LITTLE TURKEY LAKE

Steuben County

2008 Fish Management Report

Larry A. Koza

Assistant Fisheries Biologist

Fisheries Section

Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Division of Fish and Wildlife

I.G.C.-South, Room W273

402 W. Washington Street

Indianapolis, IN 46204

2008

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• A general fisheries survey was conducted on Little Turkey Lake on June 16 through 20,

2008. Water chemistry and aquatic vegetation data were also collected.

• The Secchi disk reading at Little Turkey Lake during the general survey was 4 ft and

dissolved oxygen concentrations were not adequate for fish survival below 11 ft. The Secchi

disk reading during the plant survey was also 4 ft. Submersed vegetation was found to a

maximum depth of 9 ft. Coontail was the most common submersed plant followed by curly-

leaf pondweed and sago pondweed. Only seven species of submersed plants were collected

during the survey. Curly-leaf pondweed is classified as an aquatic invasive species in

Indiana.

• A total of 412 fish representing 13 species was collected during this survey. Bluegill ranked

first by number, followed by largemouth bass and white sucker. Common carp was the

dominant species collected by weight followed by white sucker and largemouth bass.

• Bluegill and largemouth bass dominated the sport fishery at Little Turkey Lake while black

crappie and yellow perch contribute although they are present in small numbers.

• Bluegill of all ages grew at an average rate for northern Indiana natural lakes while

largemouth bass grew at an above average rate.

• No fish management is recommended at Little Turkey Lake at this time.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………….……………………iii

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………iii

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………….…………………………………..1

METHODS………………………………………………………………………………………..1

RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………………………2

DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………………..3

RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………………….5

LITERATURE CITED……………………………………………………………………………5

APPENDIX 1- Survey Data Pages………………………………………………………………..9

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1. Sampling effort, species composition and relative abundance of fish collected during

1974, 1979, 1989 and 2008 fisheries surveys of Little Turkey Lake ..................................6

2. Relative abundance by select size ranges for bluegill and largemouth bass collected

during 1974, 1979, 1989 and 2008 fisheries surveys of Little Turkey Lake .......................7

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1. Aerial photo of Little Turkey Lake with sample locations ..................................................8

1

INTRODUCTION

Little Turkey Lake is a 58-acre natural lake located approximately one mile west of

Hudson, Indiana in Steuben County. It has a maximum depth of 30 feet and an average depth of

13.7 feet. The lake has three inlets, Smathers Ditch, Conrad Ditch and an unnamed ditch. Both

Smathers Ditch, which is the main inlet, and Conrad Ditch enter Little Turkey Lake on the east

shore while the unnamed ditch enters on the south shore. Turkey Creek is the outlet for Little

Turkey Lake. It is located in the northwest corner of the lake and flows northwest into Lime

Kiln Lake. There is a state owned access site with a concrete boat ramp located on the northeast

corner of the lake which is accessible off of County Road 700 South.

The majority of the shoreline of Little Turkey Lake consists of woods. There are two

homes on the lake but the property owners have done little to alter the natural shoreline. Pasture

and croplands are present but are buffered from the lake by wooded strips.

The initial fisheries survey of Little Turkey Lake was conducted in 1974 by Division of

Fish and Wildlife (DFW) biologists. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the quality of

the sport fishery. The major sport species collected included bluegill, black crappie, yellow

perch and largemouth bass (Table 1). The Little Turkey Lake fishery was considered

satisfactory and no management was recommended. Additional fisheries surveys were

conducted in 1979 and 1989. No significant changes were noted in the fishery. The current

survey was conducted to evaluate the present condition of the fish population.

METHODS

This survey was conducted from June 16 through 20, 2008 as part of DFW Work Plan

300FW1F10D40621 that covers management of fish populations in natural lakes. Several

physical and chemical characteristics of the water were measured in the deepest area of the lake

according to the Manual of Fisheries Survey Methods (2001) standard lake survey guidelines.

Submersed aquatic vegetation was sampled on July 16, 2008 using methods outlined in the Tier

II Aquatic Vegetation Survey Protocol developed by the DFW Lake and River Enhancement

Program and used in their aquatic vegetation control grant program. A global positioning system

(GPS) device was used to record the location of the limnological data collection site, aquatic

vegetation sample sites, and fish collection sites.

