SR.NO TITLE YEAR THEME REFERENCE

26Flow-Induced Vibration and Noise with Particular Reference to Heat Exchanger Tube Systems

1965

The large number of mechanisms capable of producing vibration are discussed in detail in this paper. The vortex shedding, galloping and buffeting vibrations of structures are covered and flutter is briefly mentioned. The complex vibration modes produced by vortex shedding in tube systems of cross-flow type heat exchangers are described in detail and the production of noise by resonance with acoustic standing wave frequencies of the heat exchanger vessel is also covered.

Dye, R. (1965). Paper 17: Flow-Induced Vibration and Noise with Particular Reference to Heat Exchanger Tube Systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings, SAGE Publications.

11 Flow induced vibration of bluff structures

1974

A model has been developed for vortex induced vibration of a circular cylinder. The model is based on a control volume approach to the vortex shedding process and the von Karman idealization of the vortex street. The model predicts that the entrainment effect will increase with decreasing structural damping and with the ratio of displaced fluid mass to cylinder mass except in the case of very small values of structural damping.

Blevins, R. D. (1974). "Flow induced vibration of bluff structures."

29 Flow-induced vibration of circular cylindrical structures

1985

This is a report written on flow induced vibrations in bluff bodies including different types of FIVs, geometry arrangements, mathematical models and different techniques to study the FIVs is circular cylindrical bodies.

Chen, S.-S. (1985). Flow-induced vibration of circular cylindrical structures, Argonne National Lab., IL (USA).

45FLUIDELASTIC INSTABILITY IN M[T.LTI-TUBE RISERS SUBJECTED TO CROSS-FLOW

1991This thesis deals with the fluid lastic instability in multi tube risers in cross flow. By quasi steady analytical technique a methamatical model is formulated to investigation of FEI in multitube risers.

27 Flow-induced vibration: 1992 1992

The objective of this short course on FIV is to provide a general background for, and an approach to solving FIV problems in different fields. The emphasis is on understanding the phenomena, analytical modeling, and experimental techniques. The main purpose is to develop diagnostic skills and an ability to establish effective remedies for existing FIV problems, and more importantly, to develop an ability to anticipate and eliminate problems at the design stage.

Chen, S. (1992). Flow-induced vibration: 1992, Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Materials and Components Technology Div.

16 Flow past a circular cylinder with a permeable wake splitter plate

1993 Measurements in the near wake region of a circular cylinder in a uniform flow in the Reynolds number range 2.5- 103 <• Re < 1.8. 104 with permeable splitter plates spanning the wake center plane are presented. Flow visualization results demonstrate that the introduction of low solidity splitter plates does not change the basic near wake structure, and that sufficiently high solidity uncouples the large-

Cardell, G. S. (1993). Flow past a circular cylinder with a permeable wake splitter plate, DTIC Document.

scale wake instability from the body, with the primary vortex formation occurring downstream of the separation bubble due to instability of the wake profile.

37 Fluid damping and fluid stiffness of tube arrays in crossflow

1994

Motion-dependent fluid forces acting on a tube array were measured as a function of excitation frequency, excitation amplitude, and flow velocity. Fluid-damping and fluid-stiffness coefficients were obtained from measured motion-dependent fluid forces as a function of reduced flow velocity and excitation amplitude.

Chen, S., et al. (1994). Fluid damping and fluid stiffness of tube arrays in crossflow, Argonne National Lab., IL (United States).

33 Flow-induced vibrations in heat exchanger tube bundles

1995

A review is given of the most important parameters which have to be evaluated for designing tea1 heat exchangers to withstand flow-induced vibrations. After a short description of the mechanism of excitation, stability diagrams for fluid elastic instability are discussed. The influence of non-uniform velocities in multispan exchangers and a sectional calculation of stability relations is explained by an example using a fluid-dynamic computer program. Some recommendations for structural data and design details are offered in conclusion.

Gelbe, H., et al. (1995). "Flow-induced vibrations in heat exchanger tube bundles." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 34(3): 289-298.

44Fluidelastic instability in a tube array subjected to partial admission water cross-flow

1997

An experimental investigation of the critical conditions for fluidelastic instability is presented for a parallel triangular tube array. all the data in a stability map, up to three instability regions are shown for the lower range of the mass-damping parameter . However , the low vibration amplitudes observed for the lower two regions suggest that they may not be of practical importance in engineering practice .

Parrondo, J., et al. (1997). "Fluidelastic instability in a tube array subjected to partial admission water cross-flow." Journal of Fluids and Structures 11(2): 159-181.

