ARE THEY RIGHT FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION?

ARE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SAFE? The level of quality and safety of a Li-Ion battery depends on its manufacturer

LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

Higher initial cost (4-5x more)

$

Safety depends on good pack design

Possibility of thermal runaway

Requires a battery management system

(BMS)

BMS

BMS

HOW DOES LITHIUM-ION STACK UP AGAINST LEAD-ACID?

PROMISING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery technology has emerged as a challenger to traditional lead-acid batteries in industrial applications. Which battery makes sense for you? It depends on your application.

WHAT ARE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES?

Sealed batteries that retain their charge capacity for thousands of complete charge and discharge cycles1

3A family of battery technologies that use Li-Ions to store energy

1

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Longer run times

Tolerates high shock & vibration environments

Four times lighter and three times smaller

Can be left partially discharged

No maintenance

Higher power capability

Fast charge capable

Higher cycle life

2 Lightweight, rechargeable, high energy density batteries

Prices should continue to drop with maufacturing economies of scales and incremental technologies improvements. Li-Ion is currently 4-5x more expensive than lead-acid but has a better total cost of ownership (TCO) in some applications.

Utility Vehiclesrange, long life, low weight

Floor Care Machinessize, run time, low weight

Aerial Work Platforms & Scissor Lifts

performance, reliability, run time

Material Handlingfast charge, multishift environments

Powersports & Scootersperformance, range, low weight

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Cell Structures

CylindricalPrismaticLaminate/Pouch

Cobalt Oxide (LCO)Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA)Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)

CathodesIn approximate order of decreasing energy density, material cost, and safety risk

MAJOR CHEMISTRIES & CELL STRUCTURES OF LITHIUM-ION

Manganese Oxide (LMO)Iron Phosphate (LFP)Titanate (LTO)

CELL QUALITY

Not all Li-Ion batteries are equal. The cathode material used in Li-Ion batteries gives them their unique temperament. High quality, low variability manufacturing controls must be used for cell assembly

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)

Use and approve a BMS that can disconnect the cells or stop their charge/discharge

Consists of well made cells, a battery management system, and an intelligent charger. How do you do that? See below.

= A SAFER OVERALL SYSTEM

PACK INTEGRATION

A holistic risk management approach to the battery pack will design in safety at every level of integration. Consider cooling, interconnects, electrical insulation and packaging

SAFE AND SMART CHARGER

Delta-Q’s IC Series Industrial Battery Chargers are capable of charging both lead-acid and Li-Ion battery packs. Delta-Q works with major battery manufacturers to ensure safe operation of the battery and charger systems. Additional capabilities include support for CAN bus communication and customizable charging algorithms for motive applications.

By choosing a flexible charger, you will have the ability to use the same charger even if the battery type changes (lead-acid to Li-Ion)

An appropriately designed BMS is a necessity when lithium-ion is involved.“

”- Toby Gooley2

Senior Editor, DC Velocity

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) An electronic system that prevents Li-Ion batteries from going outside their safe operating conditions and, in the worse case, experiencing thermal runaway.

BMS

Functions of a BMS 1.

2.

3.

MeasurePack current and voltage, every cell voltage, and subset of cell temperatures

2.

2.

3.

MonitorFor over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature, and over-current

3.

2.

3.

ControlBalance cell state of charge, sends power and current limits to the machine, and derate or shut down the battery pack if needed

HOW TO SELECT A LITHIUM-ION CHARGER?

Pick a charger that will accurately recharge the batteries Voltage accuracy means you always get to 100% charge.Control accuracy means the charger responds appropriately to given commands.

2Pick a charger as smart as your batteriesBatteries are getting smarter with integration of CAN bus, USB, Modbus, and more. A charger that can connect to a BMS will form a robust system. Working together, the charger and BMS will keep you informed on your machine’s performance.

3

Pick a charger as reliable as your batteriesSealed, ruggedized chargers will survive.1

B+ B-

IC Series Charger

Li-IonBattery

www.delta-q.com

Delta-Q Technologies makes innovative battery charging solutions for lead-acid and lithium-ion battery chemistries.

References 2 DC Velocity: “The Allure of Lithium-ion”1 RenewableEnergyWorld.com: “Lead-acid Batteries - Merely a Launch Pad for Something Better?”

Powersports and material handling industries have started to adopt Li-Ion batteries because of their need for fast

charging and range

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This infographic is brought to you by Delta-Q Technologies. Contact us for more information on lithium battery chargers solutions.

Integration of Li-Ion batteries in the following industries is poised

for rapid growth

BMS