2

Fish were collected by pulsed D.C. electrofishing the shoreline at night with two dippers

for one hour. Two experimental-mesh gill nets were also fished overnight for four nights while

one trap net was fished overnight for three nights. All fish collected were measured to the

nearest 0.1 in TL. Length-frequency tables were constructed for species of concern with whole

inch groups consisting of individuals measuring from X.0 to X.4 in TL and half inch groups

consisting of individuals measuring from X.5 to X.9 in TL. Length-weight regression equations

for Fish Management District 2 were used to estimate the weight of all fish within the sample.

Five scale samples per half-inch group were collected from game species for age and growth

analysis. Length-at-age for these species was estimated using scale analysis (DeVries and Frie

1996). Age length keys were also constructed to determine mean length at age at the time of

collection.

RESULTS

The Secchi disk reading at Little Turkey Lake was 4 ft and dissolved oxygen

concentrations were not adequate for fish survival below 11 ft. Forty sites were randomly

sampled during the plant survey, 28 of which fell within the littoral zone in water 9 ft in depth or

less. The Secchi disk reading at the time of plant sampling was also 4 ft. A total of six native

and one exotic species were identified. Aquatic plants were observed at 20 of the 28 littoral sites

sampled. The maximum number of plant species found at one site was five and the mean was

one. Coontail was the dominant plant collected followed by curly-leaf pondweed and sago

pondweed. Five emergent, floating or floating leaf plants associated with wetlands, cattail,

hardstem bulrush, pickerelweed, spatterdock and white water lily, were also observed. Curly-

leaf pondweed is considered an invasive species and was not found in any of the prior surveys of

Little Turkey Lake. Although it was present at 35% of the littoral sites, the overall abundance

was low. With the exception of two small areas on the east and west end of the lake, the littoral

zone in Little Turkey Lake is relatively narrow. This serves to restrict plant distribution and

abundance.

A total of 412 fish representing 13 species was collected from Little Turkey Lake in

2008. Numerically, bluegill was the top species collected (39%) followed by largemouth bass

(19%), white sucker (14%) and golden shiner (12%). Common carp was the dominant species

collected by weight (26%) followed by white sucker (23%), largemouth bass (19%) and spotted

3

gar (17%).

Bluegill ranked first by number (39%) and fifth by weight (9%) among all species

collected during this survey. The 161 bluegills collected ranged in length from 2.0 (age 1) to 8.1

(age 6) in TL and averaged 5.6 in TL. They weighed approximately 26.3 pounds. During

electrofishing bluegills were collected at a rate of 128 fish per hour. Three bluegills per lift were

collected during gill netting, while trap netting yielded two bluegills per lift. Bluegills 6.0-in TL

or larger, considered harvestable size, comprised 44% of the sample, reaching this size during

their third or fourth year of life. All age groups of bluegills grew at an average rate for northern

Indiana natural lakes. Bluegill was also the top species collected numerically in all of the

preceding surveys. The percentage of harvestable size bluegills collected ranged from 50% to

61% in these surveys.

A total of 77 largemouth bass weighing approximately 58 pounds was collected.

Largemouth bass ranked second by number (19%) and third by weight (19%) among all species

collected. They ranged in length from 5.5 (age 2) to 18.5 (age 6) in TL and averaged 10.8 in TL.

Harvestable size largemouth bass (14 in TL or larger) comprised 17% of the sample. Bass

reached this size during their fourth year of life. Largemouth bass grew at an above average rate

for northern Indiana natural lakes. Electrofishing yielded a catch of 60 bass per hour. Gill

netting yielded two per lift while only one bass was caught during trap netting. In previous

surveys, largemouth bass ranged from 5% to 7% of the total fish sample and 12% to 17% of

these have been harvestable size. Only five bass measuring 18 in TL or larger have been

collected during fisheries surveys of Little Turkey Lake beginning with the first survey in 1974.

Two other sport species were collected during the current survey, black crappie and

yellow perch, the largest of which measured 9.1 and 10.0 in TL respectively. Neither was

collected in large numbers as only 13 crappies and 4 perch were sampled. Larger numbers of

these two species have been collected in prior years as 178 crappies were collected in 1979 and

95 perch were collected in both the 1979 and 1989 surveys.

DISCUSSION

Little Turkey Lake’s sport fish population is dominated by bluegills and largemouth bass.