31 Flow-induced vibration: recent findings and open questions

1998

The purpose of this paper is to review some of the recent findings inthe area of flow-induced vibration and to discuss some of the remaining questions. Vibration excitation mechanisms and damping mechanisms are described with particular emphasis on fluidelastic instability and damping in two-phase flows.

Pettigrew, M., et al. (1998). "Flow-induced vibration: recent findings and open questions." Nuclear Engineering and Design 185(2): 249-276.

38 Fluid damping controlled instability of tubes in crossflow

1998

The mathematical model for fluid damping controlled instability of tubes in cross flow presented in this paper is based on unsteady flow theory Motion dependent fluid forces are measured in a water channel. From the measured fluid forces, fluid stiffness and fluid damping coefficients are calculated as a function of reduced flow velocity, oscillation amplitude, and Reynolds number.

Chen, S., et al. (1998). "Fluid damping controlled instability of tubes in crossflow." Journal of Sound and Vibration 217(5): 883-907.

5 Experimental study on interfacial area transport in bubbly two-phase flows

1999 In relation to the development of the interfacial area transport equation, local measurements of the void fraction, interfacial area concentration, interfacial velocity, and Sauter mean diameter using the double sensor probe method as well as the liquid velocity and turbulence intensity using hot film anemometry, were performed

Hibiki, T. and M. Ishii (1999). "Experimental study on interfacial area transport in bubbly two-phase flows." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 42(16): 3019-

extensively for vertical upward bubbly air and water mix flows in a round tube. The data set obtained in this study will eventually be used for the development of reliable constitutive relations which reflect the true transfer mechanisms in bubbly flow systems.

3035.

20Flow periodicity and acoustic resonance in parallel triangle tube bundles

2000

Parallel triangle tube arrays with pitch ratios in the range of 1.2 – 4.2 have been tested at Reynolds numbers up to 9 x 104 to investigate the vorticity shedding and acoustic resonance mechanisms. Strouhal number charts for the natural flow periodicities and for the onset of acoustic resonances have been developed.

Ziada, S. and A. Oengören (2000). "Flow periodicity and acoustic resonance in parallel triangle tube bundles." Journal of Fluids and Structures 14(2): 197-219.

35Flow-pattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow.

2000

The flow around two circular cylinders of equal diameter, arranged in a staggered configuration, was investigated using flow visualization and particle image velocimetry. The study revealed that vortex shedding frequencies are more properly associated with individual shear layers than with individual cylinders; more specifically, the two shear layers from the downstream cylinder often shed vortices at different frequencies.

Sumner, D., et al. (2000). "Flow-pattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 411(1): 263-303.

23 Flow-Induced Noise in Heat Exchangers

2001

Measurements of the flow-induced noise produced by plate heat exchangers, arrays of cylinders, cylinders in tandem, side by side cylinders, single cylinders of constant diameter and “hourglass” shaped cylinders inside a rectangular duct have been made. The acoustic field in parts of the duct in which traveling hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations produced by vortex shedding do not contaminate the results was investigated by measuring sound pressure levels. Many of the results are believed to be unique. The measurements were then used to infer noise source strength and system damping using an acoustic model. The acoustic model was based on the inhomogeneous convected Helmholtz equation with a point dipole source term, volumetric damping and damping at the duct walls.

Rodarte, E., et al. (2001). "Flow-Induced Noise in Heat Exchangers." Urbana 51: 61801.

18Flow Past Two Cylinders in Tandem: Instantaneous and Averaged Flow Structure

2002

A technique of high-image-density particle image velocimetry is employed to characterize the instantaneous and averaged patterns of velocity, vorticity and Reynolds stress due to flow past two cylinders in tandem. These features of the flow patterns are characterized in the gap region as a function of the distance between the cylinders.

Lin, J. C., et al. (2002). "Flow Past Two Cylinders in Tandem: Instantaneous and Averaged Flow Structure." Journal of Fluids and Structures 16(8): 1059-1071.

40 Fluid force acting on two-dimensional circular cylinder in lock-in phenomenon

In this paper, it is described that the fluid force acting on a two dimensional oscillating circular cylinder in a lock-in region. the experiment was carried out in an N.P.L blow down wind tunnel with a

Okamoto, S., et al. (2002). "Fluid force acting on two-dimensional circular cylinder in lock-in

working section of 500mm x 500mm x 2000mm.It was found that the mean drag and fluctuating lift increase and become maximum in the lock-in region, while the base pressure at the rear surface of the cylinder decreases and attains a minimum.

phenomenon." JSME International Journal Series B 45(4): 850-856.

