248. Scale I : 2 0.

W addington 's' copy reads 0 Y P t I I I A .

249. BLOCKS . Built into the east side of the tower. The inscription covers an entire course exten ding the whole width of the wall . Length about 4.40 m . ; height 2 81/2 cm. There are traces of red paint in the l etters .

Waddington, no. 2 068 C, b ; Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1 89 7 ) , p. I 6 I .

I!lscl'. 249. Scale I : 40.

K(upc)e 0 e(E6);, �(xaae 1'ou; a�tXOUY1'a; yjp.i;, (xai) 1tOAsp.saOY au1'ou; 1'� a� O'(1))v(a)p.(ct) .

o Lord God, judge those who wrong us, and make war against them with thy mz'ght.

Waddington's copy reads TT O A E M H C O N . In Schumacher's drawing the letter in question is represented as undecipherable.

This i nscription is an adaptati on of Psalms XXXIV (XXXV) , I : d{xaaOy, Kupcc, 1'01;; d�cxoij'J1'd; p'e, 1tOAEp.YJaOY 1'OU ; 1tOASP.0Z;y1'd.; p.e. d{,t,avs is probably to be explained as �(xaa(/,,! rather than as a hybrid form .

2 5 0. BLOCKS . Built into the north side of the tower, in the same course as no. 249 . The inscription extends the whole width o f the wall . Length o f block A I . 5 2 m . , of block B 1 .46 m . , of block c 5 I cm. , of block D 65 cm . , of block E 2 5 cm . ; height 2 8 1/;, cm . H eight of letters I 01/c;,- I 41/c;, cm. There are traces of red p aint in the letters .

Waddington, no. 2068 A, b ; Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1 89 7), p. I 6 I .

A B � "D E.

I EVX H N �M E P IA N � s I WAN HI om A m DC N H Horae H M W[Y[I IMfN<ATAA I�I� Inscl'. 250. Scale I : 40.

EuX� N 01)p.EpCayOU (xa!) 'I(.)ciW01) . 'Ex "Iaa1'p�; p.Y}1'po�· e(EO); np.&J(v) au (c)l · p.� EYXa1'aA{1t".'; +.

A vow of Numerz'anus and Joannes . From (our) mother's womb thou art 'our God,. forsake (us) not.

Block A : E Y X H N 'lS' M E P I A IJ 'lS' S I W A N N , Schumacher. Block c : H M W [ Y E I , Waddington ; H M W [ Y 0 , Sch umacher.

As Waddington has pointed out, this text is an adaptation of Psalms XXI (XXII) , II : 'E1tl ae E1tEp{cpY}V SX {l.i 1'p a; , EX XO!).. :o.:; (d1to "Iaa't'p6;, Cod. Sinaiticus, 2 d hand) p.Y}'t'p6; P.01) (;<JeO; P.01) d au · p.� d1toa1'�; art' £p.t)u, en e)..{�c; E"I"IU;. The variation drtQ "Iaa1'p6; for EX xot)..{a; is perhaps a reminiscence of v. 1 0, Gn au cl 0 Exartiaa; p.e EX "Iaa1'pc; , but the


correction in the Codex Sinaiticus would seem rather to indicate that there was another version of the text, which read d1d ",/a(npOr;, and that this was the version known to N umerianus and Joannes. The formula p.� i""xar;a).!rr"(Jr; {.1.S (/ip.ir;) occurs often in the Psalms, and also in the liturgies (e.g. Swainson , pp. 6 and 7 6) , and was probably more familiar than the less common p.� drro!J'r;�r; drr' d[.Lou.

The word sux� is frequently employed in Pagan inscriptions either alone (Wad. 2 2 90 ; 2407 ; 2 6 2 7) , or in the formulas xar;' C.ux�v and c.uxl;r; Xrlp�v (Wad. 2 11 6 and 2 2 I I = A .A .E.S. III 380) to signify the fulfillment of a vow made to some deity, and it seems to be used in the same sense in Christian inscriptions ; see nos. 2 5 7-2 5 9 and A .A . .E�S. III 5 7 and 3 34. Accordingly, this inscription seems to record the fulfillment of a vow, perhaps the building of the tower or a part of it, made to God by Numerianus and Joannes, quite in the manner of the Pagans. These same pious men also constructed portals in the church near by, likewise in fulfillment of vows made by themselves and their children ; see nos. 2 5 8 and 2 5 9 .

2 5 I . BLOCK. Built into the east wall of the tower, in the lowest course of inscribed blocks. It is at the south end of the course, so that the cross on the left end of the stone is visible from the south side of the tower . Length about 1. 80 m . ; height about 30 cm. ; thickness about 30 cm. Height of letters about 12 cm . There are traces of red paint in the letters .

Waddington, no. 2068 C, c ; Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1 897) , p. 1 6 1.

� � � T o T W + N I KA s g o H 8 \ Inser. 25 I . Scale I : 20.

+ Tour;w + VtX0 (Ita!) �oY}ei.

This (sz'gn) conquers (and) aids.

To:)r;w refers, of course, to the sIgn of the cross, as in Div . I I I . B . · I, no . 886 , and A .A .E.S. III 2 3 7 and 2 5 5 . The mere sign o f the cross with the verb vtxciv is used to express the same sentiment in no . 4 1 and A.A .E.S. III 2 10 . This use of �QY}ec.iv with the sign of the cross is, as far as we know, unparalleled, but seems justified by the magical potency attributed to the symbol ; see A.A .E.S. III , p. 20 f.

2 5 2 . BLOCK. Built into the south wall of the tower, in the same course as no . 2 5 1. I t is at the west end of the course. The left end of the stone is concealed by a wall built at a later period ; it probably contains a cross like the one in nos . 2 5 I, 2 5 3 , and 2 5 4. Length about 1. 7 5 m. ; height about 30 cm. Height of letters about 1 2 cm.

Waddington, no. 2068 D.

Inser. 2 5 2 . Scale I : 20.

�(o)�(a) !J'(o[) , 0 e(d)r; 'A�p(wx)(l. (xai) 'I!J'(o-ca)x (xai) ·Iaxo� .

Glory (be) to thee, God of Abraham (and) Isaac (and) '.Jacob.

K W B, Waddington.

Umm idj-Dj imal 147

The omission of the vowels in this inscription seems to show Semitic influence. \Vaddington 's reading �(6)c;(a) VO[i] , fo) (eQ); x. 't . ).. . is wrong, for the line of abbreviation clearly extends over the first three letters I:::. � [ . :furthermore, the expression 0 Ge6; was regularly used in the liturgies of the church in addressing prayers to God. The phrase f16c;a (Jot, 0 8e6;, according to Germanus p. 1 8 1 D was the ritualistic formula spoken by a person who looked at an image" of a saint ; the name of the saint was then added. The inscription concludes with the familiar quotation from the words of Jehovah to Moses, Exodus III, 6 f. , also quoted in an inscription from Selemiyeh, Wad. 2 6 3 5 = A.A .E.S. III 2 96.

2 5 3 . BLOCK. Built into the west wall of the tower, in the same course as nos. 2 5 I and 2 5 2 . It is at the north end of the course, so that the cross on the left end of the stone is visible from the north side of the tower. Length about 1 .45 m . ; height about 30 cm. ; thickness about 30 cn:t. Height of letters about 1 4 cm. There are traces of red paint in the letters.

Waddington, no. 2068 B ; Schumacher, Z.D;P.- V. xx ( 1897) , p. 16r .

"''I-------�-�-1 t E M HA+ N o H A � ______ ---J

Inscr. 2 5 3 . Scale I : 20.

+ 'Epp,a + vou�).. .

The formula is found on lintels from northern Syria ; see Div. I I I . B , nos. 866 and 9 5 7 , and A .A .E.S. III 2 1 9 . The redundant phrase >Ep.f1.avolJ�).. p'ee' rJp.�)V occurs in Div. I lL B , no. 1 06 5 .

2 54. BLOCK. Built into the north wall of the tower, in the same course as nos. 2 5 1-2 5 3 . I t is at the east end of the course, so that the cross on the left end is visible from the east side of the tower. This end of the block was concealed by a wall built at a later period, and it was necessary to remove a few of the stones of this wall . Length about 1 . 50 m . ; height about 30 cm. ; thickness about 3 8 cm. Height of letters I 1 - 1 2 cm. There are traces of red paint in the letters.

Waddington, no. 2068 A, c; Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1897), p. 161 .

� � � XEE YXHCi\FN ¢l\lN H HA[ lnscr. 254. Scale I : 20.

+ X(p�vr)s, eUX� v(o� ) . rX"I(ia(Jo)v , p(u))..(a)c;(o)1J np.a;.

o Chrz'st, a vow to thee ,. sanctz/y, guard us.

Waddington and Schumacher did not copy the first six letters, which were concealed by the later wall . Waddington restored 8eo]; �:,/vU), x . 't o ).. . , which is corrected by our copy. We have read d"l(irLvo)v instead of d"lvU) as the line of abbreviation extends across the letters A r N, and thus indicates that letters have been omitted from the interior of the word. [ is similarly used as the abbreviation for vot in no. 2 5 2 . The

Publications or the Pri nceton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec . A, Pt. 3 . 20


word EuXi is probably to be understood as 'vow ' , as in no . 2 S0, but perhaps in this instance it means 'prayer' .

2 5 5 . BLOCK. Built into the west wall of the tower, in the second story, and in the course immediately below no . 2 5 3 . The block is broken into five fragments. Total length of the block 1 . 60 m . ; height 43 cm. Height of the chrismon 2 2 cm. ; width 1 41/Z cm. Height of letters 1 1 1/z- 1 2 1/Z cm . There are traces of red paint in the letters.

Waddington, no. 2068 B, b; Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1897), p. 16I .

E I P H Peace -f unto all.'

lnser. 2 5 5 . Seale I : 20.

This formula recurs constantly in the liturgies, but is uncommon in inscriptions. A similar expression is found on a lintel from a church-door in Kr�m in the Ledja, Wad. 2 5 1 9 , also to be published in Pt. 7 of these publications .

2 5 6 . LINTEL. Over a door in the church in the southwestern corner of the city (the so-called " Southwest Church") ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p. 1 8 3 f. The door is at the east end of the church , south of the apse. Length of the lintel 1 .4 I m. ; height 2 81/2 cm. Length of the inscription (excluding the cross) 7 1 cn1 . Height of letters S l/z-61/2 cm .

+ N I K A E T I X H � fo N' B E N E TO N lnser. 25 6. Seale I : 20.

Nixa, i 'nxYJ 1'81,i BEVS-roV .

Conquer, Fbrtune of the Blues .'

This inscription and no . 2 66 , together with a stone found at Taff in the Ledja by the Expedition of 1 909 (v{x,a, EU'tUXYJ 't;)1,i BEvin.)v), are of interest as showing that even the smaller provincial cities participated in the rivalries of the factions of the capital. The existence of this party-strife in the sixth and early seventh centuries in the eastern provinces in general , and in Antioch in particular, is attested by the Byzantine historians (e.g. Malalas , pp . 3 9 3 and 4 1 6 Dind. ; Theophanes, p. 1 66 de Boor ; Paul. Diac. I V 3 7) , but it appears from these inscriptions that in the smaller cities also there were echoes of the partisan feeling which ran so high at Constantinople. The word 1,i{xa (== vz'ncas) is found on many monuments pertaining to the circus (cf. Daren1berg-Saglio, I , p. I J 94 , n . 3 2) ; it was the usual cry of acclamation at the games, and in later times became famous as the watchword of the factions in the great riot of 5 3 2 A.D. l-Ience there is no doubt that the word is to be read here as an imperative. The use of the article after the imperative, as in Y; 'tuXYJ, can be paralled by many instances in classical , and, especially, in New Testament Greek, where the nominative with the article is used in address ; see Blass, Gram . d. Neutest. Grz'ech. Z (Gottingen , 1 90 2 ), p . 89 f. A striking instance of such usage is the well-known XaipE, c3 �aO'�AEu� 'tc0V 'I(;1)O'aiwv , Matth. XXVII 2 9 .

The words vix'a, t7 'tuXYJ KW1,iO'tav'tiv(1) x . 't o A . occur on two columns from Constantinople,

U mm idj-Dj imal 149 C.I G. 8788 and 8 7 89 , one of which was dedicated by the partisans of the Blues . In both of these the editors of the Corpus read VtX0, but it seems to us that this is an instance analogous to the inscriptions from Umm idj-Djimal , and that here also the words v{xa, i ,rf.rx.Y) are an acclamation ; hence we believe that the expression had an application extending beyond the hippodrome . An instapce of this more general use occurs in an inscription from Melal) i�-�arrar, to be published in Pt. 5, and which reads + v[xaY), i ruXY) rov Xp(tanawJv) . Compare also the following instances in Latin inscriptions where n£ka is used with the vocative of a name : C.IL. X 206 1 , 805 9 177, and 8 303 .

These inscriptions suggest a possible restoration of others. Wad. 1 900, P E N E T O N I IT . . A A T A E T H , is almost certainly to be restored [vExa, '17 ruXY) rcJv] (B)sVEr:ov , 1t[oA]Aa rei. ErY) . This same acclamation is found on an altar from cOrman , V.A .5. , p. 1 64, no. 3 3 = M.S.M. , p . 2 5 5 . no. 44, where, on 0 the analogy of our restoration of Wad. 1 900, faces b and a are to be read together thus : vixa, 17 ruxY) rov • • • • • • . • fnV x�O) ' 0 ' • • • • • rou �aatA[w;, 1tOAAa ra Ery) . Unfortunately, we are unable to suggest any restoration for the first genitive, which is undoubtedly the name of some faction , sect , or tribe. The presence of rot; �aatA[w; on face a makes it probable that a v and not O N is to be read in l. 8 of face b , and that the name of some local potentate, or, more probably, of the emperor (Heraclius, if the date 6 I I A.D. on the bevel above the base is correct) should be restored after the xa[. Similarly, a stone from Ephesus, ,),ahreshft. d. Oest. Inst. x ( 1 907) , Bez'bl. , p. 70 contains, after the names of Heraclius and his son in the genitive, the words, apparently added by another hand, xat r�v IJpaa{vw'J 1to),Aa ra ErY) . Furthermore, it may be possible to restore on the analogy of these inscriptions from Dmm idj-Djimal Wad. 242 5 , H A I A N ! + N I K A H T V + X H T O N K O X + as H A I A N N[xa, '17 ruXY) rov KOX(XlVWV) . We propose this, however, with great hesitation , because the faction of the Reds is regularly referred to by the Byzantine writers as ro 'Pouawv Culpo;) or oi 'Pouawt, and we know of no instance in Latin or Greek where the word coccz'nus "is used to denote this faction, except perhaps Mart. XIV 1 3 1 ; here it has a general, not a technical sense. It is usually stated by the Byzantine historians that the Reds were amalgamated with the Blues, but it is clear that they continued to exist, if not as a political faction , at least as a corporation, for we are expressly told by Malalas 0 (p . 3 9 3 Dind.) that Anastasius I was an adherent of the Reds, and in the ninth century the faction had its representative in the races (Cedrenus vol . II? p. 1 7 5 Bek.) .

It is perhaps not a mere coincidence that the three Syrian inscriptions favor the party of the Blues . This was known to be the faction favored by Justinian (cf. Procop . Bell. Pers. II, 1 1 , 3 2 ; Malalas, p . 4 2 5 Dind. ; Evagrius IV, 3 2) , and it may therefore have become throughout the Empire the most popular of the parties. Accordingly, these inscriptions are perhaps to be dated in the reign of Justinian himself or of one of his immediate successors.

The presence of an inscription of this character over a door of a church seems to illustrate perfectly the passage of Procopius (Bell. Pers. I, 24, 5 ) , which tells to what length the partisanship of the factions was carried : P.tASt rs auro[; ours eciwv ours r/.VepWTCS{WV 1tpa"lp.el.rwv 1tapa ro E.'V rourot:; vtxciv , Y;V r[ n d(]i�Y)p.a d; roy 8sov urp' crououv ap.aprel.'Jy)rat , x. r. A. However, on account of the character of the execution of this inscription , which does not resemble a mere graffito scrawled on a church lintel , coupled with the fact that there is no reason to suppose that the similiar stone no. 2 66 ever formed part of a church, we are inclined to believe that this stone is not in its

Di vision III Section A Part 3

original posItIOn , but that it belonged to some less sacred building, with which such an inscription would be more in keeping. The fact that the cross is found on no. 266 as well as on this stone, seems to show that the symbol was not a later addition carved on the lintel out of deference for the church , but an integral part of the inscription ; perhaps its presence was considered to have a certain efficacy in ensuring the success of the faction, but more probably it is due merely to convention and without real significance.

2 5 7 . LINTEL. On a lintel of one of the portals of the church situated directly northeast of the so-called " Barracks" , and designated as the " Church of N umerianus" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p . 1 9 1 . The stone is over the southernmost door on the west side of the church. Nos. 3 98 and 399 were found in this same church . Length 1 . 5 i /2 m . ; height 2 7-2 8 cm . Height of the cross in the center of the face 1 7 cm . Height of letters 1 01/2- 1 2 cm.

Waddington, no. 2067.

!E YXH MA P I A[ tkAI T E kNWN I Inser. 2 5 7 . Seale I : 20.

E' ' M ' + \ , UX" (l.p�(I.� iU.U 't'EXV(JV .

The portal was constructed In fulfillment of a VOW ; cf. no . 2 S o.

2 5 8 . LINTEL. On a lintel of another portal of the same church. The stone is over the central door on the west side of the church. The block is surmounted by a moulding. Length 2 m . ; height of the face 2 6 cm . ; height of the moulding 31/2 cm . Height of the cross in the center of the face 1 8 cm. Height of letters I I- I 1 1/'). cm .

Waddington, no. 2067 .

lIilllillIlIllIIll I l lllIlIIIIIII'IIII/lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/IIII" lifl/lflflll

E Y X H N � M E P IAN 0 +KA I TWNTE KN UJ N Inser. 2 5 8 . Seale I : 20.

Numerianus was one of the persons mentiC'ned III an inscription on the tower of the so-called " Barracks" ; see no . 2 50 .

2 5 9 . LINTEL . On a lintel of another portal of the same church . The stone is over the northernmost door on the west side of the building. Length 1 . 9 2 m . ; height 2 8 cm . The cross in the center of the face is partly obliterated . There are traces of red paint in the letters. Height of letters 9- 1 1 1/2 cm.


Umm idj-Dj imal 1 5 1

[E Y X H I W AN N OY+kAI T E k N WN J Inscr. 2 5 9. Scale I : 20.

Joannes is also mentioned in no. 2 50.

2 60. CAPITAL. 5 5 6 A .D. On a capital found lying in the church situated northeast of the " Praetorium", and designated as the " Cathedral" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p. 1 8 2 f. The capital belonged to a pier of the apse-arch. Length 68-8 2 cm. ; height 2 31/2 cm. ; height of the band on which the letters are inscribed 1 6 cm. Height of the cross 1 8 cm . Height of letters 9- 1 2 cm.

\ElS±YNAJ \ I Inscr. 260. Scale I : 20.

The year 45 1 of the era of Bo!?ra is 5 5 6 A.D.

2 6 1 . LINTEL . On the lintel of the central portal on the west side of a church situated a short distance northeast of the so-called " Gate of Commodus" . The church is designated from this inscription as the " Church of Claudianus" . Length 1 . 9 3 to 2 .06 m . ; height 3 2 1/2 cm . In the center of the face is a disk containing a raised cross. Height of letters 6- 1 1 1/2 cm .

Allen (from Merrill's copy), Am. J. Phil. VI ( 1 885), p. 2 10, no. 48.

Inscr. 26 I. Scale I : 20.

Claud£anus (and) Ka£oumos, (h£s) brother.

K A 1 0 V M 0 c I K A A V Ll i A N O E (or C ?) I A ll E @ A <l> O C, Merrill .

There would seem to be no doubt that it is our inscription which is imperfectly reproduced in Merrill 's copy, and which was said by him to have come " from the lintel of a door to a house , shop, or possibly a public building" .

The name Kawvp.os; or Kawup.as; is found. in other inscriptions from these regions ; see no . 20 a. It is perhaps not to be connected with KatCl.p.os;. F or the Semitic originals of the names see Clermont-Ganneau, R.A . O. v ( 1 903) , p. 369 ; Lidzbarski, Eph. I ,

p. 3 2 9 , 29 . But Littmann prefers to derive thenl both from the same root.

2 6 2 . LINTEL. 344 A.D. Found lying on the ground in a church situated In the northern part of the city, and designated from this inscription as the " Church of Julianus" ; see no. 2 3 6. The stone is broken into two pieces. Length of frg. A

901/2 cm. at the top, 9 5 1/2 cm. at the bottom ; of frg. B 671/2 cm. at the top, 6 2 1/2 at the bottom ; height 341/2 cm. The face is somewhat weathered . Height of letters 3-4 cm .

A B

1 0 V I\I A N 0 Y T O !1 E g N H J4AMAK\ P W B E B A P H M E N W Y TT N 0 Y

E W A rA e o ( b E 1 ).\ A T oTI ATH P KA r·:� .. , �� I( A Y ".1� E Lv<');'�' N K O I M H T H P l o y n A P A T E: PM A Ko l J O Y A A O Y X P E I CTOY

T 0 q)' P A Y T O N t\ E.. I 6 0 I E /\/ A '-\ E -I N N f , ( A E I :"" A 0 ( �. i A M <P A I A I AA r A e \l.J IT A p O I e E N · n P E ( B Y T E f W TT I CT O N E o N TA r A IT H TO N E T E w N -I g O N T A

Inser. 262. Scale I : 10.

'IOUAul.'JOU 'r6�c p.'JYip.a, p.axp(jJ �c:�apYJf1.iy� U1t'JOU , � "A,,/aeoC; �€[p.a'ro 1ta-r�p xa-ra �dxpu [ov] €i1�w]v , XQ�!J.YJrYJp[ou 1tapa r!pp.a XO!'JO;:;' Aaof./ XpWJ!OU, " , " " J\ " J ' , 1 \ (XpP aU'rQ'J a€WOC€'J ap.€!'Jwv €, ; aSt Aa':l; dp.rpi( t)�(a, 'A,,/rJ.er:> 1td.pOte€'J 1tpca�urip�,)

, ' I " I ' I .!I ' \ .!I I , f mara'J wvr a"laTtYJro'J , €!E(')'J u UO xca U €Xa ovra .

"E'ro(u;) a).e' .

a C J\ 9

Thz's (is) the memorial of Julianus, wez'ghed down with long sleep, for whom Agathus (hz's) father built (it) , shedding a tear, hard by the. bounds of (the) publz'c cemetery of (the) people of Christ, to the end that the better folk might for ever sz'ng his praz'ses publz'cly, as being aforetz'1ne a trusty (son) to Agathus, (the) presbyter, (and) well beloved, being twelve years (old). In (the) year 239 (344 A . D .) .

The Homeric flavor of the language of this epitaph is characteristic of the type to which it belongs ; see no. 1 60.

Line I . The transposition of the endings in �S�7.PYJfli'J� U1t'Jou is evidently a blunder on the part of the stone-cutter, for the inscription is otherwise quite free from syntactical errors . The phrase occurs also in Anth. Pal. VII 2 90 (1tup.dr� �E�(lpY)P.{'JOV V1t'Jr:» , where it similarly forms the end of an hexameter. The expression is also found in A nth . Plan. I V 98 and Luke IX , 3 2 ; in both these instances , however, i t is used literally , and not of the sleep of death . Homeric usage seems to have required the active form ; cf. oi'vr:> �2�apYj6'rE:; , Od. "/ I 3 9 , and �2�(lpYJ6'ra . . . orv� , Od. ;: 1 2 2 . However, in the latter passage, the variant preserved in Aristot. Probl. xxx I reads �c�apYJp.ilJo'J orv� , forming the end of the hexameter. In later hexameter verse the form �€�apYJp.{vo; is very common ; cf. �€�apljp.Eva ��{'J20'Gt'J, Theocr. XVII 6 1 , 'J [6a]r,v �c�apYJf1.Evo;, Kaibel , Ep. Graec. 3 3 5 , 4 ; "I�prr- �€�apYJp.i'.io; , ide 608, 6 .

Line 2 . 'f A"Ic/.Bo; i s evidently a proper name. I t occurs not infrequently, and, curiously, also as the name of a presbyter in C.I. G. 9 2 5 5 . We have restored xaru �dxpu [o')] € r [�w ]v

on the basis of a num ber of instances in the Homeric poems, in all of which the phrase also forms the end of an hexameter ; see II. II II, T 3 2 3 , n 9 ; Od. A 39 1 , 1t 3 3 2 , c,> 2 80 ; i n the last of these the whole expression 1t(lr�p xara �dxpuov d�'J)'J occurs as here .

Line 4. 'Ap.dvw'J A(l6; apparently refers to the Christians, as opposed to the unconverted . Perhaps, however, the expression is to be understood in a more general sense as referring to the pious passers-by who will stop to read the inscription , whereas the less reverent would fail to show respect to the dead .

Line 5 . W e have read dp.rpd(t)�ta, supposing the vertical stroke after the fourth letter to be an error of the stone-cutter, or perhaps a scratch on the face of the lintel .

Umm idj -Dj imal 1 5 3

The word as an adverb is of course a solecism, but a not unnatural formation from dp.pdO'w�, perhaps on the analogy of dp_q)(x.cJd and dfl-CfcxcJ[Y)v. The only other possibility , dfl-Cf' d€cJuy., " throughout eternity" , seems superfluous on account of the Ei� dEt in 1 . 4.