Approximately 57% of the fish sample was comprised of these two species numerically and they

represented 28% of the sample by weight. While no extremely large bluegills or bass were

4

collected during this survey, good numbers of these were present in sizes that would be attractive

to anglers. Additional sport species collected included black crappie and yellow perch.

Although they were not captured in large numbers, their presence in the fishery offers anglers

other opportunities.

All ages of bluegill grew at an average rate for northern Indiana natural lakes, similar to

the growth observed in the previous fisheries surveys.

Harvestable size bluegills still comprise an acceptable percentage of the population and

are at a level close to what was observed in 1979 and 1989. The highest abundance of

harvestable size bluegills in the sample occurred in 1974; however the decline since then has

been marginal. While fish over 8 in TL were not abundant, bluegill fishing at Little Turkey Lake

is still considered good.

Largemouth bass are present in good numbers in Little Turkey Lake and a sufficient

number of legal size bass are present to attract anglers. The percentage of harvestable size bass

has fluctuated between 12% and 17% in alternating surveys. One change in the bass population

to be noted is the fact that bass are now growing at an above average rate for natural lakes in

Indiana. It is anticipated that this increase in growth should result in the presence of more

harvestable size bass in the lake in the future.

Aquatic vegetation in Little Turkey Lake is restricted to a relatively narrow band circling

the lake, with the exception of shallow bays on the east and west ends of the lake. This results in

minimal interference with angling activities over a vast majority of the lake. One aquatic

invasive species, curly-leaf pondweed, was collected at Little Turkey Lake. Although it

currently is not a nuisance, its abundance should be monitored. If this exotic pondweed does

become a problem, funding or even cost sharing a lake wide control program through the Lake

and River Enhancement program would be challenging for the relative few lakefront residents.

The water quality at Little Turkey Lake is considered fair. Nutrients are most likely

carried into the lake via the drainage ditches that serve as inlets to the lake. These ditches flow

through agricultural areas and are susceptible to collecting runoff from these fields. These

nutrient loads are in all probability contributing to the level of planktonic algae in the lake which

lowers water clarity and gives the water its green appearance. Good conservation practices in the

watershed could help lower the nutrient runoff into the ditches.

5

Black spot disease was noticed in several of the yellow perch collected during the

survey. This is caused by a parasitic fluke which burrows under the fishes skin. A black

pigment then forms in the tissue surrounding the fluke. This parasite, while unsightly, is not

harmful to humans if consumed. Shoreline erosion was minimal.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• The DFW should encourage and support the Steuben County Soil and Water Conservation

District and the Steuben County Surveyors Office in their efforts to implement erosion

control projects in the Little Turkey Lake watershed which should result in improved water

quality in the lake.

• No fish management is recommended for Little Turkey Lake at this time.

LITERATURE CITED

DeVries, D. R. and R.V. Frie. 1996. Determination of Age and Growth. Pages 483-512 in B. R.

Murphy and D. W. Willis, editors. Fisheries techniques, 2nd edition. American Fisheries

Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Submitted by: Larry A. Koza, Assistant Fisheries Biologist

Date: 12/19/08

Approved by: Stuart Shipman

North Region Fisheries Supervisor

Date: 1/22/09

6

Table 1. Sampling effort, species composition and relative abundance of fish collected during

the 1974, 1979, 1989 and 2008 fisheries surveys of Little Turkey Lake.

Species 1974 1979 1989 2008

Black bullhead 1 4

Black crappie 17 178 48 13

Bluegill 346 345 261 161

Bowfin 11 3 4

Brown bullhead 3 8 1

Common carp 3 7 4 10

Common shiner 1

Golden shiner 224 67 55 50

Green sunfish 1 2 1

Hybrid sunfish 3

Lake chubsucker 5 58 9

Largemouth bass 40 58 48 77

Northern hogsucker 1

Northern pike 2 3

Pumpkinseed 17 129 19 2

Redfin pickerel 1 1

Redear 1 1

Spotted gar 16 6 16 27

Warmouth 15 42 11 1

White crappie 10 34

White sucker 20 59 28 57

Yellow bullhead 8 4 9 8

Yellow perch 9 95 95 4

Total 738 1,075 653 412

Sampling Effort

Electrofishing Effort 1.0 h AC 1.0 h DC 1.0 h DC 1.0 h DC

Gill Net Effort 9 lifts 12 lifts 9 lifts 8 lifts

Trap Net Effort 0 lifts 12 lifts 6 lifts 3 lifts

7

Table 2. Relative abundance by select size ranges for bluegill and largemouth bass collected

during the 1974, 1979, 1989 and 2008 fisheries surveys of Little Turkey Lake.