32Vibration analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: an overview—Part 1: flow, damping, fluidelastic instability

2003

Design guidelines were developed to prevent tube failures due to excessive flow-induced vibration in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. An overview of vibration analysis procedures and recommended design guidelines is presented in this paper. This paper pertains to liquid, gas and two-phase heat exchangers such as nuclear steam generators, reboilers, coolers, service water heat exchangers, condensers, and moisture-separator-reheaters.

Pettigrew, M. and C. Taylor (2003). "Vibration analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: an overview—Part 1: flow, damping, fluidelastic instability." Journal of Fluids and Structures 18(5): 469-483.

32

Vibration analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: an overview—Part 2: vibration response, fretting-wear, guidelines

2003

An overview of vibration analysis procedures and recommended design guidelines is presented in this paper. This paper pertains to liquid, gas and two-phase heat exchangers such as nuclear steam generators, reboilers, coolers, service water heat exchangers, condensers, and moisture-separator-reheaters. Part 2 of this paper covers forced vibration excitation mechanisms, vibration response prediction, resulting damage assessment, and acceptance criteria.

Pettigrew, M. and C. Taylor (2003). "Vibration analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: an overview—Part 2: vibration response, fretting-wear, guidelines." Journal of Fluids and Structures 18(5): 485-500.

36 Fluctuating lift on a circular cylinder: review and new measurements

2003

A part from providing some new experimental data the paper reviews previous investigations concerning fluctuating lift acting on a stationary circular cylinder in cross-flow. In particular, effects of Reynolds number in the nominal case of an infinitely long and non confined cylinder in a smooth oncoming flow are discussed.

Norberg, C. (2003). "Fluctuating lift on a circular cylinder: review and new measurements." Journal of Fluids and Structures 17(1): 57-96.

7Flow-induced vibration of a long, flexible, straked cylinder in uniform and linearly sheared currents

2004

The bare pipe riser vortex induced vibration (VIV) experiments were used to examine the influence of various lengths of strake converge on riser vibration. The objective of the tests was to demonstrate whether present riser VIV prediction formulations provide a robust basis for determining the effects of full and partial strake coverage on riser VIV.

Frank, W., et al. (2004). Flow-induced vibration of a long, flexible, straked cylinder in uniform and linearly sheared currents. Offshore Technology Conference.

43 Fluidelastic Instability Characteristics of Helical Steam Generator Tubes

2004

This study investigates the fluidelastic instability characteristics of helical steam generator type tubes used in operating nuclear power plants. To obtain a natural frequency, corresponding mode shape, and participation factor, modal analyses using various conditions are performed for helical type tubes. Investigated are the effects of the number of turns, the number of supports, and the status of the inner fluid on the modal and fluidelastic instability characteristics of the tubes, which are expressed in terms of the natural frequency, the corresponding mode shape, and the stability ratio.

Jo, J. C., et al. (2004). "Fluidelastic Instability Characteristics of Helical Steam Generator Tubes." Journal of the Korean Nuclear Society 36(4): 364-373.

48Fluidelastic instability of flexible tubes subjected to two-phaseinternal flow

2004

13

Flow induced vibrations of a triangular tube array in various arrangements of orientation and natural frequency

2005

Cross flow induced vibrations of a triangular tube array with a pitch ratio 1.33 were investigated experimentally. The experiment was aimed to study the effects of the array orientation, and the tube’s natural frequency on the flow induced vibration of the tube array. It is shown by amplitude diagrams that fluid elastic vibrations exist when the reduced velocity is above a critical value.

Chiang, C. H., et al. (2005). "Flow induced vibrations of a triangular tube array in various arrangements of orientation and natural frequency." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 28(4): 605-616.

46Fluid-Elastic Instability In Tube Arrays Subjected To Air-Water And Steam-Water Cross-Flow

2005

Mitra, D. R. (2005). Fluid-Elastic Instability In Tube Arrays Subjected To Air-Water And Steam-Water Cross-Flow, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles.

1Employing controlled vibrations to predict fluid forces on a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration

2006

In the present study the fluid forces are measured on a vertical cylinder that is forced to vibrate transversely to a water channel flow and compare directly to the forces encountered by freely vibrating cylinders under conditions where the amplitude, frequency and Reynolds number (Re) of the two cases carefully matched.At low mass damping the excitation needed to balance the energy dissipation is small and so the phase of the fluid force is also small, in this case the peak amplitude response of lightly damped body is quite unsteady, the cylinder is subjected to an intermittent switching between an upper and a lower response amplitude branch.

Morse, T. L. and C. H. K. Williamson (2006). "Employing controlled vibrations to predict fluid forces on a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration." Journal of Fluids and Structures 22(6-7): 877-884.