The letters which record the date are plain , but cannot be read €ro� 'Ae' , because of the mention in the inscription of a public Christian cemetery, which could hardly have existed in 1 44 A . D . The letters E T O must therefore be regarded as an abbreviation for €rvv;, or else emended to frEe .

2 6 3 . LINTEL. On a lintel of the church situated in the southeastern part of the city, and designated as the " Double Church" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p. I 79 . The stone is over the north door of the building . Length at top 1 . 30 m . , at bottom I .44 m . ; height 2 6 cm . The letters were merely scratched on the stone and then painted red. Owing to the disappearance of the coloring-matter the inscription has become almost illegible. It was possible to decipher only the letters here given . Height of the cross in the center of the face 2 2 cm. Height of letters I 2- 1 8 cm.


We regard the marks after the third and fourth letters as only scratches, and believe that the first name is Kaefl-0�' for Kcaap.o�, Arabic I(aiyanz , a name common in Syrian inscriptions. POY)o� is for POEO�) a variant of Povaw�, Arabic Rucaz'y ; see no. 1 49 .

2 64. LINTEL. On a lintel found in the church which is immediately south of the so-called East Gate of the city, and which has been called from this inscription the " Church of Masechos" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p. I 7 6 . The stone is over the doorway which leads into the narrow chamber on the south side of the apse. Length I . 1 3 m . ; height 1 9 cm. Height of letters 61/2- I 01/2 cm.


The carver seems to have failed to calculate the amount of space necessary for the inscription , and was thus forced to utilise the space above for the remaining letters. The fact that the right end of the stone has been shaved off seems to indicate that the stone is not in situ.

2 6 5 . LINTEL. On a lintel found lying in the entrance of a house situated immediately east of the church attached to the so-called " Barracks" . In the stable near th is house no . 3 80 was found. Length I -40 m . ; height 2 3 cm. In the center of the face is a disk containing a raised cross, I 91/2 cm. in height. The letters contain traces of red coloring-matter. Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cn1 .

1 54 Division III Section A Part 3

Iuser. 265. Scale I : 20.

+ KUp�E, ':'0 �AE6� ((J )01), itS d{osoy 'rou� iXepou� .

Lord, (grant to us) thy mercy, and drive away (our) enemzes.

The first clause is evidently a shortened form of such formulas K I ' '',\ / P l ( ) 8 d ' \ ",\ / up �c , '!O S AW� vOl) sa 1ns LXXXIV LXXXV , an "/cvorro 'W C AW� vOl) , Psalms XXXII (XXXIII) , 2 2 . The latter petition is inscribed on a lintel Wad. 2 65 2 = A.A .B.S. III 202 . Similar formulas are found also in the and, especially, in the Jewish l iturgies ; see A .A .B.S. III, p . . 1 5 f.

as cJE !SOY ."Jp.i'v, Kup�c , ig;' ip.i� from il-Barah, early Christian

The correct interpretation of the second clause we take to be " Drive away our enemies" , and regard the formula as a reminiscence of such militant passages in the Psalrn,s as that contained in no. 2 49 . The more obvious explanation of '!ou� iX..epou� as '!ou� EJ..epOU� vOl) does not conform so well to the sentiment of the first line. It is to be noted, however, that the prayer xael)nt'!asov nav'!(/. EXepOV, found frequently in the Liturgy of Alexandria (Swainson pp. 6, 8 , 3 8) , is invariably directed against the enemies of the church or of the emperor, not of the petitioner. The phraseology of the clause suggests Lev. XXVI, 7 cJ��SECieE '!ou� EXepOU� up.c;)'.i .

2 66. LINTEL. On a l intel found immediately north of no. 2 65 . Length 981/2 cm. ; height 1 9-2 5 cm . The surface is badly weathered and is covered with lichen ; the letters are hardly legible. In the center of the face is a disk containing a raised cross . Height of cross 1 8 cm . ; height of letters 41/2- I o cm .

+ N I I,A LfD H T vxE T 0 N '\::]J/ B E N HToN


On this inscription see no. 2 5 6 .

+ N ' , � � � OUI., Y) 'rUlE 'rO'.i BC'.iI/'t'ov .

Conquer, For tune of the Blues .'

2 6 7 . LINTEL. On a lintel found lying on the gr9und in front of a small door in a house situated a short distance southwest of the so-called " Praetorium". The house is south of the building designated by Mr. Butler as " House no. VIII" . Length of the lintel 1 .05 n1 . ; height 2 8 cm . Height of letters 6- 1 3 cm.

+ Kawl)p.o�.


On the name see no . 2 6 1 . Kcaol)p.o� was doubtless the owner of the house ; in nos. 97 and 1 7 1 we find in a similar fashion the names of the owners inscribed on lintels.

2 68 . LINTEL. On a lintel of a house west of the house in which no. 2 6 7 was found. The stone is probably in situ. Length 1 . 6 2 . n1 . ; height 2 9-3 I cm . In the centre of the face is a cross ; on each side of this is a raised knob. Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cm.

U mm idj-Djimal

Inscr. 268. Scale I: 20.

' I

, l ] IWQ!vtS, �w(j'WJ va or-v� , Kawup.os·

155

These are probably the names of joint owners of the house or place of business, as In no. 171. Possibly Kawup_ac; was the father of the other two persons, the form standing for the genitive; on the name see no. 261.

269. LINTEL. Found in the so-called «House no. VI"

; see no. 234. The stone now serves as the lintel of a door in one of the rooms on the north side of the house .

. Length 1.29 m.; height 20 cm. Length of the inscription 36 cm. Height of letters 10-12 cm.

1198. Inscr. 269. Scale I : 20.

These four letters are evidently to be read as a number,' especially as koppa occurs in the inscriptions from these regions only' as a numerical symbol. They cannot be read as a date, since they do not accord with any known era. They cannot be reckoned as of the era of Bo�ra, which is universal in this neighborhood, and even if we should suppose that the Seleucid era is used in this one instance, the date (877 A . D.) would be too late for a Greek inscription in this region.. Furthermore, in the absence of the word fraus, the presumption is against the interpretation as a date. We believe, therefore, that the number is to be interpreted as a cryptogram of the same type as the inscription on a lintel found by Mr. Prentice at Serdjilla (A.A .E.S. III 220), which contains only the letters H N A (= 805 I ) ; see also A.A.E.S. III, p. 23 f., where other cryptograms are fully discussed. If this is so, the stone affords additional evidence for the existence of cryptic numbers which contain the sum of the numerical values of letters composing son1e formula. Any solution of this number is, of course, uncertain, but we would suggest the prayer common on lintels Kupt£, �o�e£(jov nfl-as, the numerical value of which is 1198. The assumption ot the misspelling po�e£(j'ov seems to be justified by the presence of the same form in A.A .E.S. III 7 I , and the similar �oie,(j'ov z'b. 32; �oiet also occurs z'b. 109, 236, 313. The use of the accusative with �O�eE!V is too common to require special justification.

270. LINTEL. Found in the same house. The stone is in «the third room to the right as one enters the courtyard". Length at the top 1.40 m., at the bottom 1.48 m.; height 24 cm" H�ight of letters 10-121/2 cm.


( �fC EE BE OC \ Inscr. 270 Scale I : 20.

Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pta 3. 21


For this phrase and its frequent use on lintels see A.A .E.5. III, p . 1 8 f. and no. 2 5 .

2 7 1 . BLOCK. 2 3 8-244 A.D. Found in the same house. The stone is built into the north wall of the second story, immediately over the room where no. 2 70 was found . Length 1 . 1 7 m . ; height 2 3 cm. The letters are very shallow, and the stone is so much weathered that many are scarcely legible. In order to read the inscription at all, it was necessary to lie on the top of the wall . Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cm.

o P 6 t A N O N E y e E \)

Inser. 2 7 1 . Seale 1 : 10.

[' I I , I ] AU!OXpaTOpa KataaptX M. A YTU>YWY

r] opO'tavcy EvO'e� [� Ev'w X� 2.e�aO'rdy . . . . 2.a�2{YOU, 2.eGUYjpo; r1)Y • • • • • • . •

This block seems to have formed part of a dedication to Gordianus III , erected by the son of Sabinus and by Severus. How many of the emperor's titles are to be restored is, . of course, problematical ; the presence of EVO'e��; seems to demand its usual concomitants E,j't'1)X1t; and 2.e�a(jT6�.

2 7 2 . BLOCK. On a block built into a wall north of the house where nos. 2 69-2 7 1 were found. Length 44 cm. ; height 2 6 cm . Height of letters 2 3/4-3 cm.

Inset'. 2 72 . Seale I : 10.

· . . . . . . 0' . . 0' • . . J . , -· . . . Mcc.w x.a� A pa . . . .

• . . c.>; 1'2 Opa,(),)o; . • . • • • • • 1) 1tOAAOi l:If A ll . . . . . • • • • � E!OU� T(-n) [;] [i] (1t) [apxeia;] ? . . .

, , i I ( • • • • • Ta CC.laAU>p. a1'a • • • • • •

The fragmentary condition of this inscription renders certain restoration impossible. It should be noted that in character and size the letters bear a striking resemblance to the script of certain fragments of the edict discovered at �o�er il-l)allabat (no . 20) . We know that a copy of the edict was also in existence at U mm id}DjimaJ ; see Wad. 2059 and 2060. However, there is no plausible scheme of restoration which might justify us in regarding this stone as a new fragment of the edict.

In line 4 the character 8 suggests the presence of the abbreviation 8 X i. e . f1(Y�[J:t];) x(rJ.ptY) , which occurs in Wad. 207 7 and 2078 = :: I G.R. III 1 20 1 and 1 20 2 ; see also A.A .E.5. III 40 1 a and 40 I b. In that case, the stone formed part of an inscription on some memorial edifice. However, perhaps f1.(Y}y6�) , followed by the name of a month, as

�atO'{o1), is to be read. The letters in the first line are perhaps a vestige of some form of o,'xoO'op.sc.> . MEc.>Y is the Greek Ma[c.>Y . On the name Opa'Ao;, Arabic WZlraz'l, see no. 306.

U mm idj-Dj imal. 1 5 7 2 7 3 . LINTEL. On a lintel found in a house situated northeast of the so- called

" Church of Numerianus" (see nos. 2 5 7-2 5 9) . In this same house were found nos. 4 1 3 and 4 2 7-4 2 9 . The block serves as the sill o f a door i n a room in the second story , and is upside down . Length 1 . 4 I m . ; width 1 7 1/2- 1 9 cm. The letters contain red coloring-matter. H eight of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm . (B 91/2 cm. , <P 1 3 cm.)


The termination -"Aa.; suggests a Semitic name, but since the man was an officer in the Roman army, it seems m ore probable that some Roman name, as 'AxouO.a;, is to be restored here. A benejicz"arz"us consularz"s after the time of S�ptimius Severus was often promoted directly to the grade of centurz"o legz"onz"s ; see von Domaszewski , Rangordnung d. 1/"Om . Heeres, Bonn. Jahrb. CXVII ( 1 908-), pp. 3 3 and 8 2 . However, the abbreviation ix . for ixa-r:ov'Capxo6 is m ost unusual, and perhaps we should assume a

flaw i n the stone, and read €x.6(]f1:t)(]a�

" 2 74 . TOMB. 1 9 5 A . D . Found lying in a tomb about 400 m etres south of the southeastern corner of the city (the so-called " Tomb no. 6"). Length at the top 46 cm . ; at the bottom 3 8 cm . ; height at the left edge 2 3 cm . , at the right 2 5 cm. Height of letters 41/2-7 cm.

( I C E TOYC E:- NA N H I(O

( T O Y

Inser. 2 74. Seale I : 20 .

(]t; €'C07J� €va.'Iy)xo

(]'C07J.

. . . . . . z"n (the) nz"netz"eth year. ( 1 9 5 A . D .) .

This is evidently the keystone of the arch of the tomb ; for such an arch see Div. I I . A. 3, p . 2 0 7 , ill . 1 8 8 . Mr. Butler inforn1s us that the stone in its present size is not high enough for the width , and that fully half of the original keystone must have been broken off. This missing portion contained the first part of the inscription , including the name of the owner, the termination of whose name is perhaps to be found in -(]t� (for -(]W;) . We believe that the date is to be read, not as the age of the deceased, but as the year of the province, as in the case of the neighboring tomb, n"o . 2 7 5 , and also no. 2 76 . ' These three tombs would then date from about the same period. The date is also written out in ful l in Sec. B, no. 1 0 8 2 , Wad. 2 0 2 4 and 2 4 1 3 a, and Clermont- Ganneau, R .A.O. v ( 1 903) , p. 3 7 8 .

2 7 5 . TOMB. 208 A . D . Lintel found lying in front of a tomb situated about 3 2 5 metres south of the south gate o f the city (the so-called " Tomb no. 5 ") . No. 4 8 8 was also found here. Length 1 . 2 8 m . ; height 2 71/2 cm. The inscription i s within a dovetailed frame formed by incised lines. Length of frame 8 31/2 cm . ; height 1 61/2 cm . The rows of letters are separated by an incised line . I-Ieight of letters 5-5 1/2 cm.

A I\ A 8 6 o c C A g E. e OV E nO I H c E N E T o V P r

loser. 2 7 5 . Seale I : 1 0.

AA(;'(��O� L.a[J-c.eou E1tO{y)O"c.'.i E!OU(�) p'l.

We ha ve foun d no other instance of the form AAa�aO�, the Arabic A 1-eA bd. On L.a[J-EeO� see no. 5 8 and A .A .E.S. III 4 2 7 .

2 7 6 . TOMB. 2 2 3 A . D . Lintel found i n the rums o f a tomb outside the west wall of the city, a short distance north of the west gate ; see Div . I I . A. 3 , p. 208. Length 83 cm. ; height 3 2 cm . Height of letters 3 1/2-6 cm .

I-\ A C E X vu O YA E 1\ 0 V T O f-1 N H )"{ E. I O N 8 A N o N T I E T K r o V A E 1\ O C PA O Y A o V n A I H P E TTO I H C E N E T P I H

Inser. 276. Seale I : 1 0.

MaO"EX1l OuaEAOU 1:"0 [J-vY)[J-Eiov, eay-6vn d'r(�v) x,,/'. OuaEAo� Paouaou 1ta1:"�p E1tO{y)ueY Er( E�) p�Y)' •

For Masik, (son) of Wa'z'l, who died (aged) 23 years, (this is) the lnemorial. Wa'il, (son) of Rawatz. (his) father, built (z't) in (the) year II8 . (2 2 3 A.D.) .

The name OuaEAO� occurs also in Wad. 2496 , and in an inscription from cAbde, published by Musil in Anz. d. phil. · hist. I(l. d. Wiener Akad. 1 907 , p. 1 40 ; it has been restored in V.A .S. p. 1 9 7 , no . 8 1 . Paou(;,(o� has hitherto been known only from a stone from it-Taiyibeh, published by Germer-Durand, Bull. arch. d�t Comiti des Trav. hist. et scient. 1 904, p . 40, no. 7 6 , but it was a common name at Umm idj -Dj imal ; see nos. 3 3 7 , 34 1 ; 3 84 , 4 1 61. It was also the name of one of the local tribes, see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs . no . 4 3 . The name is thus definitely established, and the correctness of the assumption of Lidzbarski (Epk. III , p . 90) that it is to be read in certain other Syrian inscriptions is thereby proved . Accordingly in M.N.D.P.- V. 1 899 , p. 84, no . 43 = P.A. III, p . 2 0 2 , A E � A N � P O Y P A O Y A should be read ' Al)\E�dv�pou PaQua[ou, not P(;,(ou [�ou< ; in Wad. 2006 P A 0 Y � E should be PaouaE (the name seems to occur again in 1. 3) ; and in Wad. 1 9 70 P A . . � O Y is to be read as Pa[ou] (a)o,) , not Pa[[J-a]O'ou as restored by ' Waddington, or Pa[ou]�ou as by Brlinnow, P.A . III, p. 3 36 .

2 7 7 . TOMB. Lintel of a tomb outside the southeast corner of the city, beyond the tomb where no . 2 74 was found. Length 1 .48 m . ; height 3 1 cm . The surface is badly weathered and covered with lichen , and some of the letters are scarcely legible. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

U mm idj -Dj imal.

Mf\' H //\ I O N C ) VI\/j A/v\ c5f!�f> A 1/ C o y 0 I\J t- n Y H ( 0 I\J (A 6 f :; �

Inser. 2 7 7. Seale I : 20.

l\lv�p.!ov Ou(a)�aAA-o [u ] Au(]ou

' 8v drrtn)(]eV 1aO'eAO:;.

( The) memorial of Wahballah, (son) of Aus, which Sacd'el made.

1 5 9

On the spelling of irru�(]e') compare the substituting of u for o� in nos. 1 5 8 and 1 59 . The form ov i s a natural blunder. ladeAO:; occurs in the form 1aO'(e)tAO; in no . 390, and as 1-aaO'y}AOs in an inscription from Mitrahineh in Egypt ; see Catalogue general des Antiquites egypt£ennes du Musee du Caire, Greek Inscrs. , by ]. G. Milne (Oxford , 1 905) , p . 3 5 , and Lidzbarski, Eph. II, p . 3 39 . The analogous form 1-aO'tAaeO; is found in M.S.M. p . 2 39 , no . 3 .

2 7 8 . TOMB . Lintel found lying in front of a tomb situated outside the east wall of the city about 400 metres from the gate through which runs the conduit of the Ron1an reservoir (the so-called " Tomb no . 1 2 ") . Length I . S 2 m. ; height 2 7 cm . Height of letters 7-81/2 cm .

I 't NAc E P O C H E IA P OY

E TTO J H C E N E A Y T w lnser. 2 78. Seale I : 20.

" r -ercOt"f}ueV eau!lfJ·

For NaGcpo; see no . 1 2 2 ; the Arabic form is ]/asr, or perhaps Na�ir, as 111 Div. IV. Nab . lnscrs. no . 98 . M{1apo; is a Greek name.

2 79 . TOMB. Lintel of a tomb northwest of the city, on the western side of the wadi (the so-called " Tomb no . 1 9") ; see Div. I I . A . 3 , p . 207 . The interior is l ined with loculi , and the tomb was the final resting-place of a number of people, whose names are recorded in nos. 2 80-2 8 3 . Length of the lintel 1 . 40 m . ; height 3 6 cm . Length of the inscription 7 5 1/2 cm. ; height 1 7 1/2 cm. Height of letters 7 1/4-73/4 cm. The letters are well cut and rather ornamental .

Schumacher, Z.D.P.- V. xx ( r897), p. r 59 ; Dussaud and Mader, MS.M. p. 28r, no. 1 22.

C A P E 1L.o CAOYE I � OY E noH CEN lnser. 2 79. Seale I : 20.

1-�petO'O:; AOUetO'o'/J ircoy}ucv .

For the names see no . 2 3 9 . The two inscriptions In all probability refer to the same person.

2 80 . BLOCK. From the same tomb. It is in the wall over the loculus that is directly opposite the entrance." Length 9 51/2 cm. ; height 24 cm. Height of letters 2 3/4-31/2 cm . The letters contain red coloring-matter.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M p. 282, no. I 23 .


PA ll N A 8H C APE l fl O Y · tT WN o�L1 J-\H N uJN B � 8APC E LHHTJ-JP o Y{). f lC A8A NATO(CA PE 1 6 O C YIO Cf. TTOHCA

Inscr. 280. Scale I : 1 0 .

Pa�1)ae� 2.ape��01), s-r(31) p.�' � P,.' r.::.. I / ' J\ ' p.1)1)uW t"' . �Ct.p(J'e� p."Ij'r�p, OU(} e'S;

ded.1)a'ros . 2.apet�OS; u ios; Errt�(J'a.

Radnat, (daughter) of Sharzd, (aged) 44 years, 2 months. Be of good cheer, 111,0ther, no one (is) immortal. I, sharzd, (her) son , had (it) made.

The woman here commemorated is almost certainly the mother of the owner of the tomb (see no. 2 79) ; the execution of the letters and the orthography of Err6�aa. indicate that the two inscriptions are the work of the same hand . The name Pa�1)ae� IS found in the form Pa�1)a in no . 2 9 1 ; see also pOO'�1)ae� in no . 7 6 and PO�e1)a In no. 5 1 6 .

2 8 1 , 2 8 2 . BLOCKS. From the same tomb. They are built into the wall over loculi opposite the entrance, no. 2 8 2 being over no. 2 80. Length of no. 2 8 1 : 97 cm . ; length o f inscription 8 2 1/2 cm. Length o f no. 2 8 2 : 9 5 cm. ; length of inscription : 79 cm . Height 45 cm. The letters are not carved on the stone, but merely painted with red . Many are very indistinct . Height of letters 5-9 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, MS.M p . 282, nos. 1 24 and 1 2 5 .

\\ Inscr. 28 I 1 282. Scale I : 20.

2.ep.ae� ea[!,u.ou] , Ae01)'rfS; [e]at [p.]ou , • AAE�a.1)�pOS; Baaou , Boa��ae� Ba�(J'ou, Ae01)'t'iS; Ba(J'ou . ed.p(J'!, ouO'eiS airri "I [�] ded.1)a'ros;.

M M. Dussaud and Mader did not succeed in deciphering line 1 or the second portions of lines 2 and 4.

The name 2.c,u.a.e" occurs also in an inscription from Derca, Ant. J. P hit. V I ( 1 8 8 5 ) , p. 205 , no . 3 2 . It is probably not related to 2.a.p.eeos, Arabic Sham it, (see no . 5 8) . I n this medley of Greek and Semitic names Ba(J'(J'os (Ba(J'os) may represent either the Arabic Bas' (or Ba's) or Roman Bassus. We know of no other instance of the name Boa!aae� ; it represents an Arabic equivalent Bu'aisat. The reading of the formula at the end of the inscription is doubtful . Perhaps A rrr should be read, and divided as ant ; in that case, we should read the hasta as I and suppose that the right upright stroke of the H has been obliterated. However, aini is an easier error for In[ than is dn{, and we n1ay suppose that the entire H , which was at the end of the block, has disappeared. The formula QUO'eis; 8n! "I"fJS ded.1)a'ros is found in no . 1 04 .

2 8 3 . BLOCK. From the same tomb. It is over a loculus in the wall at the left of the entrance. Length 9 5 cm . ; height 45 cm. The letters are not carved, but painted in red like those in nos . 2 8 1 and 2 8 2 . Height of the letters 7-91/2 cm.

Umm idj -Djimal

A If it�\ rt{l � � ® � rA ' � � A lS


1 6 1

AtpYi (Arabic )A{r) occurs in n o . 4 7 9 , i n Wad . 2434, i n V.A .S. p . 1 5 6 , no. 2 2 = Burton and Drake, Unexplored Syria (London, 1 8 7 2) , II , p . 3 8 6 , no. I I I , and in M.N.D.P.- V. 1 899 , p. 86 , no. 5 2 = P.A. Ill, p. 204, no. 1 7 . It probably means " ring" ; see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs. no . 5 8 .

2 84 . BLOCK. Found in the southeastern part of the city in front of a door close to the north portal of the so-called " Double Church" (see no. 2 6 3) . No. 4 1 5 was found near by. Length 68 cm. ; height 30 cm . The inscription is on a raised dovetailed plate . Length of the plate 48 cm . ; height 2 5 cm. Height of letters 2-31/2 cm .

Waddington, no. 2061 .

A Y ( 0 ( l A J\O D 0 Y B-B TT O,AEf.{H C A C A N H P E e H fTwN I\ E C A 4E e 0 C A 6. E I' cpoCKATE /<E O YA (A A C E M oc I K o� o ,u.. H C A


A ?JQ'O; IaAod'ov �� . ) / , no .cp.'liQ'a; tX'J'(lP-

'e ' - .... I '" c Y] EtW'J AC . �a(l.E-eo; dd'cArpo; XatEQ'xcouaQ'a. AQ'EP.O; 0-lxod'6p.YJ(ja.

Aus, (son) of Yakhlud, ��. , having served in the 'war, died (aged) 35 years. I, Sktt1nit, (his) brother, had ('it) constructed. I, cA�im, built ('it) .

The interpretation of the letters ��. is a much discussed problem . The abbreviation is found, as far as we know, in ten other inscriptions : nos. 343 and 344 (Dmm idjDj imal) ; nos . 5 94, 5 99 , 600 (Bo-?ra) ; Wad. 2 2 9 3 , Ewing, P.E.F. 1 895 , p . 2 7 6 , no . 1 5 1 , M.S.M. p . 2 50 , no . 2 7 , also to be published in Part 5 (il-Kefr) ; M.S.M. p. 2 5 6 , no . 46 (Qai-?ama) ; C.I. G. 454 1 = Wad. 2 5 3 7b = Sejourne, R .B. VII ( 1 898) , p . 9 7 (Bra�) . I t i s used i n connection with Roman , Greek, and Semitic names. No explanation was attempted by Vv1 addington beyond the observation that the abbreviation has no connection with the � . or d'{; common in Asiatic inscriptions. Dussaud and Mader suggested �(c,vAWta{) (M.S.M. p. 2 5 0) , but at the same time admitted that such a restoration was highly improbable i n the case of two inscriptions (\iVad. 2 2 9 3 and M.S.M. no. 46) , where the letters are found after the name of a single individual without a patronymic. For the same reason it is impossible to restore ben ejicia r ii, as in C.I.L. III 67 54. The most recent suggestion is that of Clermont-Ganneau , to read �(c)�(OVAWX�;), 'ex-decurio' ; see R.A .0. VII ( 1 906) , p. 3 8 8 . However, i n the time of the Empire the members of the �ovAa{ of the eastern cities were not chosen each year, but ordinarily had life tenure , like the Roman senators and the decuriones of the Italian communities ; see Liebenam, ROln . Stiidteverw. p. 2 3 5 f. and P. - W. I I I , 1 03 6 . Accordingly, the title of �OvAWt�;, when once obtained, would be held permanently, and any such


designation as �c�O'JAWX�; would be incorrect. This is borne out by an inscription from Lyons (I. G. XIV 2 5 3 2 ), where the person honored, one ea�p'o; 0 xat 'louAtavou !aaO'ou, a citizen of cA t11 near I).:anawat, who had emigrated from his native land and established himself in business in Gaul, is still described as �Q'JAW"C�; �1COAi["C] [}7; "Cc Kavc,)8a{ [c,)]v i [rd] !up{}7�.