Species Length Range (TL) 1974 1997 1989 2008

Bluegill 3.0-5.5 in 133 185 130 78

6.0-6.5 in 111 35 81 35

7.0-7.5 in 89 80 49 33

≥ 8.0 in 11 45 3

Largemouth bass 8.0-9.5 in 20 7 12 29

10.0-11.5 in 5 7 8 19

12.0-13.5 in 1 13 3 11

14.0-17.5 in 5 8 4 12

≥ 18.0 in 2 2 1

8

▲ Trap Net Gill Net

Figure 1. Aerial photo of Little Turkey Lake with sample locations.

9

APPENDIX 1. Survey data pages

X

Surface acres Maximum depth Average depth

58 30 13.7

X

X

LAKE SURVEY REPORT Initial Survey

June 16-20, 2008

Re-Survey

Lake Name Date of survey (Month, day, year)County

Date of approval (Month, day, year)

January 22, 2009

LOCATION

Little Turkey LakeBiologist's name

Neil D. Ledet and Larry A. Koza

Steuben

Quadrangle Name

AshleyTownship Name

36N

Range

12ENearest Town

1/5 miles west of Hudson, Indiana

Section

35

ACCESSIBILITYState owned public access site Privately owned public access site Other access site

Located off of County Road 700SAcre feet

799

Water level

939.04 MSL

Extreme fluctuations

Location of benchmark

INLETSName Location Origin

South

Drainage

Drainage

Smathers Ditch East Drainage

Conrad Ditch

OUTLETSName

Turkey Creek

Location

Northwest into Limekiln LakeWater level control

None

POOL

TOP OF DAM

TOP OF FLOOD CONTROL POOL

TOP OF CONSERVATION POOL

TOP OF MINIMUM POOL

STREAMBED

Watershed use

Development of shoreline

General farming

Approximately 3% of the shoreline is developed residentially.

Previous surveys and investigations

USGS Hydrographic Survey, 1962. IDNR Fisheries Surveys: Peterson, 1974, 1979; Ledet, 1989.

Bottom type

Boulder

Gravel

Sand

Muck

Clay

Marl

ELEVATION (Feet MSL) ACRES

Type of Survey

Unnamed

East

Gallons ppm

4 Feet 0 Inches (SECCHI DISK)

pH

Surface: 171.6 Bottom: 223.1 Surface: Bottom: 8.7

N W

DEPTH (FEET) Degrees (°F) D.O. (ppm) DEGREES (°F) D.O. (ppm) DEGREES (°F) D.O. (ppm)

SURFACE 76.2 11.9

2 76.1 11.8

4 76.1 11.8

6 76.1 11.7

8 76.0 11.6

10 70.1 9.0

12 63.8 2.4

14 59.4 0.6

16 55.4 0.6

18 53.2 0.5

20 52.0 0.5

22 50.8 0.5

24 50.3 0.5

26 49.5 0.5

28 49.4 0.4

30 49.4 0.4

32

34

60

62

64

88

90

92

66

68

70

94

96

98

100

52

54

56

58

50

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

*ppm-parts per million

DEPTH (FEET) DEPTH (FEET)

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Water chemistry GPS coordinates:41.53496 85.10748

9.3

Air temperature: °F

SAMPLING EFFORT

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.)