3Experimental Study of the Characteristics of the Flow in the First Rows of Tube Banks

2009

This paper presents the experimental study of the flow instabilities in the first rows of tube banks. The study is performed using hot wire anemometry technique in an aerodynamic channel as well as flow visualizations in a water channel.The main results show the presence of instabilities, generated after the second row of the tube bank, which propagates to the interior of the bank. In the resulting flow, the three orthogonal components are equally significant. The three-dimensional behavior of the flow is responsible for a mass redistribution inside the bank that leads to velocity values not expected for the studied geometry, according to the known literature.

Olinto, C. R., et al. (2009). "Experimental study of the characteristics of the flow in the first rows of tube banks." Nuclear Engineering and Design 239(10): 2022-2034.

4 Experimental study of the propagation of a far-field disturbance in the

2009 This paper presents the experimental analysis of the propagation of a disturbance with a fixed frequency in the incidence velocity of the

Endres, L. A. M. and S. V. Möller (2009). "Experimental study of the

turbulent flow through square array tube banks

cross flow through a tube bank, and its influence on the velocity fluctuations inside the bank.The results show that the frequency of the disturbance remains unchanged as it passes through the bank, and of the fact that flow velocity inside the bank varies with the position. This fact indicates that external excitations can be transferred to the solid boundaries of the bank maintaining their original frequency.

propagation of a far-field disturbance in the turbulent flow through square array tube banks." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 31(3): 232-242.

21Flow-excited acoustic resonance of two side-by-side cylinders in cross-flow

2009

The aeroacoustic response of two side-by-side circular cylinders in cross-flow is investigated experimentally. In order to investigate the effect of the gap between the cylinders on the acoustic resonance mechanism, six spacing ratios between the cylinders, in the range of T/ D = 1.25–3, have been investigated.In this case, acoustic resonances occur at a Strouhal number, which is between those observed before the onset of resonance. The acoustic resonance synchronizes vortex shedding in the two wakes and thereby eliminates the bistable flow phenomenon.

Hanson, R., et al. (2009). "Flow-excited acoustic resonance of two side-by-side cylinders in cross-flow." Journal of Fluids and Structures 25(1): 80-94.

34

Flow-induced vibrations of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. Part 1: Characteristics of vibration.

2009

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the flow-induced vibration characteristics of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement, with L/ D = 0.1–3.2 and reduced velocity U r =1.5–26, where L is the gap spacing between the cylinders and D is the cylinder diameter.

Kim, S., et al. (2009). "Flow-induced vibrations of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement. Part 1: Characteristics of vibration." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 97(5-6): 304-311.

47Fluid-elastic instability in tube arrays subjected to air-waterand steam-water cross-flow

2009

2

Experimental study and large eddy simulation of turbulent flow aroundtube bundles composed of wavy and circular cylinders

2010

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effects of wavy cylindrical tubes in a staggered heat exchanger tube bundle. Experimental measurements and large eddy simulation (LES) technique were used to study the turbulent flow characteristics in a staggered tube bundle arrangement at a sub-critical Reynolds number of Re = 7500. The aim of this investigation is to compare the flow characteristics of a new configuration of cylindrical tubes with that of a similar arrangement which comprises purely circular cylinders.

Lam, K., et al. (2010). "Experimental study and large eddy simulation of turbulent flow around tube bundles composed of wavy and circular cylinders." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 31(1): 32-44.

30 Flow-induced vibration of nuclear steam generator U-tubes in two-phase flow

2011 Flow-induced vibration characteristics of a U-tube bundle were experimentally investigated in air–water two-phase flow. The test section was equipped with 39 U-tubes, simulating the innermost region of an actual steam generator. Two sets of experiments were

Chu, I.-C., et al. (2011). "Flow-induced vibration of nuclear steam generator U-tubes in two-phase flow." Nuclear Engineering and

performed to investigate an onset of fluid-elastic instability, damping ratio, and hydrodynamic mass of the U-tubes. Design 241(5): 1508-1515.

6Experiments and computations of a loosely supported tube in a rigid bundle subjected to single-phase flow

2012

In this paper the problem of computing the nonlinear vibro-impact responses of loosely supported heat-exchanger tubes subjected to fluidelastic coupling forces, as well as to the turbulence excitation from transverse flows, is addressed. Emphasis is on the fluidelastic modeling within a time domain nonlinear framework, as well as on the stabilizing effect of impacts on the fluidelastic coupling forces.

Piteau, P., et al. (2012). "Experiments and computations of a loosely supported tube in a rigid bundle subjected to single-phase flow." Journal of Fluids and Structures 28: 56-71.