In attempting to solve the problem of the meaning of the letters ��, it must be noted that the instances i n which the abbreviation occurs, are confined to Southern Syria and Arabia, and furthermore, with the exception of the stone from Bra�, come from the region around Bo-?ra , or from the city itself. Accordingly , we are inclined to believe that these letters stand for �O'JAW"C�; Bo(Ttp}7vcJv (or BO(Hp}7v6�), and suppose that the decurions of the provincial capital , which was also a Roman colony, enjoyed such prestige that the title was recognised throughout the province, and that even its abbreviation was readily und�rstood in this region, like V. C. throughout the Empire. The title occurs in unabbreviated form as follows : �[O'JAW]"C� Bocnpy;v(0), no . 548 (Bo-?ra) ; �OUAW"C�; BO(HP1iVG;, Wad. 2 302 (Raha) ; �O'JAW"CY;� [ltai np6�O'po�] n6A�W; B6 [O'rpa;] , Wad. I 984a (Uyun) . It is noteworthy that of these three inscriptions, two are not from Bo-?ra itelf, but from towns in the Djebel I:Iauran , in the immediate neighborhood of iI-Kefr, where three of the stones that bear the abbreviation �� were found ; the title was evidently a well recognised one in the region around Bo-?ra.

The problem is further complicated by the words which in three of the inscriptions accompany the letters ��. Nos. 343 and 344 read �� "CiiJY np�'t'J)v , and on one of the stones from il-Kefr (M.S.M. p . 2 50, no . 2 7) , the copies of MM . Dussaud and Macler and of Littmann show the reading B B A IT 0 IT IT T W N . In the first two inscriptions, -rcJv np�-rwv may perhaps be understood as a general term, designating the deceased as one of the most important men of the city ; see Liebenam, Rom. Stiidteverw. p. 2 94 f. On the other hand, if the restoration suggested above is the correct one, rc.)v np�r(,)v would refer to one of the councillors who headed the album, in other words, quz"prz"mz"s honorZ"bus f�tnctz" sunt ; for in the provincial �o".JA(d the roster was formed with reference to official precedence, and the principles of this precedence were fixed by law ; see Dz"gest. L. 3 , 1 -2 and Liebenam, p. 2 30 f. This same system was, of course, observed in the Roman Senate, and our theory seems to receive son1e slight confirmation from the fact that Q . Petilius Cerialis is referred to by Cassius Dio (LXV 1 8 , I ) as �O'JAW"C�; -rwv npC:J't'wv . It is true that the expression may not be used here in a technical sense, but the term at least indicates that Cerialis was one of those senators whose names headed the list, and this we suppose to be its significance also in these two inscriptions from Bo-?ra. I n the inscription from il-Kefr the difficulty is increased by the uncertainty of the meaning of dna n1t1:wv . MM. Dussaud and Macler suggested that this was to be read ano n(w)r&v , or dnQ n(pat)n(o(n)rwv . The former solution is rendered impossible by the fact that Littmann 's copy of the inscription shows that the letters IT IT are unquestionably on the stone. The latter explanation is not certain , owing to the fact that the letters n 1t are the common abbreviation for np!p.mtAd.pw£ ; and this. of course, cannot be restored here on account of the ending -I:WV. However, in Latin inscriptions ex pp. is used occasionally as an abbreviation fo� ex praeposz"lis (see no. 2 3 6) , and we are therefore inclined to read dnQ n(pat)n(oO'i)I:wv here. If this restoration be correct, the stone from il·Kefr presents a close analogy to the inscription from U mm idj-Djimal , for in both the office indicated by �� was held by a man who had served in the army.

Umm idj -Dj imal - Stelae

2 85 . BLOCK. On a stone built into the north wall of the so-called " Church of Julianus"; see no. 2 3 6. The block is near the eastern end of the wall and close to the ground . Length 1 . 1 6 m . ; height 38 cm. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 4-5 1/2 cm.

f N TA 8 A f< I T E I A /\ O v6 0 ( ( ) T { / / ' /\ 0 Y E: T LA.) 1\\

-

)\\ A -

Inscr. 2 8 5 . Scale I : 20.

'Ev't'i$cz xi''t'e ICZAOlJd'o� �h[ CZt]00lJ it�'Y

I 'YCZ •

IaAolJd'o� is the same as IaAod'o� , A rabic Yakhlud, which occurs i n several of our inscriptions, e .g. nos . 1 9 , 80, 2 84. The second name is uncertain. It may be for Oea�p.o�, the Arabic equivalent of which would be lfutaint or Hutaim, but we know of no other example of this name in Greek ' i nscriptions.

c A cp P 0 ( 1 1 0 Y � T

b


M AA p o C N OT E poY ET I<B

Inscr. 2 8 7 . Scale I : 20.

STELAE.

hAC f: X 0 Y E T

Inscl" 288. Scale I : 20.

A z � A N H I AI\ E c o v E T I (



2 8 6. STELE. Found in the courtyard of a house situated west of the . so-called " Barracks". Height 691/2 cm . ; width 201/2-2 2 1/2 cm. The face is half finished. Height

of letters 5 1/2-71/2 cm .

2.(l(ppO� hOlJ E't'( (')'Y) d" •

i . e . Sqfr, (son) of cl( (?) .

We have found no other exam ple of the name 2.(J.(ppo� in this form . However, it IS akin to 2.CZq;EpO�, which occurs in n o . 1 8 8 , and may be identical with it.

2 8 7 . STELE. Found In the same courtyard . Height 7 2 cm . ; width at base 30 cm . , at top 2 5 cm . The face is half finished . Height of letters 5 1/2- 1 0 cm.

Maczpo£ N O!EPOlJ dr( �)'Y X�/ . 1. e. MaCar(?), (son) of Nu(hair.

Publications of th e Princeton U niversity Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pt. 3. 22


The name Maapo; does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions. Nonpo; is found also in nos. 89 and 340 ; the form No-rtpo; occurs in no. 307 . In no . 3 7 7 and in Wad. 2 5 3 7b we find respectively the kindred names No-rapo; and Na-rapo;. Other related names are cited by Clermont-Ganneau, R.A . O. II ( 1 898) , p. 66 f.

2 8 8 . STELE . Found in a courtyard adjoining that in which nos . 2 8 6 and 287 were found. Height 1 . 2 3 m . ; width 28 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished ; the lower part is rough. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

Aoutd'� MaO'eXou i-c{ rov) ve'. 1. e. cAwzdh, (daughter) of Masik.

AoUtd'� IS the feminine form of the comnlon name A outd'os or AOUEtd'o;.

2 89 . STELE. Found in the same courtyard as no . 2 8 8 . Height 1 . 1 01/2 m. ; width 3 2-3 3 cm. The upper . part of the face is fairly well finished ; the lower part is rough . The rows of letters are separated by incised l ines. Height of letters 5-81/'2 cm.

A�fLa'J� r(l.A€O'QU i-r(�v) t�/. l . e. Asman(?) , (daughter) of Galz's.

A�fLay� is perhaps the same as AO'fLa'J� in no . 6 3 . raAEO'o; occurs In Wad. 204 1 , 204 2 , 2043 , and i n our no . 3 60 .

2 90. STELE. Found in the same courtyard as nos . 2 8 8 and 2 89 . Height 5 8-67 cm . ; width at base 2 5 cm. , at top 1 9 cm . The face i s rough. Height o f letters 7 1/2- 1 I cm .

A�t�(l.e� (€troy) �/ . . On A�t�ae�, .Arabic f:/abzbat, see no . I 1 9 ; it occurs also In no . 4 2 7 .

I N a

~ C A )"{

N A A e O Y E T >--{

Inser. 2 9 1 . Inser. 292. Scale I : 20. Seale I : 20.

A N E A 8 0 C E ToY


A (jJ P E A 8 H C A


Inser. 295 . Seale I : 20'

2 9 1 . STELE. Found in a small room south of the courtyard in which nos. 2 88-2 90 were found. Height 39-40 cm. ; width 2 7 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 81/,}.- I O cm.

Pad'va Aywu. 1. e . Radna, (daughter) of Hanz' j .

Pad'vo:: is akin to p(l.d'V(l.e� ; see no. 2 80 . Ayw; is usually found in the form AYEO; ; for examples of the name i n Nabataean see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs. no. 46.

Umm idj-Dj imil

2 9 2 . STELE . Found in the same room. Height 5 3-54 cm. ; width 2 7-2 8 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

I vos L.rx.p.c$ou d-r( �v) f1.�'. 1. e. cln, (son) of Sha1nit.

2 9 3 . STELE. In a house situated southwest of the so-called " Barracks" and designated on the map as " House no. I" . south side . Height 50 cm. ; width 3 5 cm. letters 91r�- I 2 cm.

The stone was found in the debris on the The face is fairly well finished. Height of

$ " , AVEO: o� erous rt · Ave'Y.$oS, Arabic Hani':>at, seems to be new in Greek inscriptions. It is a derivative,

with hypocoristic meaning, of the common Avcos or Avw; (Hani':» .

2 94. STELE. Found in the same house. The stone is now used as a corbel in the second story of the south room. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 5 8 cm . ; width 3 6 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The ends of the last two lines are concealed by a cross-slab . Height of letters 8 1/2- 1 0 cm.

MopcaGy} L.O:Xxo [u lou . 1. e. M�trai)'at, (daughter) of Shakkulf.

Mopca$y} occurs also in no. 3 2 8 and the kindred name Mopca, Arabic Murai':> a , in no. 4 I S ; it is the diminutive of Map�a$Y} (Mari ) at) , found in no. 405 . L.aXXouos is found In nos. 3 3 1 , 345 , 439 , and in the form "J-axouos in no. 5 2 1 .

2 9 5 . STELE. Found in the same house, on the top of a wall . The base is concealed by the wall . I-Ieight of the inscribed portion 5 8 cm. ; width 29 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 7 1/2- I 1 cm .

Inser. 296. Scale I : 20 .

) [IlouA�avos A��a)\ou [il't'&>y) x'. 1. e. Jul£anus, (son) of CAbdallah.

Inser. 297. Scale I : 20. Inser. 298. Scale I : 20.

A AA C A GO C (A lA 6 O y E T g



r 66 Division III Section A Part 3

2 96 . STELE. Found in the courtyard of the same house . The stone was once used as a lintel and the left half of the face has been cut away. Height 1 . 1 3- 1 . 1 5 m. ; width 3 6 cm. The face is smooth . The top was originally rounded. Above the inscription is a conventional wreath. The rows of letters are sep�rated by incised lines. Height of letters 4-8 cm.

There are several possible restorations for the first name, e.g. Mopcaf)� , nos. 2 94 and 3 2 8 ; Naacae� , Wad. 2 2 30 ; KO�eaeYJ , nos. 500 and S O L

2 9 7 . BLOCK. O n a stone built into the city-wall near the southwest angle. Length 9 2 cm. ; height 34 cm. The face is rough. The letters are roughly scratched on the face of the stone. Height of letters 81/2- 1 0 cm.

2":wu 0:0' 0;.

The Arabic equivalent is Sawizd. The name is also found in nos. 45 7 , 48 I , 5 1 9, and in the feminine 2":wu(XO'a in Wad. 2 509 . The form 2":aouaO'o; occurs in Wad. 2 2 36, and is probably to be read in no. 5 2 2 ; and even the form 2":o:uoaO'o; is found m no . 462 .

2 98 . STELE. Found i n the open space north of the so-called " Southwest Church"; see Div. 111 . A . 3, p . 1 8 3 . Height 9 2 cm . ; width 2 7-2 9 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of lette'rs 7- 1 3 cm.

�eOU� ]po;(?) �0X(01) .

�ox.o£" Arabic Dhau�, IS new in Greek inscriptions.

2 99 . STELE. Found in the street which runs north from the " Southwest Church". The stone lay in front of the entrance to the courtyard of a house fronting on the street . Height 1 . 1 0 m . ; width 3 3-34 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

AAaao:eO; 2a�0:0'01) h( &v) fL'. 1. e. Khalafat, (son) of �az'yad.

A 'Ao:aaeo; occurs also in nos. 3 1 3 and 406, and in \\lad. 2042 and 2047 . The presence of the name 2.o:�aO'o; in this inscription suggests that we emend C A I A ll 8 , Fossey, B . e. H. XXI ( 1 8 9 7) , p. 4 1 , no . 8 , to C A I A ll Q[C . We have found no other instance of the name in Greek inscriptions.

300. STELE. width 2 6-30 cm .

Lying in debris, a few yards north of no. 2 99 . The face is rough. Height of letters 71/2-81/2 cn1.

edpac, Xi'Aov, ir(wv) uY..' .

Height 1 . 2 3 m . :

The name I S the common Greek XctACJV o r XiA�V, found also m no. 4 1 8 .

A K � A 8 H C A P E 6 0 "( E i \( �

Inser. 30 1 . Scale I : 20.

Umm idj -Dj imal

A

B

Jnser. 302. Inser. 303. Scale I : 20. Scale 1 : 20.

AAAY c a c

A(J j X � X Oy


rag O I\ A 8 H g O A E

g OY E.TA r

Inser. 305 -Scale I : 20.

30 1 . STELE. Found in debris west of no. 2 99 . Height I . 3 6 m . ; width 3 I cm. The upper part of the face is . fairly well finished, the lower part is rough . Height of letters 7-9 cm. (8 I I cm.) .

A xpa�Y] zapecJou &1:'(6)11) x�' . , i. e. cA�rab, (daughter) of SharZ"d.

A xpa�Y] is found also in no. 430, the masculine Axpa�o; in nos. 4 1 I , 4 26 , 442 , 47 I . The lengthened form Axpa�avY]; occurs in Wad. 2 1 1 5 , 2 1 43 , 2 1 5 I . In Dussaud and Macler, M.S.M. p. 2 98 , no. 1 7 5 Axpa�Y] is the name of a p.Y]!poxwp.{a (modern cA�raba). LapecJo; is Sharid ; cf. also Sharld in no . 2 3 9 .

302 . STELE. Found not far from no . 2 99 , in a house in the western part of the city near the west wall . The lower portion of the slab has been broken off. Height at right edge 5 2 cm . , at left 43 cm . ; width 2 6 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 8- I I cm.

Kaefl.a; OuaAa • . • • 1 . e. !f1lz"ma(?) , (son) oj WaCZa(?) .

Kaep.a; is derived from the same root as Kae�p.o;, no. 6 5 , and Ka�ap.o; (.l!az"ya1n). OuaAa , if the name be complete, is akin to OvaAaeO; ( WaClat) ., VA .S. p. 1 94, no. 7 5 ; cf. M.S.M p . 2 9 3 . We might . well restore OuaAa[eOU] .

303 . STELE. Found near a house situated a little south of the West Gate of the city, on a street leading toward the so-called " Southwest Church" . The stele is broken into ' two parts which were found close together in the street. Height of frg. A 3 8-39 cm. ; height of frg. B 5 4 cm. ; width of stele 1 91/2-2 3 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 61/2-7 cm ( 1 0 cm.) .

�aw[;] AqnAav [o]u [i]1:'(tI» v) p.s' . 1 . e. Sha;'\ (son) ; f f:/afilan (?) .

We have found no other instance of Acp�AavY]; i n Greek inscriptions, but the shorter form Acp�AAa occurs in no. 464.

304. STELE. Found in the same courtyard as no . 2 3 7 . Height at right edge 7o cm. , at left 5 5 cm. ; width 2 6 cm . The face is half finished. Height of letters 7-81/2 cm .

AAaU(]O; [O]xcaxou ir(�v) t . 1. e. A l- 'Aus (son) of C Ukaik.

We have found no other example of either name in Greek inscriptions. But Auao;, i .e . :> Aus, without the Arabic article al-, occurs quite frequently.

305 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the second story of the house in the courtyard of which nos. 2 3 7 and 304 were found. The stone is in the north room. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 99 cm. ; width 2 71/2 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 61/2-81/2 cm.

r0(1.0Aa(jy} MOAEP.OU i-r( �v) A /. 1 . e. GUlnulat, (daughter) of Mu/flim.

The form rOP.oAaey} is found also in nos. 346 and 380, rOP.oAAaey} In no . 3 63 . On MOAE(1.0; see no . 70.

PA l o c

I( T \ 1 0'1':


Inscr. 306 1 . Scale I : 20.

N O T? p o Y.t4 A C E X o v

;"' z Inscr. 307.

Scale I : 20.

A V [7 H P A C A

�:t/6;?YT';};;' Inscr. 308.

Scale I : 20.

TJ\ I B A 8 \-\ ITI<

Inscr. 309. Scale I : 20 •

. 306 . STELE. Built into the wall of the same hous�, in the second story. Height

44 cm. ; width 2 5 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 7-8 cm .

OpatAO; ['Alx't'aiou . L e.

' Wuraz'l, (son) of ActaeZ:ts. In an inscription reading Avap.o� OpatAOU , copied by Savignac and Abel at Kharaba

(see R.B. II ( 1 905) , p. 603 , no. I S ) , Clermont-Ganneau (R.A. O. VII ( 1 906) , p. 1 8 1 ) proposed to read Avap.o; [L]opatAOU , suggesting a like correction of \Vad. 2 203d = Wetz. no. I S U1tEp (]w't'Y}p{a� OpatAou . The name LOpatAO� occurs in Wad. 2 I 8 I .

Our stele establishes the name OpatAO;, as there can be no reasonable doubt that only half of the first letter in each line is wanting. The name should, therefore, be kept in Wad. 2 203d, and might reasonably be retained in the stone at Khqraba, althou�h the space between the two names suggests the possibility that a letter has been omitted . The Semitic forms of OpatAO; are well established ; see Lidzbarski , Epk. II , p. 3 3 5 . OpaAo; , of which this name is a diminutive, occurs in no. 460.

3061. STELE. Found lying on the ground in the open space outside the house

U mm idj-Dj imal

where nos. 304-306 were found. Height 7 2 cm. ; width 2 2 cm. The top has been broken off. The face is rough. Height of letters 61/2- 1 0 cmo Copied by Mr. Magie in 1 9°9 .

�E]��Po.: 2.wunpou E-r(m�) fl. 307 . STELE. Used as a corbel i n the group of buildings south of the house in

which nos. 305 and 306 were found. Height from the wall to the top of the stele 5 3 cm. ; width 30 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 41/2-8 cm .

N onpou Mo.:aEXou (E-rwv) A�'. 1 . e. Nuthaz'r, (son) 0/ Masz'k.

On Nonpo; see no. 2 8 7 .

308 . STELE. Used as a corbel i n the same house. Height from the wall to the top of the stele 3 5 cm. ; width at top 34 cm. The face is rough. The rows of letters are separated by incised l ines. Height of letters 41/2-8 cm.

Auay) Paaa[ ouaeou (?) . . . . 1 . e. Aud, (daughter) 0/ Ra{wat(?) .

The exact restoration of the patronymic is uncerta.in ; it is probably to be read as P(laa[ovaeou , a name which occurs in several inscriptions ; see no. 448 . However, perhaps PlXaoulX is to be read, as in no . 3 6 1 .

309 . STELE. U sed as a corbel i n the same house. Height 1 . 1 4 m . ; width 30 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished ; the lower part is rough. Height of letters in 1. 2, 1 7 cm. ; in the other l ines 8- 1 0 em.

TAf�(l.e� i-r( mv ) x' .

This name as here read would be the equivalent of the Arabic T(e)lzbat, which does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions. Probably, however, we should restore Tat�aeY), found in Wad. 2 2 3 I .

M A f'J I( / A N D C E TO B

lnser. 3 1 0. Scale 1 : 20.

c E. o YH PO CAAE � A N� P O YE T

/\ D Inser. 3 1 I .

Seale 1 : 20.

M E !\ H M A P I< I A N ay ET kr

lnser. 3 1 2 . Seale 1 : 20.

A /\A C A e

o c E T

N Inser. 3 1 3.

Seale I : 20.

O l\ f. C O ( 2. A B o y� a C E T � E

lnser. 3 1 4. Seale 1 : 20.

3 1 0 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in the same house. Height 1 . 20 m . ;

width 2 9 cm. Height of inscribed portion 3 8 cm. The upper part of the face IS well finished ; the lower part is rough. Height of letters 6-81/c� cm.

lVI(lpx�(Z'Jcs dr( wv) o�'.

3 I I . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same house. Height from the wall to the top of the stele 5 5 cm. ; width 34 cm. The face is well finished . Height of letters 63/4-71/2 cm.

2.wvr;pos 'AAESaV�pov ir(wv) A�'.

3 I 2 . STELE. Used a s a step i n the stairway o n the south side o f the same house. The stone projects outwards from the wall of the house . Height from the wall to the top of the stele 80 cm. ; width 2 4 cm. The face is fairly well finished . The top is rounded. Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cm.

MeA),} M(ZpxtO�vou ir( wv) x:{.

MeA)'} is probably the equivalent of the Arabic Mz'l/f, N abataean 'r1��. The Greek form does not seem to occur elsewhere.

3 I 3 . STELE. Found near a house situated on the eastern side of the street which leads from the West Gate to the so-called " Praetorium". The stele lies in the pavement at the west side of the house. Height 50 cm. ; width 2 91/2 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of the ' letters in 11. 1 -4, 6-71/2 cm. ; of N in 1. 5 , 1 0 cm.

. A A(Zv(ZeOs �r( wv) v' . On A A (/.v(ZeOt;, Arabic Khalafat, see no . 299 .

3 1 4· STELE. In the pavement a t the west side of the same house, and near no . 3 I 3 . Height 761/2 cm. ; width 2 81/2 cm . The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 5 1/4-7 cm.

OAevOS Z(Z�ov�os Er( wv) Se'. i. e. Khztlaz'�, (son of) Zabud.

The form nAevOS occurs in no. 8 I , and the kindred name OA(zvOS In no. 443 , but OAevQ<; is not found elsewhere. On Z(Z�ov�os see no. 1 2 9 .

J A TOY P O ( O T

A S T H e o c o YET

W g Inser. 3 1 5 . Inser. 3 1 6. Inser. 3 1 7. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

(9 A B � E

Inser. 3 1 8. Scale 1 : 20.

A I OP A BA I A� lA /\ ( A rO M � c-

Inser. 3 1 9. Scale 1 : 20.

Umm idj -Dj" ir:na1 1 7 1

3 I S · STELE . U sed as a corbel i n the north room of the same house. The top was rou n ded, but the rou n d end has been alm ost entirely broken off. The space containing the letters is separated from the rest of the face by incised lines above and below the in scription . Above th is space is a con ventional wreath . Height of the space 4 1 1/2 c m . ; width 2 6-2 9 cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cm.

2,{P.a. 2,ap.EeO; .

2,('[1.a. is known as the name of a goddess whose cult has been shown to have existed in Syria ; see P. Ronzevalle, R.A. II ( 1 903) , p. 2 9 f. ; Clermont- Gan neau, R.A . D. VI ( 1 905) , p. 3 5 f. It seems p robable that the dead woman bore this Semitic name, although it is possible that 2,{fLa is a form of the Greek proper name 2:,{p.Y} , which occurs, for example, in the well-kn own wall-inscripti on from Tell Sandahann a n ear Beit Djibrll1 ; see Clerm ont-Ganneau , R.A. O. IV ( 1 90 1 ) , p. 2 3 8 ; W . Cronert, Rhez'n. Mus. LXIV ( 1 909) , p. 447 . On the other hand, },!(1.a may also be the A rabic nalne Shzma.

3 1 6 . STELE. Found in the · same house, l ying face downward over a corbel . Height 68 cm . ; width 3 9 cm . The stele was wedged in so firmly that i t could not be removed, and some of th e letters i n the third l ine were concealed by the corbel ; th e letters i n the adjacent l ines could be read only by looking i n between the slab and the corbel . The face is fai rly well fin ished. H eight of letters 71/2-91/2 cm.

Iaroupo; [Ou )a�ou irc;jy 0'. 1 . e. Yatur, (son) of ·Wahb.

The name Ia-roupo;, hith erto not known in Greek inscnptIOns , occurs on several stelae from Dmm idj-Dj imal ; see nos . 3 7 1 , 3 7 7 , 3 8 9 , 4 29 , 467 , 489 , On Uua�o; see n o . 1 00.

3 1 7 · STELE. Foun d in th e same h ouse, lying on the grou n d i n the north room, under no. 3 I S . H eight 64 cm . ; width 2 8 1/2 cm . The top is rounded . The face is half finished. The letters are n ot regularly carved , but merely scratched on the face of the stone. Height of the letters 9- 1 0 cm .

Orry} (irG)Y) p.'.

Orry} may be a ren dering of the A rabic f:lu�! ; the Greek fornl does not occur elsewhere .

3 I 8 . STELE. Foun d in the same house. The or.iginal stele was cut down through the middle vertically, and only the left half could be found. This half is used as a door-sill in the second story of the house, i n the north roo m. Height of the visible portion 82 cm . ; width of the slab 1 5 ]/2 cm . The face is fairly well finished . Height of the letters 7 1/'),-9 cm .

ea[�[1.] a.A[a; A ]�d[ou] c'r(�Y) . . 1 .

·e . Taz'mallah , (son) of CAbd.

The form ea.�p.aA)\a.; is · found i n no . 204 = M S.M. p . 2 7 3 , no. 9 5 , and 8Ep.a.AAa; in no. 45 6, C.I. G. 4636 and 463 7 == Wad . 2020. 8atp.y}Ao;, a similar compound, occurs in Wad . 2054 , and eip.EA),a; is given as the name of an A rabic chieftain in Strab. XVI, p. 7 5 3 . ea!p.o; also occurs as one o f the elements of another theophoric name ea!p.o�ouO'apY}; ; see no. 508 .

Publications o f the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A . Pte 3 . 2 3

172 Division I I I Section A Part 3

3 I 9· STELE. Found in the same house, lying face downwards on two corbels. The stele was wedged in so firmly that it could not be removed, and the letters could not be read with any degree of accuracy. Height about 1 . 2 5 m . ; width about 2 5 cm.

Owing to the uncertainty of the copy, we have not attempted any restoration of this inSCriptIOn . The first two l ines seem to contain Arabic words, ca O�CI.�CI.� ) i . c. )ahi /fuba;bz " alas, my beloved !"

( A M E N A B t e O ( N H o /j,A I b "2 A 8 0v OV T O N A 8 0 fj 0 y fr� r ( C A Y P f. '(.'%. ��,_�} �1�:;.?qJJ� ��«:L1�,;:"/,� �¥�,Y.;i () «,��:S:.!) Inser. 3 20• T nser. 3 2 1 . Inse!". 322 . Inse!". 3 2 3 . Seale I : 20. Inser. 324.

Seale I : 20. Seale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Seale I : 20.

3 20. STELE. Used as a step in the stairway on the west side of the courtyard of the same house. Height of the inscribed portion 54 cm. ; width 301/2 cm. The upper part of the face is half finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm. , o f y in 1. 4 , 9 cm .

2.Cl.fLceO; Za�o1)O'o1) £1'( c.)y) )q' . 1 . e . Shamz"t, (son) of Zabud.

On ZCl.�01)O'o; see no . 1 2 9 ; the name is found also in no . 3 1 4 .

3 2 I . STELE. Built into the west wall of the same house, facing the courtyard. Height 7 3 cm. i width 1 9 cm . The top is rounded. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. The rows of letters are separated by incised l ines. Height of letters 7-8 cm .

Eyy� [d] 1'(cJY) 0' . On EiJYl'], Arabic f:/z"nn, see no . 30. In 1 . 3 , E was probably written above the

line as In no. 3 20.

3 2 2 . STELE. Built into the wall of the same courtyard, and facing west . The upper part of the slab has been broken off. Height of the fragment 7 7 cm . ; width 2 5 cm. The face is fairly well , finished . Height of letters 71/2- 1 4 cm .

A�O'o1) .

3 2 3 . FRAGMENT OF LINTEL. Found built into the outside wall of the same house, and facing west . The lintel has been cut through the middle vertically, and only the left end has been preserved . Length of the fragment 3 5 cm . ; height 2 71/2 cm. The inSCriptIon is on a sunken plate within a raised dovetailed frame. Length of the extant portion of the plate 1 4 cm . ; height 1 61/2 cm . Height of letters 3-41/2 cm .

XCl.�E • • • • • • �o; x [Cl.i . • . . Y) 11)� l� Cl.U10U.

U mm idj-Dj imal 173

Chabe . . . (son of) . . . . bos and . . . . e. hz's wzje.

In line 1 Xf7.�s [w;] , Arabic Ka'abzhz', may be read.

3 2 4 . STELE . Built into the wall of a courtyard immediately west of the house and courtyard in which nos. 3 I 3-3 2 3 were found. The slab faces south . Height 65 1/2 cm . ; width 3 3 cm. The face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 61/2-71/2 cm.

Waddington (from Cyril Graham's copy) , no. 2062a.

Od'ar.Yf7.eO; Lf7.7JpOU dt( c.)v) fL' . OOatVf7.eO; A [fL]po [U] it(�v) C;-A', Graham.

Od'a�,)f7.eO;, Arabic Udhaz'nat, is a very common name. Lf7.UpO; IS probably the equivalent of the Arabic Shahur, written Laovpo; in Wad. 2 5 46 and A .A.E.S. III 3 60 = R.B. VII ( 1 898) , p. l O r . Connection with the rare Greek name 2.f7.UpO; or !f7.Vpf7.; does not seem plausible .

KAPo ( t OY H P oy

Inser. 3 2 5 . Seale I : 20.

/� o v<S .6 0 ( A C t o y


N A C 1\ 0 C A O VA � A

_ E T O H Q:�T�!J��· t- ·- ; , , _ O r -"'f J

��.�/:.�� Inser: 3 2 7 .

Scale I : 20.

8 H I<A C l A N Y E TI


I fA H N Xo Y

A


3 2 5 . STELE. In a door opening toward the west from the courtyard in which no. 3 24 was found. Height 3 1 cm. ; width 2 5 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 5-8 cm .

3 2 6 . STELE. In a courtyard not far from " House no . VI" ; see Div. I I . A. 3 , p . 204 and our no. 2 34. Height 6 2-64 cm . ; width 20 cm. The face i s fairly well finished . Height of letters 5-71/2 cm.

Aousd'o; AO'w1) . i . e. CAwzdh, (son) of CAsz.

The former name is generally spelled AouwJ'o; or Aoutd'o;. The form AO'w; we have not found elsewhere in Greek inscriptions.

3 2 7 . STELE. Built into the outer wall of a house situated south of the so-called " Praetorium" and northwest of the " Barracks" . The stone faces north . Height 89 cm. ; width a t top 30 cm. The inscribed portion of the face i s well finished . Height of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm.

1 74 Di vision III Section A Part 3

NaGAo; AOlJa�a l't(�v) or/. i . e . NasI (?) , (son) of cAwatj (?) .

Neither of these names is found elsewhere in Greek inscriptions. The Arabic word nasI means " offspring"; it is found as a proper name in Nabataean

inscriptions, but is probably to be regarded as an abbreviation for Nasl- 'el, ' offspring of God' ; see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs . no . 3 .

3 2 8 . STELE. Built into the east wall o f the same house a t the northeast corner. The stone is in the fifth course fronl the ground . Height 9 I cm . ; width 34-3 51/2 cm. The inscribed portion of the face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated

,by incised lines. Height of letters 6- I I cm.

Mope[a]eY] 1( a [G]IJ�avo0 ir(�')) t'fj'. i � �" Muraz'J at, (daughter) 'of Cassz'anus.

For MopsaeY] see no. 2 94.

3 2 9 . STELE. In the wall of the same house , facing north , i n the corner where the east wall projects. The first two lines are covered by the projecting wall ; parts of the second line, however, could be discerned beneath the stones. Height 63 cm. ; width 2 7-2 8 cm. The entire face is finished ; the lower part is slightly raised. Height of letters 9- I 0 cm .

• • • • • �a�Y] M [aA ]X01.l (?) (E-rC)v) A' .

Various restorations of the first name are possible .

,q.

A A E C A B H H P

� U

8.


0 ( ; A X x'

lnser. 3 3 1 . Scale I : 20.

N OT P I N C ZA )...{J\N

lnser. 332 . Scale I : 20.

I A /\ 15 Av/ < r tJ 0 C � D C Pn , I U 1 G E OY 8 0 y H R oY E T K ET K r �

lnser. 3 3 3. Inser. 334. Seale I : ZOo Scale I : 20.

3 30. STELE. Lying on the ground, slightly west of the same house. The stone has been broken into two pieces . Height of frg. A 3 2 cm . ; of frg. B 3 6 cm. ; width 2 7-3 2 cm. The face is fairly well finished. I-Ieight of letters 61/2-71/2 cm .

AAsaaer; HpolJ EtC 'll) fl.' . i . e. Khlilz'�at, (daughter) of Khaz'r.

AAcGaey] is akin to AASGo;, on which see no. I 1 2 . Hoo;, a form hitherto unknown I in Greek inscriptions, is found also in nos. 3 3 5 , 3 6 5 , 448 , 4 59 , 468 , 487 ; it is probably the same name as A �po; (Wad. 2 5 I I ) , which is usually written Xa�po; (Wad. 202 3 and 2 3 74 ; Lidzbarski, Eph. I, p. 3 2 9 , no . 2 3 ; II, p. 3 2 7 , no. 2 2 ; p. 3 2 9 , no. 65 ) ; see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs. no. 54 .


3 3 1 . STELE. Faund near no.. 3 30 . Height 20-2 9 cm . ; width 301/2 cm . Height of letters 71/2-8 cm .

• • . • • o� (.�:)aXXCi� [Cil)] • • • •

Far 2:aXX?l)�;, Arabic Shakkulf" see no.. 2 94.

3 3 2 . STELE . Used as a carbel in a raam adjaining the hause in which nas . 3 2 7-3 29 were faund. Height fram the wall to. the tap af the slab 5 I cm . ; width 2 3 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The raws af letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-81/2 cm .

NOl"P�V[Ci]; Zap.av [Ol) • • • •

i . e . No {hrzn, (son) of Zaman (?) .

We have faund neither of these names in Greek inscriptians.

3 3 3 . STELE. F aund in the street which leads fram the West Gate to. the sa-called " Praetarium". The stane was nat far franl no.. 3 I 3 . Height 89 cm . ; width 2 2-2 6 cm . The face is fairly well finished, but weathered . Height af letters 61/2-8 cm.

r(7.A�[a]eO� Ba�aeol) i!(�y) x:/ . i . e . Galb�t (? , ar, Yalbath) , (son) of Banat.

The first letter an the stane is nat entirely certain . Ia)\�aeo; is a passible reading . We have no. ather example of either name. Far ather instances af Ba�(7.eo; see no.. 1 2 6.

3 3 4. STELE. fairly well finished.

Faund near no.. 3 3 3 . Height 90 cm . ; width 26 cm. Height af letters 6-9 cm .

A vi? [�]o; '2.20l)� POl) S!(�)1») itc'.

Th e face is

The Raman name Avidius is frequently transcribed Au{dw; ; e . g. I. G.R. III 1 2 70 and 1 5 30.

H P O I C C A M E 8 0 y

Inscr. 3 3 5 . Scale I : 20.

Inset". 336. Scale I : 20.

P A oV A o e o J(A I C E O Y H Inscr. 3 3 7 .

Scale I : 20.

A y I T P A

A I 8 H A a Y E O C 6 0 Z O E

Inscr. 3 3 8 . Inscr. 3 3 9 . Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

3 3 5 . STELE. F aund near no.. 3 3 3 . Height 68-69 cm. ; width 2 6-3 I cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height af letters 81/2- 1 2 cm .

Far HpQ� see no.. 3 30.

Hpo� '2.ap.c.eOl) . 1. e. Khair, (son) of Sham it.

3 3 6 . STELE. Used as a carbel In the raom In which no.. 3 3 5 was faund.

Height from wall to the top of the slab 5 5 cm. ; width 3 5 cm. The face is fairly well finished, but weathered. Height of letters 61/;;- 1 5 cm.

rOUfLo� Pa�tA. I . e . Gumf!, (son) of Rad.fi!.

On the name rOUfLO; see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs . no. 96 . Pa�tA may be a mistake for Past)" or an attempt to write in Greek Rad.fi!, a name which is elsewhere transliterated Pa),atAO; or PaI'EAO; ; see M.S.M. p. 2 9 7 ; VA .S. p. 1 5 5 , no. 20 .

3 3 7 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is north of no . 336. Height from wall to the top of the slab 49 cm . ; width 3 3 cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 7- 1 0 cm .

PaCJuaa; d xai 2EOU·Z [po; • • • • • • On Paouao;, Arabic Rawal?, see no. 2 7 6 .

3 3 8 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room . The stone is north of no . 337 and In the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 48 cm . ; width 2 5' cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 9- 1 3 cm.

Auapo; Zo • • • • . i . e. ijawar, (son) of Zo . . . . .

We have found no other example of Auapo� .

3 39 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is north of no. 3 38 and i n the same row. Height from the wall t o the top of the slab 57 cm . ; width 3 2 cm. The face is fairly well finished . The wall obscures most of l ine 5 . Height of letters 6-8 cm.

Irpa$)7 A ouw)'o1) i[-r(w lI) . . 1 . e . CI�rat, (daughter) of CAwzdh.

I-rpae)7 , hitherto unknown in Greek inscriptions, occurs in the form Et-rpae)7 in no. 450 .

..., N O T f P o e I N O Y I t- T I(

J

Inser. 340. Scale I : 2 0 .

A 8 / X o CA E I A

/,,/ 0 Y N O '\' (- T f T i

Inser. 3 4 1 . Inser. 342 . Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

>-<A I {)J P B A CCo Y B-B TW [? A C ( N npw o ( JJ... T UJNZ H A I W p a-D T CA C ETH UJ N

v r n Inser. 343. Jnser. 344.

Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

340. STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is north of no . 3 39 and in the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 5 71/2 cnl . ; width 2 6-3 3 cm. The face is half finished . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters, which are deep and well cut, 61/2-9 cm.

Dmm idj -Djimal 1 77

Nnspo; Ivou Er(c.1'J) X;- '. 1 . e. Nzt�hair, (son) of cIn.

For No'rspo; see no . 2 8 7 .

34 I . STELE. Used a s a corbel i n the same room. The stone i s the northernmost inscribed corbel in the south row. l-feight frorn the wall to the top of the slab 4 1 cm . ; width 30 cm. The face is well finished . The letters are shallow. Height of letters 61/2-8 cm .

Paouao; I VelU sr( c;)v) • • 1 . e. Rawa�, (son) of cIn.

On Paou(lo; see no. 2 76 .

342 . STELE. Used a s a corbel in the same room. The stone is south of no. 34 1 and in the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 43 cm . ; width 34 cm. The face is fairly well finished. l-feight of letters 6-8 cm.

AeeXo; Aceavou ' E'r('J)V) 9' . i . e. cA tzk, (son) of .f.laiyan.

The name AeeX.0; is new in , Greek inscriptions. Ase(lvy/; occurs also in J.A . VIII

( 1 896) , p . 3 2 8 . The form Ae(lvy/; is found in P.E.F. 1 8 9 5 , p . 1 3 5 , no. 60 and in R.B. x ( 1 90 1 ) , p. 5 74, no . 1 6 = M.N:D.P.- V. 1 898 , p. 8 2 = P.A . II, p. 248 c.

343 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room . The stone is south of no . 342 and in the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 67 cm . ; width 3 I cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 4-81/'1, cm.

M a{tlJp BciO'O'ou �� 'rc.1v 1tp�r�v , <;�O'(l.; E'rY/ t::t'. The interpretation of this inscription has been discussed in no. 2 84.

344. STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is south of no. 343 and in the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 43 cm. ; width 27 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 5-7 cm .

BciO'O'o; lVJ (l[c.)P �� 'rwv 'rtr pu)'t'c.)1) . See nos. 343 and 2 84.

A XXO Y O Y E lnser. 345.

Scale I : 2 0 .

r u M O I\ A 8 H I A /\ 0 6 0 Y Inser. 346. Scale I : 20.

M OE. A P OC C A M E. eoy 'E T /\ H

lnser. 347 . Scale I : 20.

C A j-J E 8 0 (J-< ( E X

lnser. 348. Scale I : 20.

N E W N X A fv\ / a Y C p A T I O T H CT E P T H K y p N A Ie E

ErA lnser. 349.

Scale I : 20.


345 . STELE . Found in the second story of the same house. The slab is built into the landing of the stairway. Height from the wall to the top of the stele 5 2 cm. ; width 301/2 cm . The top is rounded. The face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the letters 6-7 cm.

r(l.O'[p](l.$y} 'i.(l.XXOlJOlJ i[-r] (�v) . . i . e. Gadrat, (daughter) of Shakku�.

r(l.O'p(l.ey} is found in an inscription from Damit il-CAlya, Wad. 245 I , also to be published in Pt. i of these Publications. On 'i.(l.XXOlJO� see no. 2 94.

346. STELE. Found built into the stairway of the same house, and near no. 345 . Height from the wall to the top of the stele 6 I cm. ; width 3 I cm. The top is rounded. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

r000�(l.eY} I(l.�oO'olJ �t(�v) . . i . e. Gzt1nulat, (daughter) of Yakhlud.

On r000�(l.eY) see no. 305 . On I(l.AoO'o� see no. 1 9 .

347 . STELE. Found lying in debris east o[ nos. 345 and 346. Height 9 2 cm. ; width 24 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of inscribed portion 68 cm . Height of letters 5-9 cm .

JVJ ocapo� 2,(l.0SeOlJ it( c.)',i) �Y}'. i. e. Mughaz'yz'r, (son) of Shanzz't.

The usual spelling of the first name is !\10(l.�cpO�, but Mos(l.po� is also found in no. 3 89, Wad. 205 2 = V.A .S. p . 1 64, no . 3 1 , and B. C.H. XXI ( 1 �9 7) , p . 49 , no. 37 .

The form Mo(l.�po� occurs in no . 403 , and Mo(l.�p(l.� is probably to be read i n no . 4 1 6. These last two fornls substantiate Clermont-Ganneau 's suggestion of a trisyllabic transcription of the naIVe ; see R.A. O. IV ( 1 90 1 ) , p. 1 3 3 .

348 . STELE. Found by one of the servants in the eastern part of the city and brought by him to the camp . The lower portion had been broken off, and was not found. Height 54-5 8 cm. ? width 2 6 cm. The face is well finished . Height of letters 7-9 cm .

2,(l.p.seo� M(l.O'sxolJ i[t(�v) . . i . e . Shalnz't, '(soil) of Masz'k.

349 . STELE. Found in debris north of the West Gate of the city. Height I In . ; width 3 8 cm. The face is well finished. Below the inscription is an incised line extending across the face. Height of letters 5-91/2 cm . ; in 1. 8, 1 5- 1 6 cm .

NEC,W XCl.0tolJ , O'p(l.n6ty}� 'TiptY} KlJPV(l.XE, it(�v) ).'. Neon, (son) oj Kacammz'hz' , soldier of (the) 3d Cyrenaic (Legion) , (aged) 30 years.

NE(,)'J is a common Greek name. X(l.0to� is found also in no. 3 9 5 ; the name sig-nifies ' like his uncle' . The feminine X(l.f1.�Cl.ty} (for XI'J.0UI.6y}) occurs on a stele from Suweda, C.l. G. 4620. X(l.(l.0p.o� is a frequent form of the name.

Umm idj -Dj imal 1 79 T{prYl Kupvaxl is an interesting attempt to write tert£ae Cyrenaz"cae in Greek letters .

The spelling O'parc6rYl; is similar to GpaHofLcllo; in no. 1 7 7 .

e A � A P H AV I S o v

Inser. 3 5 0. Scale I : 20.

TA8 1 A 9 H )...{ A ( E X O Y E T J

Inser. 3 5 1 . Scale I : 20.

Z UJ A r O Y ' nt l<


rO B 6 ) I A c e o A fJ\

o Y E T L{) N I 8

- - -

Inser. 3 5 3 . Scale I : 20.


3 50 . STELE. Used as part of the frame of a window in a house north of the debris in which no . 349 was found. The lower portion of the slab is not visible. Height of the visible portion 49 cm . ; width 3 I cm . The top is rounded . The face is fairly well finished . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. I-Ieight of letters 8-9 cm .

eafLapYl Auteou [ir( �'J) . . 1 . e: Tacmar, (daughter) of GhawUh .

On eafLap,!] see no . 2 3a . The fonn Auteo; does not seem to occur elsewhere, unless it is to be read in no . 5 I 5 .

3 5 I . STELE . Found i n the debris south of the West Gate of the city. Height 7 3 cm . ; width 2 6-2 7 cm. The top is rounded . The upper part of the face is well finished, . the lower part is rough . Height of the inscription 46 cm. Height of the letters 6-8 cm .

Ta�taeYl MaO'EX�u ir( &>v) ,, ' . 1 . e. Thabyat, (daughter) of MasZ"k.

On Ta�taeYl see no. 1 5 I .

3 5 2 . no . 3 5 1 . finished, above 1. the line.

STELE. Found in the debris south of the West Gate of the city, near Height I . 1 4 m . ; width 2 8-3 2 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well

the lower part is rough . There is an incised line extending across the face 4. Below this there is a conventional branch ornamentation , perpendicular to Height of letters 5 1/2-81/2 cm .

A�E�Cf k'lou ir(�v) x'. i. e. flor cAzzz, (son) of flag.

kyo; IS new In Greek inscriptions. The name is found also in no. 4 I 4. Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sect. A , Pt. 3 . 2 4

I SO Di vision III Section A Part 3

3 5 3 . STELE. Found in the debris south of the West Gate of the city, near nos. 3 5 1 and 3 5 2 . Height 7 5 cm . ; width 2 9 cm . The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the letters 5-71/2 cm.

O�O'(l.; 2.0(l.(.LOlJ i-rcij'} tel . 1. e. cObda, (son) of Suham (?) .

O��(l.; occurs as a part of the compound name A[3�oo��(l.; in nos. 5 6 7 and 569 . L.O(l.(.Lo; is akin to the well-known name L.O(l.t(.L'J;, Suhaz"1n� for which see no. 5 1 2 .

3 5 4 . STELE . Found lying in the courtyard of the house , northwest of the " Barracks" and adjoining the west wall of the city, where nos. 2 34, 2 3 8 , 2 69 , 2 70 and 2 7 1 were also found ( " House no . VI") . The base of the slab has been broken off. Height 48 cn1 . at the left edge, 5 1 cm . at the right edge ; width 2 91/2 cm. The top is rounded. The face is well finished . Height of the letters 7 1/2- 1 1 1/2 em .

NdvY] AV(l.(.L�lJ E [-r(�V) . .

NdvCf. or Nd'}y] (i . e . �mother') is very common as a woman 's name in inscnptIOns from Asia Minor (see Kretschmar, Ez"nleitung z". d. Gesch. d. Grz"ech . Sprache, p. 34 1 f.) , and was also used in Greece (e.g. I. G. II 4002 and 4003) . The name was applied to the great Asiatic goddess of productivity, worshipped under various epithets in Persia and Babylonia (Maccab. II 1 , 1 3 ; Ed. Meyer, Gesch. d. A lteriztnzs 12, pp . 420 and 4 2 7 f. ; Roscher, Lexz"con, III 5 ) , and also in Asia Micor (Gruppe, Grz"ech. My tho logz"e, p. 1 5 3 6 , n. 2 ) . It is noteworthy that ' the name should be found in Arabia also ; but here it may also be a rendering of the Arabic Nacnac. A'}(7.{J.o; is the equivalent of the Arabic A11/am.

Inser. 3 5 5 . Scale I : 20.

G A P e l ( E 0 Y H P f E: T I H

Inser. 3 5 6 . Scale I : 20.

8A�:i C l A N AI-AE E-T w N P

Inser. 3 5 7 . Scale I : 20.

Inser. 3 5 8 . Scale I : 20.

/ \ V Y E I � O C A C A � o y

bser. 359. Scale I : 20.

3 5 5 . STELE. Fragment of a stele found lying in the courtyard of the same house. Height 2 6 cm . ; width 3 2 cm. The rows of letters are separated by an incised line . Height of the letters 6-8 cm .

Umm idj -Dj imftl

!O[J.cow[� • • • • • • • 1 . e . ·Sztnzak .

The name occurs also In nos. 469 and 490.

1 8 1

3 5 6 . STELE. Used as a step in the stairway of. the same house. The base is built i nto the wall . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 8 5 cm . ; width 3 6 Cin. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. The inscription is in a sort of frame formed by incised lines . Height of this frame 66 cm . ; width 30 cm . The rows o f letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the letters 61/2-91/2 cm .

3 5 7 . STELE. Used as a step in the same stairway. The base is built into the wall . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 9 2 cm. ; width 2 8- 3 2 cm . The upper part of the face is half finished, the lower part is rough . Height of letters 9- 1 3 cm . ; of N in 1 . 2 , 5 cm .

D / A ' - I �(J,PG! vafL€, ':TCvV p . AvafLor; is the Greek equivalent of Arabic Anca1n .

3 5 8 . STELE . Found lying on the stairway, into which nos . 3 5 6 and 3 5 7 have been built. Height 1 . 2 4 m . ; width at the top 4 I cm. , at the base 30 cm. The upper part of the face is half finished, the lower part is rough . There is an incised line extending across the face between the patronymic and the numeral . Height of letters 6- 1 1 cm . , of the numeral p 1 41/2 cm.

OudA,/); Av(l.p.o; (iT�'J) pl . 1 . e . Va lens (or Wa Cla) , (son of) AnCam .

OudA,/]; i s unmistakably a Roman name in several Syrian and Palestinian inscriptions (e .g . I. G.R. III 1 1 70, 1 20 7 , 1 208) , as well as in inscriptions from Asia Minor (e .g . I. G.R. III I 1 0 and 2 I 6), and the genitive OUc(A€VTO; is still more common , being found sometimes amid a group of purely Semitic names . On the other hand, the genitive OU(l.AOU , found in Wad. 202 2a , 2 203a , and in A .A .E.S. III 3 70, points to the existence of an Arabic name OU(l.AO; or OU(l.Aa; = Wacl or Wacla.

3 5 9 . STELE. Found in the second story of the same house , in the middle room on the north side of the house . The stone is used as a roof-slab, and lies face downward on two corbels, which conceal the ends of the stele . Height of the visible portion 90 cm . ; width 30 cm. The face is fairly well finished . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-71/2 cm .

Aouw}'o; A.G(I.�o'/) . {, e . cAwzdh, (son) of A sad.

On the names see nos. 2 3 8 and 85 respectively. Afja�o; IS also found in many other inscriptions from Umm idj-Djimal.


� M OI\E P A C MO�t\ ,g O ( o Y A ( A S H

r A /\ X A B ( /J... IJE :;tt b e fj n Y f )JI. A ( � C Oy O Y E T /\ E ( E Xo

/'-1 A ( y f iK T N A X ; E T K y6 E

l M S ' Inscr. 360. Inscr. 36 1 . Inscr. 3 6 2 . Insc\,. 3 6 3 . Inscr. 364.

Scale I : 20. ScaJ e I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

3 60. STELE. Found lying In the debris in the room at the northwest corner of the same house. Width 2 9 cm. Height of the inscription 601/2 cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 71/2- 1 2 1/2 cm .

MOAeP.q� ra)�e(l'vU h((Jv) x'. i . e . MUlf1i'l1Z , (son) of GaNs.

On the names see nos. 70 and 2 89 respectively.

3 6 1 . STELE . Found in the debris in the same room. Height at the left edge 8 5 cm . , at the right edge 7 6 cm . ; width 2 5-3 I cm. The face is rough. Height of letters 61/c),- I O cm .

PaGOU(l XCl.�OlJ h· (c;) v ) v' . 1 . e. Ra�wa, (son) of Ka'abuh (or, KaCb) .

PaG�lJa also occurs in the genitive PaGOlJOlJ in an inscription from Bo�ra ; BrUnnow, P.A . III , p. 2 0 2 , no. 4 = Sejourne, R.B. VII ( 1 898) , p . 1 09 ; see our no. 5 69 . The name X(l�a� has been read by Milne (Greek Inscriptions in the Muse�tm of Cairo, Oxford , 1 90 5 , p . 2 5 f.) in Column II, 1. 3 2 of the stele from Ashmoune'in containing a list of soldiers ' names, first published by J ouguet In B. C.H. xx ( 1 896) , p. 1 7 7 f.

3 6 2 . STELE. Found in the same house. It is one of the corbels which support the third story at the northwest corner. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 5 9 cm . at the left edge, 6 6 cm. at the right edge ; width 2 9-3 5 cm . The face is rough . Height of letters 61/2-8 cm . ; i n 1 . 5 , y is 1 2 cm. high.

2.(ld'o� MaGaxolJ sr( �v) p.c;-/ . i . e . Sa cd, (son) of Masak.

MaGaxo; is found also in Wad. 2 1 4 I and 2 1 49 , In A . ,4 . E. s. III 430, and In the feminine in no. 4 2 8 ; MaO'eXo� is the usual form.

363 . STELE. Found in the same house. It is one of the corbels which support the third story at the northwest corner. Height from the wall to the top of the slab R 5 cn1 . ; width 2 7-3 I cm . The face is rough. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 5 1/2-7 cm .

Umm idj-Dj imal

MOvevaey] 2.ape�c'J Er(Q'J) Ae' . i. e . Mushaisha t (?) , (daughter) of Sharid.

MOO'eO'aey] is new in Greek inscriptions. On 2.ape�o; see no. 2 39 .

3 64. STELE. Found i n a Bedawin hearth in a small sheepfold south o f the so-called " Praetorium". Height 63 cm. ; width 2 8 cm. Height of letters 5 1/2-71/2 cm.

. . . . . 0;

r - -f1 A A E X O C A h

m l O Y

P H E T \ H P . E-Iuser. 3 6 5 . lnser. 3 6 6 .

Seale I : 20. Seale I : 20.

MaO'v€Xou c'r( �v) p.e'.

Ac /� O ( f) 8

M O C E- T 8

lnser. 367. Seale I : 20.

C A >-{ J (9 0 c C A H 8/0 Y f1 1(

J Inser. 368 .

Seale I : 20.

8 A P( \ Q I J\ O C� I Q

I A H C Z O A \3 E: I � oy

Inser. 3 69. Seale I : 20.

3 6 5 . STELE . Found in a stone fence south of the so-called " Praetorium" . Height 32 cm . ; width 29 cm . The face is well finished . Height of letters 81/2- 1 0 cm .

[eJap.ap� HpCi[U • . • •

1 . e . Tacmar, (daughter) of Khair.

On the name Bpo; see no . 3 30 .

3 66. STELE. Found in a small stone fence adjoining the southwest corner of so-called " Praetorium". Height 74 cm . ; width 24-2 8 cm . The face is half finished. Height of letters 5 1/2-8 cm.

MaAEXO; Aat'Ju Er (c.) v ) te'. i . e. Malik, (son) of CAdi.

On A�to; , spelled also A�coS' , see M.S.lVI. p. 2 74. no . 9 8 and Lidzbarski , Eph. II, p. 3 3 1 , no . 98 .

3 6 7 . STELE. Found i n a house situated southwest o f the so-called " Praetoriuln" . The stone lay in some debris in a small room. I-Ieight 1 . 201/2 m. ; width 26 cm . The face is fairly well finished . Three incised lines divide the face into four spaces . Height of letters 8- 1 5 cm .

Avp.o; 8stp.oS' h (c..JV) �' •

I . e. cA�im, (son) oj Tai1n.

With AO'p.oS' compare Avtp.oS' in no . 2 3 1 and AO'efLO; in no. 2 84.

368 . STELE. Found in the wall of a house situated west of the so-called "Praetorium" and designated as House no . IX. Height 69-7 2 cm . ; width 2 8-3 1 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

L.ap.€eO� 2.(/.p_Ee(t)O'J c''!(�v) x' . 1 . e . Shamz't, (son) of Shanzit.

3 69 . STELE. Found near no. 368 , in the same wall . Height 7 3 cm . ; width 2 9 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 5-7 cm .

edp(Jt, p{}o�. Ie(/.�� Zo(/.�wJo'J . Be of good �heer, beloved. YithaC (?) , (son) of Zobaz'd.

Perhaps the first name is to be read He(/.�� after the analogy of the feminine He�(/.e� in no. 5 2 2 . It seems to be an attempt to write the name of the God >,rh , and is perhaps an abbreviated form of a theophoric name like Taim-yithaC ; see Div. IV. Nab . Inscrs . no. 5 3 .

A C A6 O C A /( PA B o; � TwN r------1\

�.�j7:;.' ;i1"<:?,\ �7Y5;.�j%'<1 I;-! .. /(,.�:< ; )) \( ' j i 'I: , <-- , , . / lnser. 369 1 .

Scale I : 20,

EN�to '( H N 'E 1)\ Cv .. � 6 , T ,

, ./\ ... -r " lnser. 3 70.

Scale I : 20. Inser. 3 7 1 .

Scale I : 20. lnser. 3 7 2 .

Scale I : 20.

G A p e l _AY�-H P/J..)-\O ( -�

�q:� \ �. : : ··C ...... . 0" " ..r1 lnser. 3 73.

Scale I : 20,

3691. STELE. Formerly part of the roof of the cistern immediately east of the so-called " Praetorium", but now lying on the ground on the west side of the cistern . He ight I nl . ; width 3 3 1/2 cm . The face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 8- 1 0 cm. Copied by Mr. Magie in I gog.

AG(/.ao� A x.P(/'��'J h;;)'; )/. i . e . Asad, (son) of tA�rab .

On the names see nos. 8 5 and 30 1 respectively.

3 70 . STELE. Found in the so-called " Barracks" . The stone is used as a corbel In the wall of a room north of the tower. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 7 1 cm. ; width 3 7 cm. The face is half finished . Height of letters 61/2-8 cm.

Evvo� HVEta� i'!(wv) Aq-'. Ev'JO� IS the masculine fornl corresponding to the feminine Evv� , Arabic ijinn, on

which see no. 30 . HVEt(/'� seems to be an attempt at the name A lvc{a� which is found in other Syrian inscriptions : I G.R. III 1 1 60 ; Wad. I g 2 g == I. G.R. III 1 3 2 7 ; Wad. 2 2 3 8. The name is spelled as in this inscription in I G. VII 3089 .

Umm idj-Djimal

3 7 I . STELE. Found in the so-called " Barracks". The stone is used as a corbel In a wall which extends west from the northwest corner of the tower . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 1 . 07 cm . ; width 3 1 cm. The upper part of the face is half finished , the lower part is rough . The whole surface is very uneven and was covered with lichen . Height of letters 61/2-91/2 cm .

Ma)'acf€AO; Ia't'CilJpolJ . i. e . Magaael (or , Magadil) , (son) of Ya�ur.

Ma1aO'sAo; is new in Greek inscriptions. On Ia"ColJPo; �ee no. 3 1 6 .

3 7 2 . STELE. Found in the northeast corner of the cloister of the so-called " Barracks" . The stone is broken at the lower end. Height 5 3 cm . ; width 2 9 cm . The face is half finished. Height of letters 5-7 cm .

<l>a(j'�sA� A n(j'av�lJ iriin A�' . i. e. Fa�atel, (daughter) of cA�isan.

On oi(j'�€A� see no . 2 I O. An(j'a'.i�;, hitherto unknown in Greek inscriptions , occurs also in no. 4 1 6 1 .

3 7 3 . STELE. Found in a house situated east of the so-called " Barracks" . The stone is in the landing of the stairway at the second story . Height fron1 the wall to the top of the slab 90 cm . ; width 3 3 cm . The face is well finished . Above the inscription there is a conventional branch-ornament. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters , which are deeply cut, 5 1/2-8 cm .

ed.p(j'� , A lJO'r; A (J.p.'); E"C ( wv) 9C;-'. The Arabic equivalents of these common names are 'Aud and cA1nl1z .

!§::A2:¥.;'G<,i }Q5Yij/FC( YAJi!il8 :N�' i6¥*;:q::�� ?£/E:tiQ;Q

i"�i*(�� loser. 3 74.

Scale I : 20. lnser. 3 7 5 .

Scale I : 20. l nser. 3 76.

Scale I : 20.

/N O TA P O C I f( -r o v o o C , l .-\

loser. 3 7 7 . Scale I : 20.

' �A: C ; C· )""1"\'1 '�C·.

.

( " · · v · " , " . "

' � �€L ,T- '-V'�.;.;-.;.. : , . _,> .r,' j ' I\.-! D · · ·- � t'l;� !.

: :1 " , '�' � ' ':: 'Lt,�2� _ _ «.) loscl". 3 7 8.

Scale I : 20.

3 7 4 . STELE. Found in the same stairway. Height, from the wall to the top of the slab 75 cm. ; width 3 1 -3 3 cm . The face is well fini'shed . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines . Height of letters 6-7 cm. ; in line 6, E is 1 01/2 cm. , and z 1 2 1/2 cm. high.


A aO'os-, Arabic cAhid or c/jJidh, is a well kno�n name. On the Arabic transcription c;iridh, see Lidzbarski , Eph. I, p . 3 3 3 and M.S.M. p. 2 70, no. 89 .

3 7 5 . STELE. Found in the same stairway. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 7 5 cm. ; width 361r). cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 71/2-1 1 cm.

edpO't , Baxpa6 ir(6JY) p.' . Baxpa6 is an exact transcription of the Arabic feminine name Bakrat. On the

masculine form BaXpos- see no. 3 7 .

3 7 6 . STELE. Found i n the courtyard o f a house east o f the so-called " Barracks". Height 1 . 30 m . ; width �8 cnl. The face is well finished . Height of letters 81/2-1 2 cm.

1ap.ceos- MaO'cX°1) . i . e. Shanzit, (son) of .--'Wasik .

3 7 7 . STELE. Found in the same courtyard . Height 5 I -5 6 cm. ; width 38 cm. Height of letters 41r).-8 cm . ; (p, in line 2 , 1 0 cm.) .

Notapos- Iaro1)(p)o� h(�v) v"/. 1. e. Nu(har, (so;; of) . yra(ur.

On No!apos- see no. 2 8 7 . On la!o1)pos- see no . 3 1 6 .

3 7 8 . STELE. Found in the same courtyard . Height 1 . 2 7 m. ; width 3 3-3 5 cm . The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough . Height of letters 8- 1 2 cm.

On the name see no. 2 8 1 .

Insel" 3 79. Scale I : 20.

- O H O "A S H . OBA I YE T

1\


BaO'O'os- ,he rJv) v,,/' .

.L

lnser. 38 1 . Scale I : 20.

rAY B H C I E¢/\ AANOY ETO



3 79 . STELE. Found in an adjoining courtyard . Height 94 cm . ; width 2 7-30 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 71/2- 1 0 cm.

Ap.pos- IO'teo1) Et( &1v} ve' . 1. e. JA mr or cAmr, (son) of Yi�it or Sit (?).

Ap.poS- IS common. IO't60s- does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions.

Umm idj �Dj imal.

3 80. STELE. Found in a stable near the house which lies . immediately east of the so-called " Barracks" . No. 2 65 was found in this house. Height 1 . 2 1 1 I'}, m . ; width 2 6-30 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough . Height of letters 41/'},� I O cm .

r]op.oAa$'l7 [L]O�(J.WU E-t'(6)1J) AI. 1. e. GU1nulat, (daughter) of $ubaz"/:z..

On rOP.oAa$'l7 see no. 305 . 2.0�(J.ws is the same as 2.0�CO; ; see no. 1 7 3 crnd Wad. 2046.

38 I . STELE. Found lying in the ruins of the wall of the house in which no. 2 65 was found. Height 86 cm . ; width 2 7 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 5-9 cm.

O(J.ud'oO'a ��(W1J) • • The name is probably an error for OU(J.O'od'a, Arabic Wadud. The spelling is

analogous to Oau�ou for Oua�ou in no . 3 9 3 . The similar names OuccO'O'o; and OU(J.O'd''l7)'o; occur frequently in Syrian inscriptions.

3 8 2 . STELE. Found lying in the ruins of the same wall. Height 66 cm. ; width 2 9-30 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 7- 1 01/2 cm.

rau�'l7; I2cpA( (J. ) (1.1;OU h( �1J) 01• Probably Gaub, (son) of Yzjlal;an.

The Greek forms of these names are not found elsewhere .

3 8 3 . STELE. Found in the ruins of the same house. Height 701/2 c� . ; width 2 5-2 7 cm. The slab appears to have been broken at the base. The top is rounded. The face is fairly well finished. Height .of letters 8- 1 0 cm.

On the name see no. 2 1 0 .

AC A 60C PAa YAO Y ET

Inscr. 3 84. Scale I : 20.

Inscr. 3 8 5 . Scale I : 20.

<PaV'l72A'l7 i!( �1J) )/ . 1 . e . Fasaz"Jel.

y,'" ..... . : --.....


rOYA I\ H C A y e O Y Er TI\AI ) Inscr. 387 .

Scale I : 20.

<A � E ' P A N H e M C E X O y


Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pt. 3 . 2 5


3 84. STELE. Found in the ruins of the same house. Height 68 cm. ; width 2 61/2 cm. The base of the slab has been broken off. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 7- 1 2 1/2 cm.

A(]a�o; PaOU(lOU h( �y) y�'. i. e. Asad, (son ) of R awalJ.

On the names see nos. 8 5 and 2 76 respectively.

3 8 5 . STELE. Found in the ruins of the same house. Height 75 cm. ; width 25 cm. The top of the slab is badly chipped. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

(A)ueo; Za��ou [i]r(c.')y) Al. 1. e: Ghauth , (son) of' Zabd.

Aueo; is a COIllmon name. Z(l��O; is found also in no. 48 3 , in Wad. 2070 z , In C.J. G. 4 5 8 3 = Wad. 2404 == J. G.R. III 1 2 1 6, and in the form Z(l��as in no . 499 and B. C.H. XXI ( 1 89 7) , p. 48 , no. 3 I . It is also the name of the great general of Zenobia i Zosim. I , 44 f. and Wad. 2 6 1 I == I. G.R. III 1 030. The Latin transcription of the name occurs in an inscription from the Lebanon , C.I.L. III 1 43 842.

3 86 . STELE. Found on the ruined wall of the same house, and now lying on the ground in what appears to have been a stable attached to the house. Height 1 . 40 m . ; width 2 7 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 5-71/2 cm .

1:.wuYjpos Mdpxou h( (;)y) ),' . peAs 7CiY1:�y, 9d.pa( . Severus, (son) of Marcus, (aged) 30 years ,. friend of all, be of good courage. We are inclined to consider the character after A in 1. 5 as a mark of punctuation

(cf. nos. 1 80 and 396) , rather than 5'.

3 8 7 . STELE. Found on the same wall, now lying on the ground outside the house. Height 7 I cm. ; width at the top 30 cm. at the bottom 2 5 cm. The base of the slab has been broken off. The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 7- 1 0 cm.

Oua.AYj; Aueou c''t'(�1)) Aa' . i . e . Valens (or WaCla) , (son) of Ghauth.

On o{;d),Yj; see no . 3 5 8 .

3 8 8 . STELE. Found in the courtyard of a house east of the so-called " Barracks", and next to the house where no . 24 I was found. Height at the left edge 1 . I 1 m. , at the right 1 .08 m . ; width at the top 29 cm. ; at the base 20 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 6- 1 01/2 cm.

Z(J.�Et�(lyY)S MaaEXou . i. e . Zabzdan, (son) of Masik.

Z(l�wjavYj; is not found elsewhere , but Z(l�St�O; , the shorter form of the name, occurs In Wad. 2 6 2 7 , and as Z(J.�t�O; In Josephus, c . Apz'on. II . 9 , § 1 1 4 .

M O � A P O ( l I ATOY p a y E T lAJ I� l



Umm i dj -Dj imal

A C OV A D A E T

I�I

l nser. 3 9 1 . Scale I : 20.


1\ /\ bH· O �YB aYE T (\


3 8 9 . STELE. Found lying in the same courtyard . Height 66-68 cm . ; width 2 7-30 cm. The base has been broken off. Height of letters 5 1/2- 1 0 cm.

MOEa.:pO� Ia-ro1)po1) i-r�v ;' . i . e. Mughaiyir, (son) of Yatur.

On the names see nos. 347 and 3 I 6 respectively .

390 . STELE. Found in a group of buildings, consisting originally of two separate houses, in the eastern part of the city, south of the so-called " House no. XVIII

".

Nos. 454 and 45 5 were found in this same group of houses. The slab is used as a step in the outside stairway on the southwest side of the house. The upper right corner · has been broken off. The base is built into the wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 68 cm. at the left edge, 64 cm. at the right ; width 30 cm . The face is half finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height

La.:d'( E ) �)\o� OVEV01) s-r( c,)y) f1-'. i . e . SaCd'et, (son) of ijunain .

LCl.d'E�Ao; is found in the form La.:d'EAo; in no . 2 7 7 . OVEVO;, also written Ovcavo; and Ovnvo;, i s a common name.

3 9 I . STELE. Used as a step in the same stairway. Height fron1 the wall to the top of the slab 69 cm. ; width 3 7 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 7 1/2-91/2 cm.

Aao1)a.:d'CI. i-r( c;w) v'

.

i . e. A swada. The form Aao1)Cl.d'o; occurs on an altar found near Derc� by Schumacher ; see

Z.D.P.- V. xx ( 1 89 7) , p. 1 2 4 = R.A.O. IV ( 1 90 1 ) , p. 1 60. The kindred name Aao1)a.:d'Cl.vy}; 1S found in Wad. 2 1 74 and 2 3 30 ;::= I. G.R. III 1 2 24 .

3 9 2 . STELE. Used as a step in the same stairway. The top of the slab has been broken off. The base is built into the wall . Height from the wall to the top of the fragment 49-5 5 cm. ; width 30 cm. The face is rough. Height of the letters 7- I 4 cm .

• • • • • Aaap(1) h'( �v) 0' . i . e. . . . . . . . (son) of Ashcar.

The name occurs also in no. 409 , but is not found elsewhere, as far as we know. The form Aaapa.:Y}Ao;, which is found in an inscription from Barrin in the Ledja, Wad. 2464, 1S probably to be regarded as a compound of Ashra� + JEt.

Division I II Section A Part 3

393 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the room at the southwest corner of the same group of buildings. The shape of the slab is very irregular. Height fronl the wall to the top of the slab 8 5 cm . at the left edge, 7 8 cm. at the right ; width at the top 2 9 cm. , at the bottom of the visible portion 2 I cm. The face is rough. Height' of letters 6- I 0 cm.

AA�Yj Oat)�ot) h( cJy) )/ . F or AA�'fJ , Khald, see nos. 1 2 1 and 1 3 9 ; for the meaning of the name In Arabic

see Div. IV. Nab. Inscrs. no. 68 . Oat)�ot) is probably a mistake for Ot)a�ot) , Wahb, which is found also in nos. 1 00 and 3 I 6 ; see no . 3 8 I , where Oat)�od'a appears to be a similar error for ouad'od'a.

A.

X A M I TAYPEI O ( O P H � I N od N O C

�'a., C 0 C E T V.�ET1.E ' ( A GOY! N r

. E--r; oy IT

B, Inser. 394. Inser. 395. Inser. 396. Inser. 397. Inser, 398.

Scale I: 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

394. STELE. Found in the same group of houses. The slab was broken into two fragments. Fragment A, the upper portion , was found lying on the ground at the foot of the stairway at the southeast corner of the group . Height 3 6 cm. at the left edge, 43 cm . at the right ; width 30-3 3 cm. Fragment B , the lower portion , was found on the landing of the stairway, and was left lying with Fragment A. Height 50-5 2 cm. ; width 2 8-30 cm. The face of the slab is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-8 cm .

BavaAaeYj Tp��EAWt) i-r( cJv) 0'• i . e . Ban·allat, (daughter) of Trebellz'us.

BavaAaeYj does not occur elsewhere. It may perhaps be akin to Bavw�, Banz, which occurs in nos. 209 and 2 20.

395 . STELE. Used as 'a step in the stairway at the southeast corner of the same group of buildings. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 93 cm . ; width 34 cm. The face is half finished. Height of the inscription 39 cm . Height of letters 5 1/2- 1 1 1/2 cm .

Xap.w� OpYj(jO; h(,{iv) �e' . 1. e. Kacalnl1,zz'hz', (so'n) of lJuraz's.

For X?p.wq; see no. 349 . 0FY}(jQ� i s found in the form Opc(jo� in nos . 43 2 and 464.

396 . STELE. Used as a step in the stairway at the northeast corner of the same

Umm idj -Dj imal

group of buildings . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 7 8 cm. ; width 3 3 cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height of the inscription 5 7 cm. Height of letters 5 1/2-9 cm.

I VO� 2aO'ou ST( �v) 'Tt'. i. e. cIn, (son) of SaCd.

Both names are very common. For marks of abbreviation similar to that In 1 . 3 see nos. 1 80 and 3 8 6 .

3 9 7 . STELE. Found lying on the ground below the same stairway. The stone once formed part of the landing of the stairway, but was struck from its posItIOn, apparently by the fall of the lintel of a door in the secon,d story, and dashed to the ground. The upper portion was broken off, and could not be found. Height 9 I cm. at the left edge, 99 cm. at the right ; width 30 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough . Height of letters 7-8 cm .

• • . • • 0 x]a! Taupci'vo� �T(WV) 1,1"/'.

398 . STELE. Fragment found lying in the portico of the church directly northeast of the so-called " Barracks" , (the so-called " Church of Numerianus") . Nos. 2 5 7-2 5 9 were also found in this church. The lower part of the slab , and apparently also the left edge have been broken off, and the shape of the fragment is very irregular. Height at the left edge 46 cm . , at the right 49 cm . ; width at the top 30 cm. , at the n1iddle 2 5 cm. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 7-91/2 cm.

Perhaps to be restored :

[2]oufl[a]xou [r]auTo� i[T({jV) . . i . e. 01 SU1nak, (son) of Ghauth .

The form 2.op.axo� is found i n nos. 3 5 5 , 469 , and 490 . On rauTo� see the comm entary to no. 2 2 3 .

E C IA O ( OT A\TOY E Tc)


A C I N n O el A P KO y( oy E, Tg

loser. 400. Scale I : 20.

0 ).) \ E D o C

CD T h/ lT'l

rnser. 40 1 . Scale I : 20.

TAgl� 8 H)-\ Ac Ex O '<ET

N g lnser. 402.

Scale I : 20.

)--(OA I p o c A }-{ p oy

E T 1\

) lnser. 403 .

Scale I : 20.

399 . STELE. Found lying 111 the portico of the same church, near no. 3 98 .


Height 74 cm. at the left edge, 7 9 cm. at the right ; width 2 6-2 7 cm . Height of letters 6-7 cm.

We have been able to find no other instance of either name. They are probably equivalent to Arabic AshyaC and ,fIu(az't respectively.

400. STELE. Found lying in the portico of the same church. width 2 71/2 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The top is slightly of the letters are hardly legible. Height of letters 6-7 cm.

Perhaps to be read : AQ't'll1}O; [K]apxouQ'ou ir(wy) �'.

Height 7 3 cm . ; rounded. Many

The name AQ'!Yy)o; is probably derived from the root l]sn 'to be beautiful ' ; cf. ArJYy), Arabic flasna. KapxourJo; , Arabic .l!ar�us, i . e. 'puppy ' , occurs also i n no . 5 1 4. This stele apparently forms an exception to the regular use of the rounded stele to mark the graves of women only ; see the commentary to no. 30 . Similar instances are nos. 436 , 49 7 , and 5 1 1 .

40 I . STELE. Found In the ruins of a house a short distance east of the church where nos. 3 98-400 were found. The stele was found on the top of a partly ruined wall ; the base is concealed by the ruins of the wall . Width 2 8-2 91/2 cm . The upper part of the face is half finished, the lower part is rough. The letters are deeply cut, but crude and strangely formed . Height of the inscription 401/2 cm. Height ot letters 5-61/2 cm.

Perhaps to be read : Of!-CfO; �r( �Y) f1:c' .

Op.cpo;., if the reading be correct, is probably a transcription of C Umaz'r or ) Umaz'r. The letters, however, are very uncertain , and perhaps Op.c�o;, ljumaz'd, should be read.

40 2 . STELE. fairly well finished. letters 8-1 2 cm.

Used as a corbel in the same wall. Width 34-3 5 cm. The face is Height of The top is rounded . Height of the inscription 8 2 cm .

Ta�taeY) MarJcXou Er(cJ'lI) 'lI�' . 1. e . Thabyat, (daughter) of Masz'k .

On Ta�taeY) see no . I S I .

403 . STELE. Found on the ground, east of nos. 40 1 and 402 . Height 1 . 20 m . ; width 3 I cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, th� lower part i s rough. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-i/2 (A 9 cm.).

Moatpo; Ap.pou ir( cJv) A' . i. e. Mughaz'yir, (son) of )Amr or CAmr.

On Moatpo; see no. 347 ·


M A P I A 8 H

E T \ B


Umm idj-Dj imal

G A p C I AAA C A e O c I N, o y E T N Inscr. 4b6.

Scale I : 20. Inscr. 407 .

Scale I : 20.

1 93

fA [3 f e-,

N E-


404. STELE. Found near no. 403 . Height 54 cm . ; width 2 8 cm. The face IS fairly well finished. The first four rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 6-81/2 cm.

Opty} Aouw�ou h-(�Y) KY}' .

The first name should probably be read Orpty} == JAfCa , 'viper' . The form, however, IS uncertain, as the name does not occur elsewhere.

405 . STELE. Found on the top of a ruined wall south of nos. 40 1-40 2 . Height 9 7 cm. ; width 2 71/2-3 81/2 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 7-8]/2 cm.

MaptCl.eY} h'(cJy) t�' . i . e. Marz' at.

The name is found in the form Mapy}aey} in Wad. no. 2 1 04, and in the N abataean form nN'� in Div. IV. Nab . lnscrs . no. 8 5 . The diminutive Mopeaey} , Muraz" at occurs In nos. 2 94 and 3 2 8 .

406. STELE. Used as a corbel in a small room in a house situated northeast of the so-called " Church of N umerianus". The stone is furthest west in the northern row of corbels. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 60 cm . ; width 38-39 cm. The face is rough . Height of letters 6- 1 0 cm. (0 , l ine 3 , 1 2 cm.) .

ed.pO't, AAa(J(/.eO� hou i-r(cJY) 11'. 1 . e. Khala�at, (son) of cIn.

On AA(/'(J(J.eO� see no. 2 99 .

407 . STELE. U sed as a corbel in the same room. The stone i s east of no . 406. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 67 cm. ; width 3 1 -3 3 cm. The face is half finished . Height of letters 61/2-91/2 cm.

AO'(J.�o; Ap.epou h( cJy) 0'. 1 . e. Asad, (son) of c;f"nz'r.

On AO'(J.�o� see no. 8 5 .

408 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is east of no. 407 . Height from the wall t o the · top o f the slab 64 cm. ; width 44 cm. The face i s rough and partly disintegrated. Height of letters 8- 1 I cm.

[Zla�[O']s �1"(�v) vs'.

Z(l.�cJs is perhaps for Z(l.�cJ"I) , the feminine of Za�O'o;, Arabic Zabd, for which see no . 385 ; or else, it is the vocative of Za�O'o;.

6 A[V\ A P H A CAP 0 ,<

Inser. 409. Scale 1 : 20.

A 0 E: p o c KWI<� 6 0 Y E TWN

I E- , Inser. 4 1 0. Scale I : 20.

A I( PA' BO CA N N Hf' OYE T

!\ r Inser. 4 1 I .

Scale I : 20.

° YA I\ H C ( AI\� .HA E TWN N a y « ET P Inser. 4 1 2. Inser. 4 1 3.

Scale 1 : 20. Scale I : 20.

409 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room . The stone is east of no. 408 . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 64 cm. ; width 2 8-30 cm. The face is rough. Height of letters 71/2- 1 01/2 cm .

Gap.ap'/] A (]apo'J • 1 . e . Tacmar. (da�tghter) · of AshCar.

On Gap.ap'/] see no. 2 3a. On A(]apo; see no . 3 9 2 .

4 1 0. STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. The stone is furthest east in the southern row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 5 7 cm. ; width 301/2-35 cm. The face is half finished. Height of letters 4-71/2 cm. (E, line 5 , 1 2 cm.) .

Ap.spo; M�xsO'o1) l1"�V ts'. i. e. cAl1zir, (son) of Mul/z'd.

We know of no other example of the name MwxscJo;.

4 1 1 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same room. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 5 5 1/2 cm . ; fairly well finished. Height of letters 7- 1 2 cm.

Axpa�o; AVV,/]A01) it (c;>y) Ai. i . e . cA�rab, (son) of f-lann'el.

The stone is west of no. 4 10. width 30-3 2 cm. The face is

For Axpa�o; see note on no. 30 1 . For AVV'/]AO; see no. 5 3 .

4 1 2 . STELE. U sed as a corbel in the same room. The stone is west of no. 4 1 1 . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 7 6 cm. ; width 30-3 7 cm. The face is half finished . Height of letters 71/2- 1 2 cm.

01)aA,/]; 2,aAp.aY01) £1"( C;>Y) pl. 1. e . Valens (or Wa?zt) , (son) of Salman.

On the name 01)aA,/]; see no. 3 5 8 ; on 2aAp.ayO; see no. 7 3 .

Umm idj -Dj imal. 1 95

4 1 3 . STELE . Found in a house situated northeast of the so-called " Church of Numerianus" . Nos. 2 7 3 and 4 2 7-4 29 were also found here . The stele i s used as a cross-slab over two corbels . The stone l ies face down ; the first l ine of the inscription is almost entirely concealed , but the bottoms of the letters can be discerned by looking between the slab and the corbel . Height of the visible portion 69 cm. � width 3 2 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm.

8ap.o.pY) XEEtAOU l-r�1I xE' . 1. e. Tacmar, (daug hter) of Kahzl.

On XEE�AO; see no. 2 4 2 .

ru� o. r � , 8 lnscr. 4 1 4.

Scale I : 20. Inscr. 4 1 5 .

Scale I : 20.

f-\O AIF'A c T� I P-v p o y

lnscr. 4 1 6. Scale I : 20.

AT I CA f\/ H e PA OY A O Y

I f\ lnscr. 4 1 6 1 •

Scale I : 20.

Ti:Ac E:- X 0 c AY e oy E T 7 L

lnscr. 41 7 . Scale I : 20.

4 I 4. STELE. A broken stele found In the debris In the apse of the " Double Church" ; see Div . I I . A. 3 , p . 1 79 . No. 2 6 3 was found in this same church . Height 3 5-39 cm . ; width 20-2 6 cm. The face is well ,finished. Height of letters, which are shallow and sometimes indistinct, 5-8 cm .

k'l0; AaaO'o[u] [il-r(C;>1I) et '. 1. e .

" ijag, (son) of Asad or A/ad.

On A"Ior; see no. 3 5 2 . AaaO'o; occurs in no. 8 5 and frequently elsewhere .

4 1 5 · STELE. Found near the north portal of the " Double Church", and near no . 2 84. Height 7 1 -74 cm. ; width 3 2-3 7 cm. The face is half finished . Height of letters, which are deeply cut, 71/2- 1 3 cm.

MopEa Baaaou h( Wy) �/. 1. e� Muraz'Ja, (daughter) of Bassus or Basa ) (Bas }

MopEa IS the same as l\1opEaey), which occurs in nos. 2 94 a'nd 3 2 8 .

4 1 6. STELE. Lying in the arched vestibule which adjoins the "Double Church" . Height 5 3-5 8 Cln . ; width 3 7 cm. The face is smooth but covered with lichen . Height of letters 5 1/2-8i/2 cm.

lVloatpa; Tatapou . 1 . e. Mughazyz'r, (son) of Taz'yar.

Owing to the condition of the stone the reading of the first name should be considered as possible rather than certain . On the nan1e see no. 347 . Taulpo; does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions .

Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expe ditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pte 3 . 26


4 I 6 1. STELE. Found lying on the ground in the courtyard immediately south of the " Double Church". Height 7 1 cm. ; width at the top 3 2 cm . , at the base 26 cm . The base of the stele has been brQken off. The face is well finished. Height of letters 61/2- 1 01/2 cm. Copied by Mr. Butler in 1 909 .

AnaavY)� PaOlJaOlJ i:r:wv . . i. e . cAtz'san, (son) of Rawa/f.

For the names see nos. 3 7 2 and 2 76 respectively.

4 1 7 . STELE. Found in an open space northeast of a mound which is close to the " Double Church" . Height 66-7 1 cm. ; width 30 cm. The face is fairly well finished . There is an incised line above and below the first row of letters. . Height of

In::;er. 4 1 �. Scale I : 20.

MaacXo; AlJ60lJ h( wv) ;'. 1 . e . Masz"k, (son) of Gha�tth .

XAY� 0 ( 6 A l\ O Y F T

Inser. '1-1 9. Scale I : 20.

BA P e l C I ,, 0 V A N E � A S A N O V K A I Inser. 420.

Scale I : 20.

N A ,L\IT' P O C B �I I\ H /\ 0 '(

Inser. 4 2 I . Scale I : 20.


4 1 8 . STELE. Foun) in debris in a ruined house situated northeast of the same lTIound. Height 85 cm . ; width 3 1 1/2 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 61/2- 1 0 cm.

The name Xi),W:I occurs also in no . 300.

4 1 9 . STELE. U sed as a corbel in a hOllse situated north of the same mound. The stone is in the south wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 49 cm. ; width 4 1 cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 9- 10 cm.

XalJp.o� �ad'clJ £1'( (1)) • • 1 . e . Ka) umnzz"ki, (son ) of Dad.

XalJp.o� does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions. The name means 'like his mother ' , cf. Xap.w�, Kacanunz"hZ" (�like his uncle ' ) , in no. 349.

420 . STELE. U sed as a corbel i n the same wall . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 45 cm . ; width 301/2 cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height of letters 5-81/2 cm.

Umm idj -Dj imal. 1 97

D.a.ea.vor;, if this be the correct reading, may represent an Arabic name Dath�an. It recalls also the Biblical D..aedv, Num. XVI . Possibly we should read D.a(�)a.votJ , Arabic Dhahban, a name which occurs in Wad. 207 1 = A.A .E.S. III 3 9 2 .

4 2 I . STELE. Used as a corbel i n the same wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 46 cm. ; width 30 cm. The face is well finished. Height of letters 41/').-7 cm.

Na.p.SpOi B [Y}]AY}AOU .

On Na.p.spor; see no. 42 5 . We have been puzzled by the second name, of which we know no other instance. It may contain as the first element Bel (B�AOr;), which occurs as a component part of other names found in Syrian inscriptions ; e. g. BY}AW�Or; R.A . O. I ( 1 888) , p. 2 2 , no. 44 = V.A .S. p. 2 1 1 , no. 1 04 (from Ham in the Antilebanon) ; BcA�a.�Or; ,Wad. 2 5 5 7e (from Kefr-Kouk) ; BcSAta.�Or; Clermont-Ganneau, R.A . O. II ( 1 898) , p. 64, and Brlinnow P.A . II , p. 247 .

4 2 2 . STELE. U sed as a corbel in the same wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 49 cm . ; width 2 7-3 I cm. The face is rough. Height of letters 7-9 cm .

. Aaou p.a.eY} 8tY} p.ou. 1 . e . CA�umat, (daughter) of Tiyaim.

Aaoup.aeY} is new in Greek inscriptions ; it seems to occur also In no. 4 2 3 . GtYJp.or; IS elsewhere written 8ta.tp.or; . or Gtep.or; ; see no. I I I .


o VA � A {\o Y I !\oV C - /(


C A b. A. a O C N A ME P a 'I Inscr. 4 2 5 .

Scale I : 20.

¢ A C. H 1 /\ : A f< P A 8. 0 Y E T

1< � ltullr_-'I'f'--'-_· Inscr. 426. Scale I : 20.


4 2 3 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the west wall of the same house. The right side of the stone is covered by a cross-slab which could not be removed and which almost entirely concealed the letters beneath it. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 46 cm. ; width of visible portion 3 6 cm. at top, 2 6 cnl . at base. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters, which are deep and irregular, 8- 1 0 cm .

AO'o ['Jp.]aeY} [r]sv [w]'J (?) i['t']wv • • The first name is probably AO'o'Jp.a8y), which occurs in no. 42 2 . There are several

possibilities in the restoration of the second name. rsvcOS occurs in Wad. 2 5 6 I a .

424. STELE. Lying on the ground in the same house. Height 1 . 2 3 m. ; width 30 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished , the lower part is unfinished. Height of letters, which are merely scratched, 6- 1 01/2 cm . (0 in line I 31/2 cm .).

O'Ja�aAO'J I( v )O'J (d)'t'( wv) x' . 1 . e. of Wahb-ailcth, (son) of CIn.

42 5 . STELE. U sed as a corbel i n the north wall of the same house. The lower part is concealed by cross-slabs . Height of the visible portion 34 cm. at the left edge, 2 9 cm. at the right edge ; width 30 cm. The face is half finished. Height of letters 5-61/2 cm .

'1.ad'a8os N ap.cpo'J . . . . 1. e. SaCdat, (son) of Namz'r.

'1.ad'a8os appears as '1.ad'd'aeos in Wad . 2044. Nap.cpos occurs also In no. 42 I and In Wad. 1 9 84.

4 2 6 . STELE. Found on a Bedawin grave east of the church found (the " Cathedral") . The base is buried in the ground. ground 5 8 cm. ; width 2 8-30 cm. The face is fairly well finished. rounded. Height of letters 61/2-81/2 cm .

aO'�tA Axpa�o'J h( (;)')) xd" . 1. e . Fa fa leI, (daughter) of cA�rab .

where no. 2 60 was Height above the The top is slightly

On \l>aO'�l)\ (aj'�SAI7) see no. 2 1 0. According to Littmann 's field-note!:?, although there may have been a very shallow and finely cut H after A in line 2 , there is no trace of the letter or sign of obliteration . All other letters are deeply carved. Hence it is probable that the Semitic name has been transcribed closely, without the usual Greek ending. For analogous instances see nos. 92 and 3 7 5 .

4 2 7 . STELE. In a room of a hOlfse northeast of the so-called " Church o f N umerianus" (see no. 2 5 7) . Nos. 2 7 3 and 4 1 3 were also found in this house . The stone was lying face downward behind a large lintel . Height 1 . 2 6 m. ; width 2 6 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part half finished. The letters of the inscription are very shallow. Height of the inscription 44 cm . Height of letters 1 01/2- 1 4 cm.

A�c��aeY} . i . e. .flabzbat.

On the name see nos. I 1 9 and 2 90.

A X H Z O M E Po y E T N



Umm idj-Dj i mal


C o X N A B

A 6 . P I A N a E T I �

lnser. 43 I . Scale I : 20.

199

o P E ( a c

' C E E T IT


4 2 8 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in the same room. Height 7 I cm. ; width 34 cm. The top has apparently been cut off. The face ' is rough. The letters are quite shallow. Height of letters 81/2- 1 01/2 cm.

McxacxXY) ZOp.EPOlJ ir( �1J) 1J' .

1. e. Masak, (daughter) of Zumaz'r. For McxaGl:Xy) see the note on Mo:aGl:Xo; i n no. 3 6 2 . ZOfLEpO� does not seem to occur

elsewhere .

4 2 9 . STELE. Used as a cross-slab in the roof of the same room. The ends are concealed by the corbels which support the slab. I-Ieight of the visible portion 38 cm. ; width 2 6-2 7 cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height of letters 5-91/2 cm.

Pa�o� laro[u ]pou h( 6.W) • •

1 . e . Rabb, (son) of Yatur. On the names see nos. 1 5 9 and 3 1 6 respectively.

430. STELE. Found in a house fronting on the open space east of the " Cathedral" (see no . 2 60) . The stele was lying in a room. on the south side of the house. It was found broken into two pieces ; the upper portion (fragment A) was in the debris on the ground, the lower (fragment B) among the ruins of the wall . Height of fragment A

49 cm. at the left edge, 3 6 cm. at the right, of fragment B 8 7 cm. at the left edge, I m. at the righ t ; width 3 21/2 cm. The upper part of the face of the stele is well fin ished, the lower part is rough. The top is rounded. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

Ax.pa�Y) 11JOU Er(})1J ),' . 1. e. eA�rab, (daughter) of eln .

On A xpa�Y) see no . 30 1 .

43 I . STELE. Found in the same room . The lower portion of the slab is buried In the ruins. The . right edge seems to have been somewhat cut down or broken off.


\Vidth 2 8 cm. Height of the inscription 50 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 61/2-7 cm. ; height of S in 1. 5 , 91/2 cm.

'20Xcvaer; cAcJptavou h((;J1)) tc;-'. i . e. Sukainat, (daughter) of Hadrz'anus.

We have found no other instance of '20Xcvaey} . Lidzbarski has proposed (Eph. II, p. 3 3 3) to read '20xr;vo(s) Evou in an inscription from is-SummaJ5-Iyat, M.S.M. p. 286, no. , 1 39 = our no. 79 , where MM. Dussaud and Mader read 'i0XY} Nocvou. However, in our copy the seventh letter is 8, not E, and we have accordingly read '2oxr; Noevou. '2.0xr; and LOXatCts ('20xcar;s), found in C.I. G. 4505 = Wad. 2 6 1 5 , are perhaps to be regarded as hypocoristic forms derived from the same root as "i.0Xcvaer; .

43 2 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in the same house. Height at the left edge 80 cm. , at the right 7 3 cm. ; width 2 2 1/2-2 6 cm. The face is half finished. Height of letters 81/2- 1 0 cm.

Opcao; Lc[ ou] h( &v) re' . 1. e. /furais, (son) of Sna't.

The name OpevO; IS found also in no . 464, and in the form Opr;O'os in no . 395 .


)-{ 0 E I e D C A N A M 0 Y lnse)". 434.

Scale I : 20. lnser. 4 3 5 .

Scale I : 2 0 . Inser. 436.

Scale I : 2 0 .

( E 0 Y H P o C E T /,-,

Inser. 437. Scale 1 : 20 .

43 3 . STELE . U sed as a ' corbel in the north wall of the same room. The top of the slab has been broken off, and the left edge cut down. Height from the top of the fragment to the bottom of the inscription 4 1 cm. ; width 2 2 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 61/2-9 cm.

Probably to be read :

• • • • Y} A[a]acJou [ilr(cJv) . . 1 . e . . . . . e , (daughter) of Asad (or A/ad) .

On AaacJos see no. 8 5 .

434 . STELE . Used as a corbel in one of the south rooms of the same house. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 43 cm . ; width 36 cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height of letters 61/2-71/c1. cm.

Mocteo; A lIap.ou • • 1 . e. .llfughZlh, (son) of AnCam.

On MOcteoS see ·no. 1 2 9 .

43 5 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same wall . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 60 cm. ; width 3 2 cm. The top is sl ightly rounded. The face is half

Umm idj-Dj imal 20 1

finished. Below 1. 4 there IS an incised line extending across the face. Height of letters 8-91/2 cm .

MCl.esCI.$y} K(l.I1{vv dt( c;)y) 'IT'.

M(l.es(I.$y} , Arabic Mattat, is found also in no. 45 6 ; similar masculine forms occur, M(l.esw� in C.I. G. 45 5 9 = Wad. 24 1 3 k == I. G.R. III 1 1 30, and C.I. G. 4608 == \iVad. 2 3 7 2 = I G.R. III 1 2 3 7 = A . A .E.S. III 4 2 7 a , and M(J.e�o� in C.I G. 45 9 3 = Wad 2 5 46 a. The form K(l.l1w; occurs also in Wad . 2070 a and M.S.M. p . 2 46, no. 20 . I t may represent an Arabic {(att or {(a�zy, as K(l.l1aQ� in no. 1 40, but it is probably an attempt to transliterate the Roman Cassius, which is similarly spelled in Wad. 2 2 3 7 .

4 3 6 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the wall of the south room of the same house· The stone is high up in the wall. Height from the wall to the top of the stele 40 cm. ; width 3 3 cm . The face i s fairly well . finished. The top i s rounded. Height of letters 7-8 1/2 cm.

M(l.p.o; AY • • • • 1 . e. Marna, (son) of An . . . .

Mo.:p.o; seems to be another fornl of Map.CI.�, known as the name of a . priest in the city of Dara in Mesopotamia who led a revolt against a local tyrant in 5 3 3 A.D. (Procopius. Bell. Pers. I , 2 6 , 8) . It was also the name of a Cappadocian martyr (Sozomenus, H.E. v 2 ) , and it is probably to be read in an inscription from Galatia, C.I G. 4 I 4 2 . The feminine Manzaea (MCl.p.o.:[a) , the name of the mother of Severus Alexander, is probably a kindred form . Since Map.Q; is undoubtedly a man's name, this stele , like nos. 400 and 5 1 I , is an exception to the rule that rounded stelae were used only for the graves of women . But a name like Map.o� is properly a nursery-name ; and this Ma(1.o� died probably as a small boy. AQ'!YY}o� (no . 400) died two years old, Ol1sd'o� (no . 5 1 I ) died five years old . Rounded stelae for boys may , therefore , be considered as " hypocoristica" .

43 7 . STELE. U sed as a corbel in the wall of the north room of the same house. The stone is high up in the wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 3 7 cm. ; width 2 71/2-2 91/2 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm.

[ fA A M O e E E )v\ A 9 0 Y Inscr. 438.

Scale I : 20. Inscr. 439.

Scale I : 20.

L.�OvYjpo� it( WY) p.' .


e A P c r rA Yd E �I T I

[ t T M E

Inscr: 44 1 . Scale I : 20.

A I( P A B O C M A l ' f...A O C

E T /\


202 Division III Section A Part ' 3

438 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same wall. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 44 cm. ; width 3 3 cm. The face is fairly well finished . There is an incised line extending across the face above the inscription. The letters are shallow and rather indistinct. f-Ieight of letters 61/2-7 cm.

(J.fLo� El1fL(l.eClJ . . . . (son) ;j CI�mat.

The letters in the upper left corner are especially indistinct . Possible restorations of the name are A'Y]f1-(l.fL0';, Agnzam, found in M.N.D.P.- V. 1 899 , p . 86, no. 5 I = P.A. III , p . 204, no . ' 1 9 , A tp,(l.,uO;, or Av] A(J.fLo� .

According to Littmann 's field-notes ' the letters at the beginning of line 3 are to be read E C rather than C E . Ev,u(J.eo� is not found elsewhere.

439 . STELE. Found lying in the debris in the same house, near nos. 430-43 2 . The upper right corner of the slab has been broken off. Height 66 cm . ; width 36 cm. ; at the top, where the corner has been broken off, 2 3 cm . The face i s well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 5 1/2-61/2 cm.

OVEr 1.1 ] o� 2 [ (l. ]XOlJO [U] ir(wy) 9(l.'. 1 . �. .l[ttnain, (son) of Shakulf.

For the names see nos. 3 90 and 2 94 respectively.

440 . STELE. Found in the ruins of a wall in a house in the eastern part of the city, near the southern end ( " House no . XIX

", Div. I I . A . 3 , p . 1 96) . Height I . I I m. ;

width 2 9 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part IS rough. The top is rounded. Height of letters 8- 1 2 em .

BE�E� M 011 AEfLoU ir( (;)'J ) x' . i . e'. Bebaia (?) , (daughter) of Musli1n .

We know of no other instance of the name B2�E� ; it is probably an attempt at the Greek name Be�(l.{(l.. BE�(J.WY occurs as a woman's name in an Athenian inscription, I. G. III 3046, and BE�(l.W� is the name of a Sicilian, mentioned in an Oropian inscription , I. G. VII 420. For MovAEp.O£ see no. 1 1 9 .

44 1 . STELE. Found i n the rums of a wall near the same house. Height 77 cm . ; width 2 9 cm. The face i s half finished. There i s an incised line extending across the face between 11 . 5 and 6. Height of letters 6-9 cm.

8rJ.pv� r(l.1)O'i'Jn� h( 61Y) fLE' . 1 . e . Gaudentitts.

Similarly ZE')6�� occurs after erJ.pv� in no . 5 1 7 . The fornl seems to be an attempt at the vocative. However, perhaps r(J.UO'El.In(E) should be read, since the C in edpn is rounded, and E is found throughout the inscription in the quare form . 'On the other hand, the ending -W£ is very often shortened into - t£.

Umm idj-Dj imal 203

442 • STELE . Found in the ruins of the same wall, close to no. 44 1 . Height 7 I cm. at the left edge; 96 cm. at the right ; width 2 8 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part half finished. Height of the inscription 40 cm . Height of letters 5 1/2-6 cm.

AlCpa�o; M rX;t,u.o; iT( 6YJ) )..' . 1 . e. cA�rab, (son of) .I.Waxz'mus.

For AxpCl.�o; see the note on Axpa�Y] in no. 30 I .

O/\ A C O C A C E M O Y E T w

I\ E


{1 / b H O H . p O y p

J\


Inser. 445 . Scale I : 20.

N I N A t\ A Z I M O Y E T A


A C A 6. � Q C I � o y E T N

i


.-

443 . STELE. Found in the ruins of the same wall , a short distance north of nos. 44 1 and 442 . Height 1 .091/2 m. ; width 301/2 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of the inscription 441/2 �m. The letters are deeply cut and clear. Height of letters 51/2-7 cm.

OACl.O'O; AO'ep.OlJ £TW( 1.1) ),e' . 1. e. Khula.r (?) , (son) of cA�£m.

The form O)..aO'oS' does not seem to occur elsewhere, but the similar names O)..woS' . and nAeO'OS' are found in nos. 3 1 4 and 8 I respectively. AO'ep..oS' occurs also in no. 2 84.

444 . STELE. In a building immediately east of the church in the southeastern corner of the town which has been designated as the "Southeast Church" ; see Div. II . A . 3 , p. 1 7 7 . The stele forms part of the landing in a stairway ; the base is built into the wall . Height from the wall to the top of the slab 7 8 cm. ; width 2 7-3 2 cm. The face is fairly well fin ished . Height of the inscription 5 I cm . The letters are deeply cut and clear. Height of letters 81/2- 1 0 cm .

AtoY] 'O-hpOlJ ��(Wl.l) )..'. Probably , cA�z'dha, (daughter) of Verzts.

The form AtO'n does not occur elsewhere, as far as we know, but the similar masculine AeO'oS' is common (see no. 3 74), and the kindred name AtO'Cl.vos; CAz'dhan) is found in no. 46.

445 . STELE. Found lying on the top of a wall directly north of no. 24 2 . The Publieation� of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pt. 3 · 2 7


base has been broken off. Height 7 6 cm. ; width 3 8 cm. The face is half finished. At the top of the face is a conventional wreath. Height of the inscription 60 cm . The letters are deeply cut and clear. Height of letters 9 1/2� l l l/2 cm.

AuO'� rop.cP.OlJ i-r((j1Y) � (c)'. 1. e. For Aud, (son) 01 Gumaz"m.

The forn1 AuO'o; does not seem to occur elsewhere , but AuO'Y}; i s found on a stele from Derca (M.N.D.P.- V. 1 8 99 , p . 60, no . 2 8) and the feminine AuO',!) is very common. We know of no other certain example of rop.ep.O;, but it seems not improbable that the name is to be restored on a fragment of a stele from Kharaba, M.S.M. p. 2 9 I , no. 1 5 9 , where M M. Dussaud and Macler read r 0 A //// E M o e (interpreted as Ghztlaz"Yz"7n by Lidzbarski, , Eph. II, p. 3 3 3) .

446 . no. 444) .

STELE. Found In the wall of the portico of the " Southeast Church" (see Height 60 cm. ; width 3 3 cm. Height of letters 7-81/), cm .

N {YCI. ry.rCl.sil'.ou h( Wli) �/ . NiyCI. is evidently the feminine form ,of the Latin Nz"nus, (Greek NiYo;) , which

occurs In C.l.L. II 49 70 346, IV 2 3 3 6 , and VII 1 3 34 13.

447 . STELE. Found i n a large house in the eastern part of the city. The stone has been used to block up a doorway, and faces west. Height 94 cm. ; width 3 5 cm. The face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height

f 1 1/ 1/' o etters 5 2-7 2 cm . A(JCl.O'o; I YOU h'( Wli) v' . 1 . e . Asad or A/ad, (son) ol cIn.

On the name A(jCl.O'o; see no. 8 5 .

K PO PA C O Y A a Y E LU N O


Jnser. 449. Scale I : 20.

E I TP A E3 HA M P O v


r--- -P O C A O YA 8 o C C O !\ A I ).-{

O Y ---Inser. 45 1 .

Scale I : 20.

/A OY 'l L O C Inser. 45 2 .

Scale I : 20.

448 . STELE. Used as the jalnb of a door In the same house. The stone is south of no . 447 and faces east. Height 66-68 cm. ; width 3 I cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 61/2- 1 01/2 cm.

Umm idj-Dj imal

Hpo; Po.:O'o.:01Jo.:e01J hci)y 0'. 1. e . Kha£r, ' (son) of' Ra�wat.

205

For Hpo; see no. 3 30. We have restored the name Po.:O'o.:01Jo.:eo; in no. 308. The name is also found in nos. 45 I , 458 , 467 , 49 1-49 3 . On the kindred form Po.:O'01Jo.: see no . 3 6 1 .

449 · L 1 61/2 m . ; is rough.

STELE . U sed as a corbel in the second story of the same house. Height width 3 1-3 3 cm . The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part Height of letters 5-9 cm.

A1J�Y] A(Jo.:�o1J £1'((;)1)) p.c' . 1 . e . Aud, (daughter) of Asad or A/ad.

On the name A(J(l�C; see no. 8 5 .

450 . STELE. Used as a corbel i n the second story o f the same house. Height 1 .09 m. ; width 3 8-39 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters i/2- I O cm.

E�1'po.:eY] Ap.po1J . 1 . e. . CItra t, (daughter) of )Amr or CAnzr.

E�1'po.:eY] occurs in the form Irpo.:eY] in no. 3 3 9 .

45 I . STELE. U sed as a corbel i n the same house. The stone is north o f nos. 449 and 450 and in the same row. Height 69-7 5 cm . ; width 3 7 cm . The face is well finished . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters, which are deeply cut, 71/2-9 cm .

PO(J(101Jo.:eo; 2.0Ao.:�P.01J • • • •

1 . e. Ra�wat, (son) of Sula£m. On the names see nos. 448 and 209 respectively.

45 2 . STELE. Used as a corbel in the same house. The stone is north of nos. 449 and 450 and in the same row. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 2 5 cm. ; width 3 3 cm . The face is well finished. Height of letters 9 cm.

ITO B E J O CT I nser. 4 5 3 .

Scale I : 20. Inser. 454. Scale I : 20.

A01J��o; • • • •

1 . e. cAwzdh.

B A C e O ( M A � I M a y E T I �

Inser. 4 5 5 . Scale I : 20.

N A G E A 8 H e E, )..J. A 1\ I\ O Y ETA r


9 E: AE (E.O'(. A O Y i TA

H

Inser. 4 5 7 . Scale I : 20.

4 5 3 . STELE. Used as a corbel ' in · the same house. The stone is north of nos. 449 and 450 and in the same row. Height from , the wall to the top of the slab 2 5 cm. ; width 34 cm. The face is well finished . Height of letters 6-91/2 cm .

O-n the name see no. 1 6 7 .

To�£O� T . . . ' . . . . 1 . e. Thubaiy.

454. STELE. The stone once formed the first step in the stairway described in no. 390, but is now lying on the ground near by. Height 70-74 cm. ; width 2 8-3 5 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 8- 1 1 1/2 cm.

B6y}eos Bduuot) E-r( r;)'J) t�' • On the names see nos. 1 9 7 and 2 8 1 -2 8 2 respectively.

45 5 . STELE. Used as the second step in the same stairway. Height from the wall to the top of the slab 6 7 cm . ; width 4 1 cm . The face is well finished. Height

. of letters 61/2- 1 01/2 cm. (� 1 2 cm.) .

Bduaos MaC;{fLou E-r(&>Y) �;-' .

4 5 6 . STELE. Found in the rums of a wall in a house situated a little northwestof " House no. XVIII" , and facing an open space. Height 7 5 cm . ; width 2 7 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished . The letters are deeply cut. Height of letters 7-81/2 cm.

MaeEaey} 8Ep.a.AAOU €-r( r;)y) A '\/. 1. e . Mattat, (daughter) of Tai'm-allah.

On MaeEaey} see no. 43 5 . For 8EfL(J.AAOS see no. 3 1 8 and references there cited.

45 7 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in the eastern part of the city, north of the East Gate , and near the northeastern corner of " House no . XVIII" . Height 1 .02 m. ; width 3 1-3 7 cm. The letters are not regularly incised, but merely scratched on the surface of the slab . Height of letters 8- 1 1 cm.

M[(J.]eeAY} �EOU(J.d'OU h(r;)y) Ar/ . 1: e. Math-Jel, (daughter) of Sa wad.

We hp,ve restored Ma9cAY} =.:= Math-Jel, on the analogy of such names as M(J.e�(J.�c(J. = M;ath-BabaiJ and M (J.e,,/(J. = Math-Ga' ; see no. 5 I 2 . The element Jel is, of course, properly written -y}A, as for example, AVVY}AO� (Hann-Jel) in no . 2 2 I , and AU�Y}Aos C Audh-Jel) in no . 1 60 ;

-"but the spelling -eA occurs

' also, as in M(J.I'(z�EAO� (Magadjel) in no. 3 7 I ,

and especially in (J.uy}EAy} (Fa�atel) i n nos. 5 7 , 3 7 2 , and 3 8 3 - O n L€Oua�o� see no. 297 ·

P A C A O V A 8 0 C c.. E 0 V H ? O 'l


H p 'O C I A /\ 0 6 0 ' Y E T I H


Umm idj-Dj imal

A

opA. Ao e E- T J\ B

Inser. 460. S-eale I : 20.

Inser. 46 1 . ( Scale I : 20.

207

A fJ..A O Y A p o c C A '<

B o y


4 5 8 . STELE. Found in a house situated near the east wall of the city, east of " H ouse no. XVIII" . The stone is used as a step in a stairway which is in the second story and faces west. Height of visible portion 88 cm. ; width 3 5 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. H eight of letters 5-8 cm.

PaO'aouaeo� zcou� pou . On PaO'aouaeo�, Arabic Ra�wat, see no. 448.

4 5 9 . STELE. Used as a step in the same stairway. Height of stone 1 . 45 m . ; width 3 9 crn . The upper part of the face IS well finished , the lower part is rough. Height of letters 8- I 0 cm.

Hpo� IaAod'ou i"t'( wv) ty}'. 1 . e. Khair, (son) of Yakhlitd.

For other examples of the names see nos. 3 30 and 3 4 6 respectively.

460. STELE. Found in the same house, in a small modern enClosure inside the courtyard. The stone has been broken into two fragments which lay on the ground ben eath no. ' 4 5 8 . l"leight of frag. A 7 I cm . ; height of frag. B 63 cm. ; width 28 cm . The face of A is finished ; the face of B is rough , Height of letters 7 1/2-1 2 cm.

OpaAo� h:( wv) A�/. 1 . e. Waral.

We have found no other instance of Opa),os, but the dimin utive form OpafAo� occurs I n no. 3 0 6 .

46 1 . STELE • . Found in th e same group o f buildings. T h e stone lay i n the debris of the wall that separates the courtyard of the house from the next courtyard on the


west. Height 6 1-67 cm. ; width 2 3-2 8 cm. The rows of letters are separated by lines scratched on the face. The surface i s rough. Height of letters 81/2- 1 2 cm.

AnpQ E't'(cJV) x' .

The name is possibly the equivalent of the Arabic CA!£r, but the form is not found elsewhere. The feminine form A't'p"I) , which occurs in nos. 2 8 3 and 479 , is probably the Arabic JA tr.

46 2 . STELE. Stele broken into two fragments, found in the same group of buildings. Frag. A was found on the ground in the courtyard, frag. B in the staircase above. Height of frag. A 2 5-3 5 cm. ; height of frag. B from wall to the top of the slab 38-46 cm. ; width 30 cm. Height of letters 6-8 cm .

N aouccpo; �O:UCiO:O'Ou . 1 . e . Nawar, (son) of Sawad.

We have found no other instance of Naouccpo;. �o:uoo:O'o; is the same as �eoUo.:60� In no . 2 9 7 ; see also �o:uouO:O' [O:] V"IJ;, M.S.M. p. 2 5 I , no. 2 9 , and �ccuo.:O'O:')(ju Wad. 2 5 37a.

Z E 6 AI\ A c o y l1 0 y


A cp l /\ /\ A O P E e O Y E T

I H

Insel" 464. Scale I : 20.

Inser. 465 . Scale I : 2 0 .

!ill N H I

E T t

� Inser. 466.

Scale I : 20. Inser. 467.

Scale I : 20.

463 . STELE. Found in the same group of buildings. The stone lay in the debris in the northwest room. Height 1 . 1 8 m . ; width 2 5-2 8 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of letters 7- 1 I cm.

Zc.O'o:ACC; OuO'ou . 1 . e. Za£d-allah, (son) of Hud(?) .

The name Z£O'O:AO:; is a compound similar to eo.:tP.CCAAo:;, A�O'O:AAa; et cet. Zo.:(O'o� occurs In P.E.F. 1 8 95 , p. 34g , no. 1 69 and the form 2£0'0; in our no. 2 20. We have found no other instance of OuO'o;.

464. STELE . Found in the same group of buildings. The stone lay in debris in the room immediately west of that in which no. 463 was found. Height 1 . 2 2 1/2 m . ; width 2 71/2-3 2 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part

Umm idj -Dj imal 209

is rough . The first four rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 61/2- 1 0 cm.

A��AAa Op2aov E,!( cJv) ty}'. 1. e. lfajila (?) , (son) oj lfurais.

A�(AAa is akin to A�tAa�o; in no . 303 . It is uncertain whether the name is to be connected with ArpcAAOV , found in an inscription published by l\1usil in Anz. d. phil.kist. Kl. d. Wiener Akad. 1 907 , p. 1 3 7 , no . 2 , or A�Y}A(l; in M.S.M. p. 2 96 , no. 1 69 . On Opcao; see no . 4 3 2 .

465 . STELE . Found I n See Div. I I . A . 3 , p. 1 7 7 · Height of letters 61/2- 1 3 cm.

the debris a little to the south of the " East Church" . Height 1 . 2 4 m . ; width 1 4-2 3 cm. The face is rough .

AO'rpY}; �"CcJv Aa'. We know of no Arabic name of which this might be the equivalent. It may

possibly be a Greek name, to be connected with " Aarpa, A then. XIII 5 8 3 e and 'Aa-rp[;, Nonnus XVII, 2 8 2 et cet.

466 . STELE. width 2 8-30 cm. 81/2-91/2 cm.

Found less than two metres distant from no. 465 . The upper part o f the face i s fairly well finished.

AO'vy} h( cJv) x'

.

The name Aavy} , Arabic lfasna, is akin to OavY} In no . 1 7 9 .

Height 70-75 cm . ; Ifeight o f letters

467 . STELE. Found in the debris a few paces southwest of the " East Church" ; see no . 465 . The stone has been cut into the form of a lintel . Height 1 . 2 7 m. ; width 3 2 cm. The face is fairly well finished . At the top of the stone is a conventional wreath. Height of letters 6-71/2 cm.

P]aO'CI.[o]va[e]o; I [a"C]ov [p]QV [ir]cJv A'. 1 . e. Ra�wat, (son) oj Ya(ur.

·

On PaaaovCl.eo; see no. 448, on Iarovpo; no. 3 1 6 .

H P O, C M A C E X O,Y E T 1 8


tA C H E 1\ H e o j.{A k 0


A '\ }-\O, E T

� lnser. 470. Scale I : 2 0.

A P E 0 6 E )�iili1:.nr r O C N A 8 A \( P O C

ET A B oY Z lnser. 4 7 1 . Inser. 4 7 2 . Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

2 1 0 Di vision III Section A Part 3

468 . STELE. Found beside no . 467 . Height 1 . 2 7 m. ; width 2 5-34 cm. The face is fairly well finished, but covered with lichen. Height of letters i/2-9 cm .

Hpo� MaacXou i"C'(�'.J) te'. 1 . e. Kha£r, (son) of Mas£k.

, On the name Hpo� see no . 3 30.

469 . STELE: Found on the ground east of the apse of the " East Church"; see no. 465 . Height 36-49 cm. ; width 30 cm. The face is fairly well finished, Height of letters 61/2- 1 0 cm.

aay}EAy} 2.op.axou . . . 1. e. Fa,�a£'el, (daughter) of S�tnzak .

On the names see nos. 2 1 0 and 3 5 5 respect�vely.

470. STELE. Found in the same church, on top of the rUIns of the north wall. Height 5 9-60 cm. ; width 2 9-30 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 8- 1 I cm.

47 I . STELE. Found inside the same church , lying on the ground near the north wall . Height 64 cm. ; width 3 I cm. The face is fairly well finished . Height of letters 7- 1 0 cm.

Apc10� Axpa�ou . 1. e . Khar£g, (son) of cA�rab.

On the names see nos. 30 and 30 1 respectively.

47 2 . STELE. Found near no. 47 I . Height 5 6 cm. ; width 2 6-2 7 cm. The face IS fairly well finished. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

Od'c'.Jaeo� i"C( �'.J) �/ . 1. e. U dha£nat.

The name is usually found in the form Od'atvaeo�, as In no. 3 24 .

r o y P E '(

c a e K H

.. � . . . . ," . '/ ' , " .' ':. ;. . ;. ,of" : .; " . ,: lnser. 473 .

Scale I : 20. lnser. 474.

Scale I : 20. Insel" 475 .

Scale I : 20 . Inser. 476.

'Scale I : 20.

S o c M. AC E X o y E T I E.

Inser. 477 . Seale I : 20.

U mm idj-Dj imal. 2 I I

473 . STELE. Found in the same church, inside the west wall. Height 1 . 2 8 m . ; width 2 8 cm . The upper part is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. There IS an i ncised line between 11. 3 and 4� Height of le.tters 7-1 01/2 cm .

fotJPwO'o; (drci1Y) XY)'.

We have found no other example of the name. It may represent an Arabic original Gurais.

474. STELE. Found lying on the ground in a room immediately south of the portico of the same church. The top of the slab has been broken off. Height 74 cm. ; width 2 8 cm. The upper p art of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. H eight of letters i/z- 10 cm.

AYta�Y) dT( ci)y) rre'. 1 . e. Anyab.

The masculine form A'.ita�o; is probably to be restored In no . 477 , but the name does not seem to occur elsewhere .

47 5 . STELE. A fragment of a . stele found lying on the ground in a room immediately south of the room i n which no. 474 was found. The upper portion of the stele could not be found. Height of this fragment 7 3 cm . ; width 2 8 cm. The face is half finished. Height of letters 1 0 cnl .

These letters are probably t o be interpreted a s the vocative o f a name ending i n -pw;, following edp(Jt , or some such expression .

476. STELE. Found in the co urt of the cloister south of the same church . Height 7 3 cm. ; width 2 4 cm. The face is fairly well finished ; the base is badly chipped. Height of letters 5-9 cm.

Oua�;Aa; A�)'apo[v] iT(�'.i) . . 1. e. Wahb-allzth, (son) of Abgar.

On the name A�)'apo; see no. I I 2 .

477 . STELE. Found i n the same court, near no. 476 . The top of the slab has been broken off. Height 99 cm. ; width 2 8 cm. The face is well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. H eight of the inscription 45 cm . Height of letters 7-8 cm.

Perhaps to be restored :

� �:��o; MaO'EXCiu h(ci1'.i) tc'.

1. e. Anyab, (son) of Masik.

The feminine form A '.ita�Y) occurs in no. 474. Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria, Div. III, Sec. A, Pt. 3. 28

2 1 2



A T P H 1\ I A N O Y E TK E

8


o c A I oY

·N Z

lo ser. 480. Seale I : 20.

CE 0 YA 6 O C A Yeo Y E T k E:

Inser. 48 1 . Seale I : 20.


478 . STELE. Found built into a wall j ust inside the more northerly of the two gates in the east wall of the city, (the " Northeast Gate") . Height 69 cm. ; width 2 6 cm. The face is fairly well finished ; the upper right corner and the right edge are somewhat chipped . There is an incised line extending across the face below the inscription . Height of letters 8- 1 2 cm.

On the name see no . 1 34.

AOlJ�1i'1} iT( c3v) p' . 1. e. Lubna.

479 . STELE. Found lying in the debris , a few paces northwest of the wall in which no. 4 78 was found. Height 64 cm . ; width at the top 25 cm . ; at the base 32 cm. The upper right corner has been slightly broken. The face is fairly well finished. Height of letters 6-i/2 cm .

ATp'l} '�Awvo0 h(c;)v) xc' . On ATp'l} (A,tr) see no . 2 8 3 . The patronymic is probably for AiAw::v6�, or perhaps

IovAw:v6;.

480. STELE. Found lying in the street in front of the western portal of the church at the north end of the city (the " North Church" ; Div. I I . A. 3 , p . 1 84). The stele has been cut down vertically through the middle, and only the right half could be found. Height I . 1 9 m . ; width 1 9 cm . Height of the inscription 69 cm. Height of letters 7-8 cm. , of A I tn 1. 2 , I 1 - 1 2 cm .

. . 0; [M]oca[c]pOlJ [dT]�V . �/ . 1 . e . (so

'n) of Mughaz"yir.

For the name see no . 347 .

48 1 . STELE. Found in a tomb about 450 metres south of the " Southeast Gate" , the so-called "Tomb no. I " . The stele is standing in the ground on the right side of


the dromos of the tomb. Height above the ground 60 cm. ; width 2 1-2 3 cm. The face is half finished . Height of letters 5-7 cm .

�WU(1.O'o; Au$ou dt( CAl,)) xe' . 1 . e. Sawad, (son) of Ghauth.

On �EOU(1.d'O; see n o . 2 9 7 .

48 2 . STELE. Stan ding i n the ground o n the right side of the dromos of the same tomb. Height above the ground 54 cm . ; wi dth 2 61/2 cm . The face is half finished. The top is roun ded . Height of letters 51r�-8 cm .

B(1.1nava$� Au$QU E"C( CAl,)) x'. 1 . e . Banyanat, (daughter) of Ghauth.

The form Bavtav(1.$� does n ot seem to occur elsewhere, but the kindred Ha')w; (Banz or Banz) is found in a number of inscriptions (see no. 209) .


� A t l \ IV /j P ('; C ( \ � I N


O C E: � A e H C A 8 1 N o

i Y E T }-{ r

........ Inser. 485 .

Seale I : 20.

MA r l M ABEP ( o Y fT N \


H p o c C A H 8 0 VE T M

loser. 487. Seale I : 20.

483 . STELE. Standing in the gro und close to n o . 48 2 , and probably in situ . Height above the ground 5 2 cm. ; width 2 91/2-301/2 cm. The face is fairly well finished. H eight of letters 7- 1 I cm.

Za�O'o; ;\u$ou h(iiJv) A�'. 1. e. Zabd, (son) of Ghauth.

On Za�do; see no. 3 8 5 , where, through a cunous coincidence, the same names occur as here, but in the reverse order.

484. STELE. Found lying in the debris in the dromos of the same tomb. Height 7 6 cm . on the left edge, 70 cm. on the right ; width 2 5-2 71/2 cm. The base of the slab has been broken off. The face is half finished, but badly weathered, and many of the letters are quite indistinct. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 71/2-91/2 cm.

485 . STELE. Found lying on the , ground in a small group of stones a few paces

2 1 4 Division III Section A Part 3 ,

east of the tomb where nos. 48 1 -484 were found. Height 1 . 1 0 m. ; width 2 7-29 cm . The face is well finished . The top is rounded. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 7 1/2-81/2 cm.

OaE�(leY) L.(l�{V01) ir( 6>V) (1:/. 1 . e . Usaz'dat, (daughter) of Sabz"nus.

On the name Oas�aeY) see no. 7 3 . F or the masculine form OQ'(lt�o; see no. 509.

486. STELE. Found lying in the ruins of a tom b situated about 70 m. east of the tomb where nos. 48 1 -484 were found, and designated as "Tomb no. 3" . Height I . i 9 m. ; width 2 3-2 5 cm. The inscribed portion of the face is half finished, the lower part is rough. Height of inscribed portion 5 I cm. Height of letters 61/2-81/2 cm.

Mri.Stp.a BspaolJ E-r(6)v) vc;-'.

Bspao; probably represents an Arabic Bz"rs. We have found no other example of the name.

48 7 . STELE. Found in the rUIns of the same tomb . 2 6-29 cm. The face is rough. Height of the inscription 44 cm.

Height 1 .08 m. ; width Height of letters 5-1 0 cm.

Hpo; �(l[l[E]�01) h(� :J) p.' . 1 . e. Khaz"r, (son) of Sha1nz"t.

On the nam'es see nos. 3 30 and 5 8 respectively.

PAC�� A e o

E I O Y� A c N 0 H \-\ I A AN °Y T o Y r ET /r ° Y E ! r A C A O B 1(/f{:�-;��' ,,') ir (0 f;t";/;:; -( 'f� b 'b1t /� / ' ,/ ' 1r <;, ' �'t2'!/� �:�':�;::1 � 8 ff0J{;}F?u H P W ,t,/ �L--Y� E \ -n; " ) 1C'U. ��;;--\Y�\ ;j H c X '-11-:< - '? /\ \ :r ,,:�

... sI�\,) �9B�1 i , ...;�' ;S , ' -Y' "--:...:.�:-�� ,-� I,IUIIN/f",,,'f/IIIIIIIIIIHIII""''''

Inser. 488. Inser. 489. Inser. 490. Inser. 49 [ . Inser. 492. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20.

488 . STELE. Standing in the ground at the left of the entrance of the tomb which is about 3 2 5 m. south of the south gate of the city, and in which no. 2 7 5 was also found ( " Tomb no. 5 ") . The , stele i s probably in situ . Height above the ground 40 cm. ; width 2 7-3 2 cm . The surface of the stone is naturally smooth but uneven. The letters are not regularly carved, but merely scratched on the surfa'ce. Height of letters 5-7 cm .

489. STELE. Found lying in the debris i n the apse of the church situated outside the east wall of the city. Height I .O I m . ; width 3 7 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The top is slightly rounded . H eight of the in scription 49 cm. Height of l etters 5 1/2-91/2 cm.

A(J'Jop.Y} !a!oupou ire (,}'J) o�'. 1 . e. Asnum, (daughter) of Yafur.

We regard A(J'))op.Yj as akin to the masculine A(J'Jo1)[1-o; which occurs in no. 502 . The Nabataean form occurs as a woman ' s name on a stele from Dmm idj-Djimal ; see Div. IV. Nab. lnscrs . no. 6 5 .

490. STELE. Found i n the room which adj oins the southwest corner o f the same chu rch. Height 1 . 48 m . ; width 20-2 3 cm. The stele seems to have been trim med on both edges, and portions of some of the letters have been cut off. The face is fairly well finished. Height of the 'i nscription 6 3 cm . Height of letters 7-9 cm . ; of y in 1 . 4, 1 3 cm. , of � In 1. 5 , I 1 cm.

2":0£1.[ a ]1(0; 2": a 0'01) d!( cJV) �'. 1 . e. Szt1na�,- (sdn) of SaCd.

On 2.o[1-al(o; see no. 3 5 5 .

4 9 I . STELE. Found lying on the ground just outside the south wall of " Tomb no. 1 3 " . This tomb is situated about 2 40 01 . north northeast of the east angle of the northernmost section of the city-wall . Height I . 3 5 m . ; width 29 cm. The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of the inscri bed portion 74 cm. Height of letters 81/2- 1 3 1/2 cm., of the two letters inserted above 1 . 1 , 41/2-6 cm.

Pa(Jao1)aeO; 'IouA�avou s-r( c.1v) E"i " On Pa(Jao1)aeO; (Ra�wat) see no. 448 .

49 2 . STELE. Standing with base embedded i n the ground inside the sam e tomb . Height above the ground 7 3 cm. ; width , 3 5 cm. Height of the inscribed portion 6 2 cm . Height of letters 7- 1 2 cm .

We regard the marks at scratches on the stone, for the see no. 448 .

' e AM A C A6. AP h . O c fA MbT h PA C AGY A 6 0Y eT O

�

M A P a YETNS t{��1��') . -. �"':\ fC(?� 'T -":: ') ' '" r, Li;. �/j. I •

/J :.- , h -; '. 1 '1) �'- ,( )� C'z:� tl.' >'-1:-:>L. '" '-J

'.L,..,<:::::. . � ",; . .:.....� Inser. 494.

Scale I : 20. In ser. 493.

Scal e I : 20.

Pa(Jao1)aeO; et-rc ).' . 1. e. Raswat.

the end of 1. 2 and between 0 and ( in 1 . 3 as merely name Pa(Jao1)aeO; seems sure from no. 49 3 . On the name

(

<P I A l G C' /( ' (\'\ H E: N E. TTo C I A H Pfl. I( /\ A N A e MApoy �I r E T E T

N _1\_(,,, Inser. 495. Inser. 496. Jnscr. 497-

Scale l : 20. Scale I : 20. Scale I : 20_

2 1 6 Division III Section A Part 3

493 . STELE. Found lying on the ground inside the same tomb. Height at the left edge 94 cm. , at the right edge 90 cm. ; width 2 2-2 5 cm . The face is fairly well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of letters 61/2- 1 1 1/2 cm.

8ap.apY) p.i-rY)(p) Pava01Jae01J £-r( c.}v) 0'. 1. e . Tac1nar, mother of Ra!wat.

On the names see nos. 2 3a and 448 respectively. The name of the son IS used instead of the patronymic in no . 48 also .

Nos. 494-5 1 6 were found in . front of a tomb north of the northernmost section of the city-wall, the so-called " Tomb no . 1 6" ; see Div. I I . A . 3 , p . 209 . Sonle of these stelae were copied by MM. Dussaud and Macler, but others remained unnoticed by them.

494. STELE. Found lying on the ground in front of the tomb and now standing against the wall at the right of the entrance. Height 88 cm. ; width 30 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough. Height of inscription 44 cm. The letters are deeply cut and clear. Height of letters 61/2-81/2 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 283, no. 1 26.

Ava�o; Iap.apo1J i-r(r;j')) v;- ' . 1. e . Asad or A/ad, (son) of' YaCmar.

Ia[J.apo; is found on several stelae from this same tomb, all doubtless belonging to members of the same family, but the name does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions as far as we know. The form 'Ia[J.apa[o� has been restored by ClermontGanneau in Josephus, A .f. XIII I , 2 , § I I , and I , 4, §§ 1 8 and 2 I ; see R.A. 0. II ( 1 898), p . 208 f. The name seems to be akin to Iap.o1Jp i n an inscription now in Beauvais (C.l. G. 64 1 6) , most ' recently published by Seymour de Ricci in R.A . xxxv ( 1 899) , p. 1 1 7 ; see also Clermont-Ganneau , R.A . O. III ( 1 900) , p. 347 ; v ( 1 903) , p . 38 6.

495 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in front of the tomb, and now standing against the wall at the right of the entrance. Height at the left edge 63 cm. , at the right 7 I cm . ; width 1 9-24 cm. The face is fairly well finished. The top is slightly rounded. Height of the inscription 44 cm. The letters are shallow, and difficult to decipher . Height of letters 6-71/2 cm.

C?�x�p.Y) 'HpaxAu· �:( c.}v) "/. If the letters at the upper left corner have been deciphered properly, the name

IS the equivalent of the Arabic Tu�zm ; the Greek form does not occur elsewhere.

496 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of the entrance to the tomb. Height above the ground 6 I cm. ; width 3 2-3 8 cm. Th� face IS rough; The letters are deeply cut. Height of letters 71/2-91/2 cm.

EVEva9Yj i-r(c.)')) v'. EvsilaeYj , Arabic l!anznat, occurs also in no. 5 9 1 .

U mm idj-Dj imal

49 7 · S TELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground near no. 496. above the grou nd 70 cm. ; width 39 cm. The face is fairly well finished. seems to be rounded. H eight of letters 6-91/2 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 283, n o . 1 2 9.

<Pi )\t1trco; Iap.apvu i-r( cJlI) Xe/. 1. e . PhzliPpos, (son) of YaCmar.

2 1 7

I-feight The top

The copy of M M . Dussaud and Macler reads H I A P 0 Y In 1. 3 , and does not inclu de 11. 4 and 5 .

O n Ia[J.apo� see n o . 494.

H P A K !\ A / A M 0 p o c E: -r /4\ Inser. 498. Scale I : 20.

Z A �6.. A ( I A

).{ A P o y E: T)...t

Inset .. 499. Scale I : 20.

I( O Z-E: A e H J-.\ f. W P ETI E


k O Z E A e f-l rA PA ( O y E TO

Inser. SOL Scale I : 20.

N o Y M o YE: T r


498 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of no. 496. Height above the groun d 46 cm . ; width 27 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Th e

letters are shallow. Height of l etters 6-8]/2 cm.

'HpaxAcX la(f1')opo� 8-r(Clv) w.' .

O n Ia[J.opoc;, Arabic Yac1nar, see Ia[J.apoc;, no. 494. 'HpaxAcX is probably for 'HpaxAac;, a spelling which occurs in no . 506 .

499 . STELE . Standing with base embedded in t h e ground behind n o . 498 . Height above the groun d 4 6 cm. ; width 3 0 cm . The face i s well finished . The letters are finely cut. Height of letters 4-71/2 cm .

Dussaud and Mader, M.s.M. p. 2 83, n o . 1 2 8.

Za�dac; Ia[J.apou i-r( �v) £1.'. 1 . e . Zabdzz, (son) of YaCmar.

Line 3 : MIIIIIIIIIIIII D . and M. Lines 4 -5 are lacking.

On the names see nos. 3 85 and 494 respectively.

500. STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of no. 499. I-f eight above the ground 85 cm . ; width 28 cm. Th e upper part is well finished, the lower part is rough . H eight of inscription 46 cm . Height of letters 5 1/2-71/2 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 283, no. 1 2 7.

2 1 8 . Division III Section A Part 3

Koscaey} M{wp h( c.)y) �C/. 1. e. ./fuzazlpat, (daughter) of Mazor.

Our copy of this inscription , together with no. S o I , establishes the name KOsc/'ley}, which is questioned by Dussaud and Mader and by Lidzbarski, Eph. II, p. 3 3 2 . For the spelling Micvp see no . 1 48 .

S O 1 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of no . S ao. Height above the ground 64 cm. ; width 3 2 cm . The face is fairly well finished . Height of letters 81/').-9]/'). cm.

Koscaey} rapaa(1) i-c( c.)y) el• 1 . e. .l!uzaz"�at, (daughter) of Garas.

On Kossaey} see no. 500. rapaao;, a name hitherto not found in Greek inscriptions, occurs also in no . 505 . Its diminutive form seems to be rOUpWGO; in no. 47 3 .

5 0 2 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground in front of no . S O l . The top has apparently been broken off. Height above the ground 64 cm. ; width 26 e m . The surface is half finished. Height of letters 5 1/').-8 cm .

• . . . . AGYou,u.ou St(WY) " . AGYOUfLO;, Arabic Asnum, is akin to AG'JofLY} in no . 489 .

AJ\ 6 H I(A C (I A N OYET(


A PA C H AY B 'A ;\ /\ o y E. T 0


TI " H (A p/\ ( o y E:TJ'


H PA KA A e r a Ll A I O YETw

M Inser. 506.

Scale I : 20. Inser. 507.

Scale I : 20.

503 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of no. 502 . Height above the ground 90 cm. ; width 40 cm. The upper part of the face is roughly finished, the .. lower part is quite rough Height of the inscription 40 cm. The letters are shallow. Height of letters 9- 1 2 cm .

A'A6Y} KaGG�ayou i-c( c;)',i) {. 1 . e. Khald, (daught�r) of Cassz"anus . .

The name A'Aay} occurs also in nos. I 2 I and 3 9 3 .

504. STELE. Standing with base embedded i n the ground a t the right of no. 5 0 1 . Height above the ground 90 cm. ; width 3 8 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of the inscription 60 cm. The letters are shallow. Height of letters 7-91/2 cm.

Ap/'lGY} Auea'A).ol) c'-r( c;)y) 01• 1 . e. Ar'as (?) , (daughter) of Ghauth-allah.

Umm idj -Dj imal 2 I 9

We know o f no other instance o f the name ApaG'I) , and the Arabic original is uncertain . F or compounds similar to A1)eo:)J\(J.� see AV(J(J.AAa;, no. 6 7 ; 8at[J.ll.AAa;, no. 3 I 8 ; ZE(J(J.Aa;, no. 463 . Nabataean forms of the name are also found ; see Div. IV. Nab . lnscrs . no . 99 .

505 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the right of no . 504. Height above the ground 55 cm. ; width 23 cm. The face is fairly well finished. Height of inscription 44 cm. The letters are shallow. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

�t . 'I) fap(a)(Jov £-r(C>v) c;-'.

The letters of the first name are very indistinct, and we are in doubt as to the proper reading. We have thought of r� ['I)]'I), the feminine of f�'I)o;, Arabic Ghiyai, which occurs in no. 6 1 . However, perhaps the top of the stele has been broken off, and the letters should be read, --rt [v] 'I) , the suffix of some Latin name. On rapa(Jo;, Arabic Garas, see no. 50 I .

506 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the left of the entrance of the tomb. Height above the ground 6 7 cm. ; width 24 cm. The face is half finished. Height of letters 7- I I cm.

'HpaxAa.; ro(Jawv 2-rc;)(V) [1.'. 1 . e . Herakles, (son) of Gudazy.

fo(Jaw;, a name which seems to be new in Greek inscriptions, occurs also 1n nos. 5 0 7 , 509 , and 5 1 3 .

507 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground in front of no. 506 . Height above the ground 74 cm. ; width 2 5-2 9 cm. The face is half finished . The letters are deeply ��t. Height of letters 5 1/2-71/2 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p . 284, no. 1 30.

Ka(J(Jt(J.�c; rO(JEQV h( c;)v) v1;'. 1. e . Cassianus, (son) of Gudazy.

K A C C I A N O C �- o 111/111//, D. and M.

On the father's name see no. 506 .

I A K A p o c e E:-}-{ 0 t6 0 yC A P oy E T P ......... ..... -.-.... ;:: .

Inser. 508. Scale 1 : 20.

r 0 6 f o ( O ( A I 6 0 Y E-r

n


A I\ E }-{ A N O CPCX5J A I D o y t Tl '

Inser. 5 1 0 . Scale I : 20.

O C E L O C E T E.

·"�IH_".,.,_, Inser. 5 I ! .

Scale I : 20.

M A8 r A C O f),.) 0 Y E: TI(�

bser. 5 1 2 . Scale I : 20.

Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological �xpeditions to Syria, Div. JII, Sec. A, Pt. 3 . 2 9


50S . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the left of no. 506. Height above the ground 69 cm. ; width 30 Cin . The face i s well finished. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. The letters are deeply cut. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, MS.M p. 284, no. 13 I.

Iap.apo; Bcp.o,f(1)Gap01) E'r( u)v) pl . 1. e. Yacmar, (son) of Taz'm,u-Dushara.

I A M A P 0 C 9 /////1/////// , D. and M.

On Iap.apo; see no. 494 . The name 8zp.ocJolJ(Jap't];, ' Servant of Dusares' , has been restored by Clermont-Ganneau , R.A. O. IV ( 1 90 1 ) , p . 1 1 7 , in an inscription from Der\l published by Brlinnow in M.N.D.P. - V. 1 899 , p . 8 1 = P.A . II , p. 2 5 9 , no. 7 (8c [�p.]aO'o1)Ga(p)o1);, see however, R.A. O. loco cz't. note I ) . The name is certainly to be read in M.S.M p. 294, no. 1 6 5 = Wad. 207°c = I. G.R. III 1 2 85 , e[c] �p.oO'(1) [7apOlJ; . . ] . I n our inscription the reading is happily beyond a doubt.

509 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the left of no. 508 . Height above the ground 88 cm. ; width 3 1 1/2 cm. The upper part of the face is well finished, the lower part is rough . Height of the inscription 7 2 cm. Height of letters 6-9 cm .

roO'co; OO'caO'olJ ir( �v) To' . i . e . Gudaz'y, (son) of Usaz'd.

For roO'w; see nos. 506 and 507 . OGa�aO; i s the same as OacO'o;, which occurs In nos. 5 1 1 and 5 1 5 ; compare OaEO'ae't] in nos. 7 3 and 485 .

5 1 0. STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground in front of no. 509. Height above the ground 74 cm. ; width 2 5 cm. The surface is fairly 'well finished . Height of the inscription 48 cm. The letters in the lower lines ' are indistinct. Height of letters 7-71/2 cm.

A)\c()..avo; POea�eOlJ ir( c;j')) {. 1 . e. .f!all1;an·, (son) of' Ruthaz'tlt .

We have found no other example of either name in Greek inscriptions.

5 I 1 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground in front of no. 5 1 0. Height above the ground 80 cm. ; width 3 7 cm. The top is rounded. The face is not finished. Height of the inscription 2 7 cm. The letters are finely cut and shallow. Height of letters 6-7 cm .

OGcO'O; E'r(u)')) e' .

The name, the Arabic original of which is Usaz'd, occurs also in nos. 509 and 5 1 5 . It should be noted that here, as in previous instances, nos. 400 and 436 , a stele with a rounded top is used, although the dead person was a male ; see no . 436 .

5 1 2 . STELE. Found on the ground in front of no . 5 1 1 . Height at the left edge 1 .04 n1 . , at the right edge 1 . 1 0 m . ; width 3 3-3 6 cm. The face is half finished. Height of the inscription 48 cm . Height of letters 71/2-9 cm.

MaG)'a L.ocp.(1) h( �v) xc' . 1. e. Math- Ga', (daughter) of Suhaz'm.

Umm idj -Dj imal 2 2 1

The n ame Math- Gzt means � H andmaid o f (the god) Gel ' ; the Nabataean form occurs in an inscription from Bo!?ra, Div. IV. Nab . Inscrs. no . 7 9 . The name is similar in formation to A(1.ae�a�ea (A .A.E.S. III 24 1 ) and Mae�a�ea (A .A .E. S. III 2 6 3), i. e . � Handmaid o f Babai ' . A corresponding masculine name is A��aA1ac; , i . e . cAbd-al-Gcl, �Servant of Ga/ ' , found in no . 5 6 . L.OefLQC; is usually found in the form L.oa!fLoc; ; it was the name of an Arab chie ftain who was recognised as ruler of the Ituraeans by the Roman Senate in 3 8-3 9 A. D . (Cass . Dio LIX 1 2 , 2 ) , and it frequently occurs in Syrian inscriptions ; e. g. Wad. 2 5 6 5 and 2 5 6 9a, M.S.M. p. 2 9 4, no. 1 6 5 (= Wad . 2 0 7 0c. corr . ) , Jahreshefte d. Oeste Arch . Inst. III ( 1 900) , Beibl. 3 0 , no. 3 7 . A kin dred feminine form is 2.oa!p/c;, the name of the mother of Elagabalus.

IA }..,lA Po e r 0 6 � O Y E:To A

Iuser. 5 1 3 . Scale 1 : 20.

M A k C o Y P A9 H k: A P K o y(oy 'E T O E:

l o ser. 5 1 4 . Scale I : 20.

AL\ e o c O C E:tJ. o y � TI\H

Inser· 5 I 5 · Scale 1 : 20.

Iuser. 5 1 6 . Scale I : 20.

Inser. 5 1 7 . Scale I : 20.

5 1 3 - STELE. . Standing with base embedded In the ground at the left of n o . 5 3 9 . Height above the ground 7 0 cm. ; width 3 I cm . The face is fairly well finished . Height of the inscription 3 I cm. Height of letters 41/2-7 cm .

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 284, no. 1 3 2 .

IafJ.apo� ro�cotJ i"C(c.1v) oa' . 1 . e . Ya'mar, (son) of Gudaiy.

Line 2 : Pili C � � 0, D. and 1\11. L. 3 does not app ear .

O n the n ames see nos . 494 and 5 0 6 respectiv ely .

5 1 4· STELE . Standing with base embedded in the ground in front of no. 5 1 3 . H eight above the ground 7 2 cm . ; width 3 7 c m . The face is fairly well finished . The top is rounded. Height of letters 71/2- 1 1 c m .

M ax.votJpaey} Kapx.o1JvoV �"C( 6)v) Oe' . 1. e. Ma*turat, (daughter) of .lfarltus.

The n ame Max.votJpae17 does not occur elsewhere in Greek inscriptions, as far as we know. On Kapx.otJvoc; see n o . 400.

5 I S · STELE. Standing with base embedded i n the ground at the left of no. 5 I 3 . Height above the ground 6 8 c m . i width 2 2 1/2 cn1 . The rows of letters are separated

2 2 2 Di vision III Section A Part 3

by incised lines. The upper right corner is somewhat chipped. portion 48 cm . Height of letters 4-5 cm . , of A in 1. I , 61/2 cm.

Height of inscribed

Dussaud and Mader, M.S.M. p. 284, no. 1 33.

A (U )eo; OO'cO'OU i-r( mv) ):�'. 1 . e. Ghauth, (son) of Usaz'd.

On OO'eO'O; see no. 509 . Perhaps the first name should be read AurGo;, found In no. 3 50.

5 I 6 . STELE. Standing with base embedded in the ground at the left of no. 5 I 5 . Height above the ground 6 I cm. ; width 30 cm . The face i s well finished. The top is rounded. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. The letters are deeply cut and clear. Height of letters 6-8 cm.

Dussaud and Mader, M.S . .lVI. p. 284, n o . 1 34.

POU\:vo.: Aueov lr(wv) AS" 1. e. Rztdaz'na, (daughter) of Ghaztth.

Lines 4 and 5 do not appear in the copy of MM . Dussaud and Macler. POO'SVCI. is not found elsewhere ; for various kindred forms see no . 2 8o.

5 I 7 . STELE. Found lying on the ground in a tomb northeast of the tomb where nos. 494-5 I 6 were found. Height 99 cm . ; width 24- 2 8 cm . The face is fairly well finished. Height of the inscribed portion 64 cn1 . Height of letters 5 1/2- I O cm.

edp(O'() Zev6�(; h(�v) xO" .

Similarly, the form rCl.uO'[vn; occurs after edpO'( in no. 44 I . As In that instance, so here we might plausibly restore a vocative form In . . . . E .

MAA I X A8 H A c H p oy E: T

1<


. '4 A I A P H e E o Y A- 6 0 Y E, Tw N I H


<p 0 Y C K I A N O C C A BE-'JII-" -." '-'-

_ I nser. 5 20. Scale I : 20.

O N H N O C C A X o Y o Y E.T O E:

l Inser. 5 2 ! .

Scale I : 20.

H 8 l il� 8 H C A oY (2: A o y (:'T I


5 1 8 . STELE. Found in the same tomb. Height 1 . I I m. ; width 2 6-2 7 cm. The face is fairly well finished . The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the inscribed portion 7 3 cm. Height of letters 41/2-81/2 cm . , of K in 1. 6 , I I cm .

Mo.:A(XCl.ey] AO'y]pou h(wv) x'. 1. e. Malikat, (daughter) of CAsir (?) .

Umm idj-Djimal 223

The nan1e MaA�xae)7 occ urs also in B. C. H. XXI ( 1 89 7), p. 49, no. 35 and in the form JYlaAcxa9y) in M.N.D.P.- V. 1 899 , p. 6 I , no. 30 = P.A . II, p . 2 60, no. 1 6 . The masculine is very comrnon . The Semitic original is found in Safaitic ; (see M.5. M. p . 1 5 2 , no. 47 1 ; Div. IV. Nab . Inscrs. no. 7), and also in Nabataean inscriptions ; see Wad . 2 3 66 = C.I.S. II 1 64. AlTlJpo; occurs as the name of the patriarch, the son of Jacob, in Josephus, A .I. I 1 9 , 7 , § 306 and II 7 , 4, § 1 8 2 .

5 1 9 · STELE. Found lying on the ground outside the west wall of the city , a short distance north of the southwest angle of the wall . Height I . 1 6 m . ; width 3 5 cm. , at the base 1 4 cm . The upper part of the face is well finished , the lower part is rough . The top is slightly rounded. Height of letters 7-8 1/2 cm .

A",/ap)7 LEOuaO'ou STeW �)7/. 1. e. .f£agar, (daughter) of Sa wad.

A1apYj is found in Wad . 2 200 = J. G.R. III 1 2 49, and i n Wad. 2405 (cf. M.S.M. p . 24 3) . On LEOuaO'o£ see no. 2 9 7 .

5 2 0. STELE . Standing i n the dromos of a small , well built tomb outside the west wall of the city, a few paces north of the so uthwest angle of the wall, and south of the place where no. 5 I 9 was found. The dromos was full of debris, so

. that only the first three lines of the inscription could be read without considerable excavation . Height of 11. 1 -3 of the inscriptio n 30 cm . ; width of the slab 30 cm. I-I eight of letters 61/2-9 cm .

5 2 1 . STELE. Found lying in the ruins of a tomb west of the southwest angle of the city-wall . Height 1 . 20 m. ; width 33 cm . The upper part of the face is fairly well finished, the lower part is rough . Above and below the inscription are incised l ines extending across the face , and forming a sort of frame. Height of the frame 43 cm . I -Ieight of letters 41/2-81/2 cm .

OvYjvo; 'laxouou h'(c3v) oe' . 1. e . .f£unain, (son) of Shakulf.

For the names see nos. 390 and 2 94 respectively. This same combination of names occurs also In n o. 439 .

5 2 2 . STELE. Found lying I n the ruins o f the sam e tomb. H eight L I 5 m . ; width 2 6 cm. The face was fairly well finished, but has been badly weathered , and the letters are difficult to read. The top is slightly rounded. The rows of letters are separated by incised lines. Height of the inscribed portion 64 cm . H eight of letters 7-9 cm .

He� [ale)7 Laou [a] (O')ou St(wv) �/. 1 . e. Yithtat (?) , (daughter) of Sawad.

The form HetaeYj is not found elsewhere in Greek inscriptions, but the kindred masculine leay)£ or Hea)7; occurs in no. 3 69 . The form 2aouaO'o£ is found in Wad. 2 2 36 , but the name i s usu ally spelled 2couaO'o£ ; see no. 2 9 7 .

Littman 1913b Greek and Latin Inscriptions

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Transcript of Littman 1913b Greek and Latin Inscriptions