COMMENTS

ELECTROFISHING

TRAP NETS

GILL NETS

ROTENONE

Day hours

Number of traps

1Number of nets

2

Number of Lifts Total effort

3 3

Night hours Total hours

1 1

Number of Lifts Total effort

4 8Number of 100 Foot Seine Hauls

Color Turbidity

Acre Feet Treated SHORELINE

SEINING

GreenAlkalinity (ppm)*

Conductivity: micromhos590

LENGTH RANGE WEIGHT

*COMMON NAME OF FISH NUMBER PERCENT (inches) (pounds) PERCENT

Bluegill 161 39.1 2.0 - 8.1 26.63 8.7

Largemouth bass 77 18.7 5.5 - 18.5 58.30 19.1

White sucker 57 13.8 8.9 - 19.8 70.43 23.0

Golden shiner 50 12.1 6.4 - 9.5 8.11 2.7

Spotted gar 27 6.6 18.4 - 30.4 50.86 16.6

Black crappie 13 3.2 7.0 - 9.1 3.62 1.2

Common carp 10 2.4 20.6 - 29.5 79.78 26.1

Yellow bullhead 8 1.9 9.6 - 12.5 5.21 1.7

Yellow perch 4 1.0 6.7 - 10.1 1.25 0.4

Pumpkinseed 2 0.5 5.8 - 6.6 0.36 0.1

Brown bullhead 1 0.2 13.7 1.06 0.3

Common shiner 1 0.2 6.3 0.08 **

Warmouth 1 0.2 4.3 0.06 **

Total (13 Species) 412 305.75

*Common names of fishes recognized by the American Fisheries Society.

**Less than 0.1 percent

SPECIES AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF FISHES COLLECTED BY NUMBER AND WEIGHT

TOTAL PERCENT AVERAGE TOTAL PERCENT

LENGTH NUMBER OF FISH WEIGHT AGE OF LENGTH NUMBER OF FISH AGE OF

(inches) COLLECTED COLLECTED (pounds) FISH (inches) COLLECTED COLLECTED FISH

1.0 19.0

1.5 19.5

2.0 7 4.3 0.01 1 20.0

2.5 5 3.1 0.01 1 20.5

3.0 21.0

3.5 1 0.6 0.04 2 21.5

4.0 5 3.1 0.06 2, 3 22.0

4.5 10 6.2 0.08 3 22.5

5.0 34 21.1 0.11 3, 4 23.0

5.5 28 17.4 0.14 3 23.5

6.0 18 11.2 0.17 3, 4 24.0

6.5 17 10.6 0.22 4, 5 24.5

7.0 24 14.9 0.29 5, 6 25.0

7.5 9 5.6 0.33 5, 6 25.5

8.0 3 1.9 0.40 6 26.0

8.5 TOTAL 161

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

12.5

13.0

13.5

14.0

14.5

15.0

15.5

16.0

16.5

17.0

17.5

18.0

18.5

GILL NET

CATCH 3.3 /lift

NUMBER, PERCENTAGE, WEIGHT, AND AGE OF BLUEGILLAVERAGE

WEIGHT

(pounds)

TRAP NET CATCH 2.3 /liftELECTROFISHING

CATCH 128 /hr

LENGTH

GROUP NUMBER NUMBER

(inches) COLLECTED AGED

1.0

1.5

2.0 7 3 7

2.5 5 4 5

3.0

3.5 1 1 1

4.0 5 4 3 2

4.5 10 5 10

5.0 34 5 20 14

5.5 28 5 28

6.0 18 5 14 4

6.5 17 4 8 9

7.0 24 7 14 10

7.5 9 4 4 5

8.0 3 2 3

Total 161 49 12 4 74 26 27 18

Mean TL 2.5 4.1 5.5 5.9 7.2 7.5

SE 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.07 0.09

AGE-LENGTH KEY FOR BLUEGILLAGE

9 107 11 121 2 3 4 5 6 8

TOTAL PERCENT AVERAGE TOTAL PERCENT

LENGTH NUMBER OF FISH WEIGHT AGE OF LENGTH NUMBER OF FISH AGE OF

(inches) COLLECTED COLLECTED (pounds) FISH (inches) COLLECTED COLLECTED FISH

1.0 19.0

1.5 19.5

2.0 20.0

2.5 20.5

3.0 21.0

3.5 21.5

4.0 22.0

4.5 22.5

5.0 23.0

5.5 1 1.3 0.08 2 23.5

6.0 1 1.3 0.12 2 24.0

6.5 1 1.3 0.16 2 24.5

7.0 1 1.3 0.18 2 25.0

7.5 1 1.3 0.22 2 25.5

8.0 2 2.6 0.27 2 26.0

8.5 4 5.2 0.32 2 TOTAL 77

9.0 13 16.9 0.38 2

9.5 10 13.0 0.45 2

10.0 9 11.7 0.53 2, 3

10.5 4 5.2 0.60 2, 3

11.0 3 3.9 0.66 2, 3

11.5 3 3.9 0.81 4

12.0 5 6.5 0.90 3

12.5 4 5.2 0.25 2, 3, 4

13.0 1 1.3 1.12 3

13.5 1 1.3 1.31 3

14.0 1 1.3 1.46 4

14.5 4 5.2 1.63 3, 4

15.0 1 1.3 1.83 4

15.5 1 1.3 1.94 5

16.0

16.5 3 3.9 2.29 5

17.0 2 2.6 2.52 5, 6

17.5

18.0

18.5 1 1.3 3.21 6

ELECTROFISHING

CATCH 60 /hr

GILL NET

CATCH 2 /lift TRAP NET CATCH 0.3 /lift

NUMBER, PERCENTAGE, WEIGHT, AND AGE OF LARGEMOUTH BASSAVERAGE

WEIGHT

(pounds)

LENGTH

GROUP NUMBER NUMBER

(inches) COLLECTED AGED

5.5 1 1 1

6.0 1 1 1

6.5 1 1 1

7.0 1 1 1

7.5 1 1 1

8.0 2 2 2

8.5 4 4 4

9.0 13 12 13

9.5 10 10 10

10.0 9 9 8 1

10.5 4 4 2 2

11.0 3 3 2 1

11.5 3 2 3

12.0 5 4 5

12.5 4 3 1 2 1

13.0 1 1 1

13.5 1 1 1

14.0 1 1 1

14.5 4 4 2 2

15.0 1 1 1

15.5 1 1 1

16.0

16.5 3 3 3

17.0 2 2 1 1

17.5

18.0

18.5 1 1 1

Total 77 73 47 15 8 5 2

Mean TL 9.4 12.4 13.4 16.7 18.0

SE 0.18 0.36 0.52 0.24 0.75

AGE-LENGTH KEY FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS

9 108 11

AGE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12

1 N 41.53698 W 85.10762 1 N 41.53524 W 85.11123 1 N W

N W 2 N 41.53740 W 85.11348 N W

2 N 41.53358 W 85.11025 3 N 41.53510 W 85.10471 2 N W

N W 4 N W N W

3 N 41.53600 W 85.10949 5 N W 3 N W

N W 6 N W N W

4 N 41.53378 W 85.11213 7 N W 4 N W

N W 8 N W N W

5 N 41.53521 W 85.10593 9 N W 5 N W

N W 10 N W N W

6 N 41.53826 W 85.11198 11 N W 6 N W

N W 12 N W N W

7 N 41.53611 W 85.10589 13 N W 7 N W

N W 14 N W N W

8 N 41.53495 W 85.11133 15 N W 8 N W

N W 16 N W N W

9 N W 17 N W 9 N W

N W 18 N W N W

10 N W 19 N W 10 N W

N W 20 N W N W

11 N W 11 N W

N W N W

12 N W 12 N W

N W N W

13 N W 13 N W

N W N W

14 N W 14 N W

N W N W

15 N W 15 N W

N W N W

16 N W 16 N W

N W N W

17 N W 17 N W

N W N W

18 N W 18 N W

N W N W

19 N W 19 N W

N W N W

20 N W 20 N W

N W N W

GPS SAMPLING COORDINATES

GILL NETS TRAP NETS ELECTROFISHING

Lake: Secchi(ft): 4.0 0.25

Date: 7/16/2008 20 0.93

Littoral Depth (ft): 9.0 7 0.19

Littoral Sites: 28 5 0.76

Total Sites: 40 1.28 0.68

Frequency of

Species Occurrence 0 1 3 5 Dominance

Coontail 42.5 57.5 22.5 7.5 12.5 21.5

Curly-leaf pondweed 35.0 65.0 30.0 5.0 0.0 9.0

Sago pondweed 27.5 72.5 10.0 2.5 15.0 18.5

Large-leaf pondweed 10.0 90.0 10.0 2.0

Water stargrass 7.5 92.5 7.5 1.5

Elodea 2.5 97.5 2.5 0.5

Slender naiad 2.5 97.5 2.5 0.5

Other species noted: Cattail, spatterdock, pickerelweed, hardstem bulrush and white waterlily

Score Frequency

SE Mean species / site:

Mean natives / site:

Species diversity:Maximum species / site:

Mean species / site:

Occurrence and Abundance of Submersed Aquatic Plants

Native diversity:

SE Mean natives / site:

Little Turkey Lake

Littoral sites with plants:

Number of species: