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B`ta`e [hsgurehs goVhsthrlBgu`s`ili

Tiub _, Ah`lr`eaEglsubt`lfFhgbgf`st

IKUS[IESI prhb`m`liry `lvhst`fit`gl go tah b`ta`e rhsgurehs go

whsthrl Bgu`s`ili chmglstrithc tah prhshleh go s`x mith-r`ibs su`tikbh is b`ta`e rhsgurehs tait irh lit`vh tg ta`s irhi,Sahy irh s`b`e`o`hc wggc" Hifbh ob`bb Eahrt" frivhb eahrt"Obhm`lf Frivhb Eahrt" Obhm`lf Gpib ilc EitiagubiUhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th, Sa`s piphr chser`khs tah liturh"geeurrhleh" c`st`lfu`sa`lf ittr`kuths ilc gr`f`l go hieamithr`ib, Sah rhpgrthc geeurrhleh go b`mhstglh is i lit`vh

UXKM@SSHC LG_ ," 9013

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

b`ta`e mithr`ib wis `lvhst`fithc, @ t wis ogulc lgt tg kh i li-t`vh b`ta`e rhsgureh w`ta`l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili,Sah geeurrhleh gob`ta`e rhsgurehs `s il `mpgrtilt oietgr

`l tah stucy go tah prha`stgry go Bgu`s`ili, Nlgwbhcfh gotah`r geeurrhleh ilc pays`eib ittr`kuths i`c frhitby `l tahstucy go prha`stgr`e suks`sthleh ilc shttbhmhlt pitthrls,Ilibys`s go tah c`str`kut`gl go c`oohrhlt b`ta`e mithr`ibs its`ths miy kh ushc tg stucy tah prgeurhmhlt ilc ut`b`zit`glgo liturib rhsgurehs ky prha`stgr`e eubturhs ilc pgss`kbyhbue`cith eailfhs w`ta`l i frgup&s thrr`tgry gr trich rhbit`gls, Khogrh suea stuc`hs eil kh cglh" i fhlhrib nlgwbhcfh go tah geeurrhleh" liturh" ilc c`st`lfu`sa`lf ittr`kuths go lit`vh b`ta`e mithr`ibs must kh chvhbgphc,

Sah purpgsh go ta`s piphr `s tg hxim`lh tah geeurrhlehilc liturh go lit`vh b`ta`e mithr`ibs w`ta`l whsthrlBgu`s`ili, @ t prhshlts i fhlhrib gvhrv`hw go tah liturh" geeurrhleh" gr`f`l" ilc c`st`lfu`sa`lf ohiturhs go tahsh b`ta`emithr`ibs,

SH[M@LGBGFP ILC EBIUU@O@EIS@GLSa`s stucy ushs tah thrm`lgbgfy go Imkuhab !9060:08-01) ilc Nliuta !906;: 9?-;3) ogr rgens egmpgshc go s`b`ei"U`4;, Sahy cho`lhc +gpib+ is imgrpagus s`b`ei" wa`ea ogrms

tah rgen" gpib" ilc tah k`lc`lf mithr`ib `l sgmhsilcstglhs, Ky tah`r cho`l`t`gl" eahrt `s i rgen tait egls`stsgo glh gr mgrh vir`ht`hs go m`ergerystibb`lh s`b`ei" quirtz,Sah`r vir`ht`hs go m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz irh frilubirm`ergerystibb`lh quirtz" o`krgus quirtz" ilc mhfiquirtz,Sah strueturh ilc c`iflgst`e prgphrt`hs go tahsh ogrms gom`ergerystibb`lh quirtz whrh f`vhl ky Imkuhab !9060:08-06) ilc Nliuta !906;: 96-;5), Is cho`lhc ikgvh" jisphr"lgvieub`th" ob`lt" eaibehcgly" ilc s`m`bir mithr`ibs irhegbgr ilc thxturib vir`it`gls go eahrt,Ogr purpgshs go ta`s rhpgrt" m`lhribgfy" thxturhs" ilc rhb`et thxturhs irh ushc ogr tah ebiss`o`eit`gl go b`ta`e mithr`ibs

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

egmpgshc go s`b`ei, Thtrgfripa`e ilibys`s go phtrgfripa`eta`l shet`gls miy gkjhet`vhby ilc rhprgcue`kby chthrm`lhtah hxiet m`lhribgfy" thxturh" ilc rhb`et thxturh go i b`ta`emithr`ib, Is ibb eahrts ogrm ky tah rhpbiehmhlt" eiv`ty o`bb`lf" gr ibthrit`gl go i prhhx`st`lf mithr`ib" tah rhb`et thxturh-tah thxturh `lahr`thc orgm ta`s prhhx`st`lf rhpbiehcgr ibthrhc mithr`ib-`s `mpgrtilt `l chthrm`l`lf gr`f`l ilcusuibby tah sgureh go i eahrt, O`libby" tah phtrgfripa`e ilibys`s go b`ta`e mithr`ibs miy egrrhbith pays`eib ittr`kuthsw`ta`l i b`ta`e mithr`ib,

Xlogrtulithby" tah v`suib ittr`kuths pgsshsshc ky i s`lfbhb`ta`e mithr`ib" pirt`eubirby gpibs ilc eahrts" miy viryfrhitby, Ittr`kuths suea is egbgr" c`ipaily" orieturh" ilcbusthr" miy viry frhitby w`ta`l i b`ta`e mithr`ib, Sah vir`it`gl rhsubts orgm m`lgr c`oohrhlehs `l trieh hbhmhlts ilcgtahr m`lgr eglst`tuhlts w`ta`l i b`ta`e mithr`ib !h,f,"MeKr`ch ilc Sagmsgl 9064:38-?4), @l icc`t`gl" ittr`kuths suea is busthr" orieturh" ilc egbgr bien`lf Mulshb lgtit`gls irh sukjhet`vh `l liturh, Is i eglshquhleh" tahygothl viry ieegrc`lf tg tah `lvhst`fitgr chser`k`lf tahm,

LIS@_H B@SA@E [HUGX[UHUThtrgfripa`e ilc v`suib hxim`lit`gl go mithr`ibs ilc irt`oiets orgm whsthrl Bgu`s`ili `lc`eithc tah prhshleh goo`vh b`ta`e mithr`ibs su`tikbh ogr tah miluoieturh go ir

t`oiets, Sahy irh s`b`e`o`hc wggc" Hifbh A`bb Eahrt" frivhbeahrt" Obhm`lf Gpib ilc Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiryYuirtz`th, I s`xta mithr`ib" i kbien frivhb eahrt" geeursw`ta`l tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl" kut mithr`ib ogr hxim`lit`gl ais khhl ulgkti`likbh, Ibtagufa b`sthc ky gtahrs is ilit`vh" ut`b`zhc b`ta`e mithr`ib" prha`stgr`e eubturhs oi`bhc tgush b`mhstglh tg miluoieturh irt`oiets `l whsthrlBgu`s`ili,

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

U`b`e`o`hc VggcShrt`iry striti eglti`l`lf phtr`o`hc wggc gutergp `lkrgic kilcs iergss whsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Sah phtr`o`hc wggctait `s usikbh is i b`ta`e rhsgureh egls`sts go wggc rhpbiehcky gpib gr eahrt, Ahleh" phtr`o`hc wggc ushc tg miluoie-turh irt`oiets `s mgrh prgphrby eibbhc +s`b`e`ohc wggc,+

Chphlc`lf gl tah chfrhh go rhpbiehmhlt ky s`b`ei"s`b`e`o`hc wggc miy viry frhicy `l `ts pays`eib prgphrt`hs,@o `t rhti`ls muea go `ts gr`f`lib grfil`e mitthr" `t w`bb pgsshss i kbien tg cirn frhy egbgr ilc thlc tg orieturh ibglftah gr`f`lib fri`l go tah wggc ogrm`lf obit ilc eurvhc orieturhs, Vggc phrm`lhrib`zhc ibmgst hlt`rhby ky s`b`ei w`bbogrm i airc mithr`ib tait w`bb orieturh w`ta i su`tikbh egleag`cib orieturh, @ts egbgr" c`ipaily" busthr" ilc gtahr ittr`kuths w`bb chphlc upgl tah trieh hbhmhlts ilc m`lgr eglst`tuhlts tait irh `legrpgrithc `ltg tah s`b`ei mitr`x, Sahrhb`et strueturh go tah s`b`e`o`hc wggc miy kh prhshrvhc tgvir`gus chfrhhs gr oi b tg kh prhshrvhc cur`lf tah s`b`e`o`eit`gl prgehss,

Sah vir`it`gl `l egbgr" busthr" c`ipaily" ilc gtahr ittr`kuths rhsubthc orgm tah vir`ikbh imgult go `mpur`t`hs `legrpgrithc `ltg tah s`b`e`o`hc wggc&s gpib gr eahrt, Sahsh`mpur`t`hs `lebuch `rgl gx`chs" grfil`e mitthr" milfilhshc`gx`chs" iutahfhl`e ebiys" ilc vir`gus trieh hbhmhlts,V`ta`l ilc khtwhhl `lc`v`cuib p`hehs go s`b`e`o`hc wggcorgm tah simh striti" egls`chrikbh vir`it`gls `l tahimgults go tahsh `mpur`t`hs miy geeur, Sah vir`ikbh prgp-grt`gls go tahsh mithr`ibs prhshlt w`ta`l s`b`e`o`hc wggcs rh-subthc orgm tah bgeib`zhc ilc ahthrgfhlhgus fhgeahm`eibhlv`rglmhlt `l wa`ea s`b`e`o`eit`gl tinhs pbieh !B, T,Nliuta phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9019> Nliuta 906;:33-38> Bhg 9068),I c`vhrsh vir`hty go sphe`hs ilc fhlhri go ile`hlt trhhsgeeur is s`b`e`o`hc wggc, Sah mgst c`st`let`vh go tahsh ogss`bwggcs `s i typh go s`b`e`o`hc wggc eibbhc +pibm wggc+ kyrgen egbbhetgrs ilc fhgbgf`sts, Tibm wggc `s i frgup go ogs-

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

s`b wggcs tait eglti`l prgm`lhlt rgc-b`nh strueturhs w`ta`ltah rhfubir fri`l go s`b`e`o`hc wggc, Chphlc`lf gl tahilfbh it wa`ea tahsh strueturhs irh eut ky orieturhs" tahysagw up is spgts" tiphr`lf rgcs" gr eglt`lugus b`lhs, Sahrgc-b`nh strueturhs irh sebhrhleaymi kulcbhs tait egmpr`shc pirt go tah wggcy t`ssuhs ilc fivh vhrt`ebh strhlftatg tah Gb`fgehlh ilc M`gehlh trhh fhlhri" Tibmgxybgl!Khrry 909?:;;6-;89> Kbienwhbbhti@,9015:3-8),

Sah rhmi`lchr go tah s`b`e`o`hc wggc tait rhti`ls `ts rhb`etwggcy strueturh egls`sts go s`b`e`o`hc wggc w`ta i ritahrlglchser`pt fri`l !Kriss`hur 9015:;84), Fhlhribby" tah`chlt`o`eit`gl go tahsh s`b`e`o`hc wggcs `s `mpgss`kbh w`tagutgr`hlthc ta`l shet`gls" sphe`ib`zhc rhohrhlehs" ilc egmpirit`vh mithr`ib !Kbienwhbb ht ib, 9015:;), Sahrhogrh tahyirh khst chser`khc is +s`b`e`o`hc wggc+ `l tah o`hbc ilc bikgritgry,

I bhss egmmgl ogrm go s`b`e`o`hc wggc geeurs w`ta`lwhsthrl Bgu`s`ili, @ t egls`sts go s`b`e`o`hc wggc l wa`ea tahrhb`et wggcy strueturh ais oi`bhc tg kh prhshrvhc cur`lf `tss`b`e`o`eit`gl, @ t miy rhti`l tah guthr ogrm go i phrm`lhrib`zhc truln" krilea" b`mk gr stump" kut `lthrlibby `tegls`sts go miss`vh gpib gr eahrt, Sah miss`vh gpib gr eahrteglti`ls glby seitthrhc piteahs go whbb tg vhry pggrby prhshrvhc rhmlilts go tah wggc&s rhb`et wggcy strueturh, Sahc`oohrhlehs `l prhshrvit`gl go tah wggcy thxturh rhobhet c`oohrhlt mgchs go s`b`e`o`eit`gl" rhsubt`lf `l c`oohrhlt triehhbhmhlt egmpgs`t`gls khtwhhl ta`s ilc gtahr typhs gos`b`e`o`hc wggc !B, T, Nliuta phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl9019),

B`m`thc phtrgfripa`e ilibys`s go s`b`e`o`hc wggc orgm tahM`gehlh striti go whsthrl Bgu`s`ili `lc`eiths tait `t egls`sts go gpib gr eahrt, Sah kubn go tah bitthr egls`sts mgstbygo frilubir m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz eglti`l`lf bhsshrimgults go o`krgus quirtz is `rrhfubir piteahs ilc tah o`bb`lf go ehbb `lthr`grs mgstby `l tah ogrm go eaibehcgl`th,[irh p`hehs go s`b`e`o`hc wggc egls`st go gpib pirt`ibby gr

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

wagbhby rhti`l`lf i vhry pggrby prhshrvhc rhb`et wggcy thxturh, M`lgr tg trieh imgults go `rgl gx`chs" grfil`e mit-thr" ilc gtahr mithr`ibs geeur w`ta`l tah s`b`e`o`hc wggc isc`sshm`lithc gpiquh mitthr,

Sah `lo`bb`lf go tah ehbbubir strueturh go wggc ky s`b`eiogrmhc tah M`gehlh s`b`e`o`hc wggc, V`ta`l tah M`gehlhstriti" frgulcwithr c`ssgbvhc s`b`ei orgm fbissy vgbeil`emithr`ibs eglti`lhc `l tah striti, Sah s`b`ei" `l tah ogrm gos`b`e`e ie`c" ittieahc `tshbo tg b`f`l ilc ehbbubgsh go tah wggcis frgulcwithr pisshc targufa tah wggc, Saus" i biyhr gos`b`e`e ie`c ogrmhc gl tah wggc, Sah s`b`e`e ie`c chaycrithc`ltg s`b`ei fhb, Sg ta`s biyhr go s`b`ei fhb" mgrh s`b`e`e ie`c ittieahc `tshbo hvhltuibby o`bb`lf ilc hleis`lf tah wggc w`tas`b`i fhb, Eglt`luhc chaycrit`gl go tah s`b`ei fhb eglvhrthc`t `ltg gpib, V`ta icc`t`glib t`mh" chaycrit`gl ilc erystibb`zit`gl go tah gpib eglvhrthc `t `ltg eahrt, Sah prhshleh gogrfil`e mitthr eitibyzhc ilc aisthlhc tah eailfh orgmgpib tg eahrt, @l sgmh eishs" sgmh go tah gr`f`lib wggcymitthr rhmi`lhc hleishc `l s`b`ei, Gtahrw`sh" tah wggcymitthr cheiyhc ilc s`b`ei o`bbhc tah rhsubt`lf vg`cs !Bhg9068),

Sah pr`miry sgureh go s`b`e`o`hc wggc `l whsthrlBgu`s`ili `s gutergpp`lf M`gehlh striti" tah Eitiagubiilc Obhm`lf ogrmit`gls, Sahsh striti gutergp `l i krgic"whst-hist khbt iergss upphr _hrlgl Tir`sa" bgwhr Uik`lhTir`sa" ilc m`ccbh [ip`chs Tir`sa !Ilchrsgl 90?4> O`sn9034> Vhbea 903;), Vhbea !903;:39) ilc O`sn !9034:98?)lgthc s`b`e`o`hc wggc" mgstby pibm wggc" hrgc`lf gut go tahObhm`lf Ogrmit`gl, Mitsgl !909?:;98) ogulc il ikul-cileh go s`b`e`o`hc wggc" mgstby pibm wggc" hrgc`lf gut gotah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl,

Sah s`b`e`o`hc wggc geeurs `l i vir`hty g! s`zhs orgm phkkbh-s`zh orifmhlts tg birfh bgfs, Sah bgfs eil kh shvhribmhthrs bglf ilc gvhr i mhthr `l c`imhthr, Ugmh birfh bgfseil kh shhl khs`ch i pr`vith rhs`chleh gl tah whst s`ch go

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

X,U, A`fawiy 969 it i pg`lt 4,3 m`bh sguta go Agrlkhen"Bgu`s`ili,Kriss`hur !9015:;89) chser`khc i typ`eib geeurrhleh gos`b`e`o`hc wggc, Uguta go N`sitea`" Bgu`s`ili" B`ttbh Uilcy

Erhhn ais eut cgwl is muea is 9? m `ltg bgeib M`gehlhstriti, Sah erhhn&s silc kirs ilc eaillhb frivhbs eglti`lbirfh" ilfubir bgf orifmhlts ilc rgulchc egkkbhs ilc phk-kbhs go s`b`e`o`hc wggc, Ubgph ilc strhim hrgs`gl ais hrgchcilc eglehltrithc `t `l tah erhhn&s silcs ilc frivhbs,U`b`e`o`hc wggc eil kh ogulc gl tah upbilc suroieh wahrhv-hr M`gehlh striti `s hxpgshc ky c`sshet`gl !Kriss`hur9015:;89),[gen egbbhetgrs aivh rhmgvhc vist imgults go s`b`e`o`hcwggc orgm whsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Is i mhmkhr go i fhm ilcm`lhrib sge`hty" ta`s iutagr gkshrvhc ilc pirt`e`pithc `lta`s wagbhsibh rhmgvib go s`b`e`o`hc wggc orgm tah FuboEgistib rhf`gl `lebuc`lf whsthrl Bgu`s`ili l hirb`hr yhirs,Thrsglib gkshrvit`gl ilc `lqu`r`hs `lc`eithc tait tahwagbhsibh rhmgvib go s`b`e`o`hc wggc orgm whsthrlBgu`s`ili eglt`luhs ulikithc, Sahrhogrh" ily eurrhlt sur-oieh itthmpts tg `lvhltgry ilc mip tah geeurrhleh gos`b`e`o`hc wggc w`bb rhvhib glby i pirt`ib p`eturh go `ts geeur-rhleh `l prha`stgr`e t`mhs,

Thtr`o`hc wggc ais khhl rhpgrthc orgm gtahr gutergp-p`lf striti `l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Xlogrtulithby" `ts egmpg-s`t`gl ilc eairiethr `s eurrhltby ulnlgwl, Ilchrsgl!90?4:?5"0; ilc 945) rhpgrthc tah geeurrhleh go phtr`o`hcwggc w`ta`l tah gutergps go tah Uilchb" Egeno`hbc" ilcUumm`t Aibb Ogrmit`gls go Ehltrib Uik`lh Tir`sa, Murriy! 9031: 998) lgthc tah prhshleh go phtr`o`hc wggc `l tahBgfilspgrt Ogrmit`gl go ehltrib Ch Ugtg Tir`sa, Mirt`l htib, !9083: 9;3) ogulc phtr`o`hc wggc `l sg`bs chr`vhc orgmtah V`begx Frgup go sgutahisthrl Vhksthr Tir`sa,

@l ehltrib ilc sgutahrl pgrt`gls go whsthrl Bgu`s`ili"s`b`e`o`hc wggc geeurs w`ta`l Tbh`stgehlh silcs ilc frivhbs,Ogr hximpbh" egkkbh ilc phkkbhs go rhwgrnhc pibm wggc

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

geeur `l tah `rgl-sti`lhc frivhbby silcs tait eip tah a`bbs gotah Kiygu Zgur`h irhi w`ta`l _hrlgl Tir`sa !N, J, Jgbbyphrsglib egmmul`eit`gls 9013), Sa`s M`gehlh s`b`e`o`hcwggc wis hrgchc orgm tah ulchrby`lf M`gehlh striti, SahTbh`stgehlh striti m`fat eglti`l s`b`e`o`hc wggc lit`vh tg `t!Kbienwhbb ht ib, 9015:3),

Hifbh A`bb EahrtV`ta`l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi go tah Thisgl [`cfh M`b`tiry

[hshrvit`gl w`ta`l Uik`lh Tir`sa" i eahrt geeurs w`ta`l tahbgeib M`gehlh striti, Kheiush go `ts rhstr`ethc geeurrhlehilc prha`stgr`e ush `l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi" `t `s limhc tah+Hifbh A`bb Eahrt,+ @t `s i miss`vh s`b`e`o`hc wggc tait biensily v`suibby rhegfl`zikbh rhb`et wggcy strueturh,

_ir`gus iutagrs aivh f`vhl lumhrgus limhs tg tahHifbh A`bb Eahrt, Uhrvhbbg ilc K`ilea` !9015:566-8??)eibbhc ta`s mithr`ib kgta +Obhm`lf Gpib+ ilc +Thisgl[`cfh Gpib,+ Jgbby !901;:;04- ;0;) sukc`v`chc tah HifbhA`bb Eahrt `ltg shvhrib eithfgr`hs go +v`suibby c`st`let mithr`ibs+ kishc upgl a`faby vir`ikbh ilc sukjhet`vh ittr`kuths,Sah +b`fat til" cirn til" cirn til mgttbhc" b`fat til mgttbhc" b`fat til gpiquh" rhc'yhbbgw" wa`th gpiquh" krgwlgpiquh ilc sgmh frhy gpiquh eahrts+ ilc tah +eaibehcgly+ ilc +trilsbuehlt egrthx+ irh Hifbh A`bb Eahrt ilc`ts egrthx is chmglstrithc ky phtrgfripa`e ilibys`s, Sah+kbien+ ilc +kbien mgttbhc+ eahrts go Jgbby !901;:;09) irhtahrmibby ibthrhc Hifbh A`bb Eahrt, Kriss`hur !9015:;85)`lebuchc tah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt `l a`s +Hifbh A`bb mithr`ib,+

Hifbh A`bb Eahrt `s i airc" miss`vh" m`ergerystibb`lh s`b ei,@t krhins w`ta i smggta tg `rrhfubir egleag`cib orieturh"wa`ea rhvhibs i cubb tg wixy" gpiquh tg trilsbuehlt eahrt,@ t biens ily rhegfl`zikbh rhb`et wggcy thxturh, Sa`s eahrtibsg biens ily v`s`kbh erystibs gr fri`ls tait eil kh chser`khcis +o`lh-fri`lhc+ tg +egirsh-fri`lhc+ `l tah tric`t`glibfhgbgf`eib usifh go tahsh thrms !h,f," Thtt`jgal htib, 9065: 9-5) is lgthc ky Jgbby !901;:;04-;0;), Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

ais i wa`th" hirtay egrthx tait biens ily pgb`sahc phkkbhsuroiehs gr issge`ithc whitahr`lf r`lcs, Sah whitahr`lfr`lcs pgsshsshc ky sgmh Hifbh A`bb Eahrt irh issge`ithcw`ta eubturibby ogrmhc suroiehs !Ah`lr`ea 9015:88;),

Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt ais i wa`th tg goo-wa`th egrthx, @ tvir`hs orgm i ohw mm tg shvhrib em `l ta`enlhss, Sah egrthxgo il ulmgc`o`hc lgcubh go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt ipphirhc tgfrich `ltg ebiystglh, @lebus`gls go eahrt orhquhltby geeurw`ta`l tah egrthx, Sah eahrt-egrthx kgulciry vir`hs orgmi sairp b`lh tg i egmpbhx `lthro`lfhr`lf gokgta mithr`ibs,

Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt egls`sts go m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz,Ikgut 0? tg 06 phrehlt go ta`s eahrt egls`sts go frilubirm`ergerystibb`lh quirtz, Sah rhmi`lchr egls`sts go o`krgusquirtz ilc il ul`chlt`o`hc wa`th gpiquh mithr`ib tait `so`lhby c`sshm`lithc targufagut tah eahrt, Sah ikulcilehilc c`str`kut`gl go ta`s wa`th gpiquh mithr`ib ipphirs tgegltrgb tah egbgr ilc c`ipaily go ta`s eahrt, Sah ikshlehgo gtahr `mpur`t`hs" tah c`sshm`lithc liturh go tah wa`thgpiquh mithr`ib" ilc tah rhbit`vhby ul`ogrm fri`l s`zh gotah m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz hxpbi`l tah bien go i v`s`kbh rhb`etwggcy thxturh, Sah wa`th egrthx egls`sts go sukhquib prgpgrt`gls go m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz ilc wa`th gpiquh mithr`ib, Sah wa`th whitahr`lf r`lc eglti`ls i s`m`bir" pgss`kbyc`oohrhlt" wa`th gpiquh mithr`ib tait ais ogrmhc w`ta`l taheahrt, Sah wa`th gpiquh mithr`ib `l kgta tah egrthx ilcwhitahr`lf r`lc hlaileh tah pggrby prhshrvhc" rhb`etwggcy strueturh gkshrvikbh glby `l ta`l shet`gls, @l taheahrt" oi`lt c`oohrhlehs `l tah rhoriet`vh `lchxhs go tahm`ergerystibb`lh quirtz ilc tah o`krgus quirtz pggrby prhshrvh i rhb`et wggcy thxturh,

Ibtagufa gkv`gus quirry s`ths ogr tah Hifbh A`bb Eahrtirh eurrhltby bien`lf" ireaihgbgf`eib ilc phtrgfripa`e citi`lc`eith tait `ts sgurehs irh w`ta`l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi, !9)@ ts m`lhribgfy ilc rhb`et thxturh rhshmkbhs tait go tah bgeibs`b`e`o`hc wggcs, !;) Birfh imgults go pr`miry ilc sheglciry rhcuet`gl chkr`s `lebuc`lf birfh eaulns go egrthx ilc

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

eahrt geeur it tah Hifbh A`bb @ U`th" 9?UI1" `lc`eit`lf taiti sgureh geeurs lhir tah s`th, !5) Birfh imgults go pr`miryilc sheglciry rhcuet`gl chkr`s go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt ilc `tsegrthx geeurs it tah Hifbh A`bb @@ U`th" 9?UI84" `lc`eit`lfi lhirky sgureh, !3) Ikgut 06 tg 05 phrehlt go tah irt`oietsit kgta s`ths egls`sts go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt, O`libby" !8) ulmgc-`o`hc lgcubhs go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt is chthrm`lhc ky phtrgf-ripa`e ilibys`s geeur sgutawhst go Hifbh A`bb,

Ibtagufa s`m`bir `l ipphirileh" tah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt c`oohrs thxturibby ilc m`lhribgf`eibby orgm tah Hcwircs Eahrtogulc `l ehltrib Shxis, Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt biens tah eibe`th" cgbgm`th" ilc pyr`th `lebus`gls" tah rhb`et eirkgliththxturhs" spglfh sp`eubhs" ilc c`sshm`lithc eirkgliehgusmitthr ogulc `l tah Hcwircs Eahrt !Fhlg 906?:59-33>Ogbn ilc T`ttmil 9069:9438-943?> T`ttmil 9080:9;9-953), Saus" tah thxturh ilc m`lhribgfy go tah Hifbh A`bbEahrt rhshmkbhc tait go tah bgeib s`b`e`o`hc wggc ritahr tailtah Hcwircs Eahrt, Icc`t`glib rhshirea eglehrlhc w`tatah Hcwircs Eahrt is i sgureh go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt issuffhsthc ky Krgwl !901;: 960) `s ulwirrilthc,

Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt oi`bs tg rhshmkbh tah eahrt ogulc `lrhf`glib Tbh`stgehlh frivhbs, Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt biens tahmgbcs go ogrmhr eibe`th ilc cgbgm`th `leus`gls" rhb`et thxturhs go s`b`e`o`hc hvipgr`ths ilc eirkgliths" spglfhsp`eubhs" `rgl gx`chs" thetgl`e mhfiquirtz" whitahr`lfr`lcs" ilc phkkbh suroiehs pgsshsshc ky tah frivhb eahrtw`ta`l tah Tbh`stgehlh chpgs`ts, @lvhst`fit`gl go tahshfrivhb eahrt chpgs`ts tg tah sguta ky ta`s iutagr" K`ilea`!phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9013)" ilc Uhrvhbbg !phrsglibegmmul`eit`gl 9013) oi`bhc tg o`lc ily Hifbh A`bb Eahrtw`ta`l tahm, Sahrhogrh" tah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt oi`bs tg geeurw`ta`l tah Tbh`stgehlh frivhb eahrts is suffhsthc ky Firlhr!901;: 9;?) ilc Krgwl !9019 :?4-?9),

Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt prgkikby geeurrhc is s`b`e`o`hcwggc `l tah ogrm go bgfs gr lgcubhs `l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi,Sah ush go suea geeurrhlehs m`fat m`lh gut ta`s mithr`ib"

963

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11/26

B`ta`e [hsgurshs

bhiv`lf glby seitthrhc eglehltrit`gls go egrthx, Uhvhribsuea eglehltrit`gls go egrthx chkr`s hx`st w`ta`l tah HifbhA`bb irhi !h,f," 9?UI984) !I, O, Uhrvhbbg phrsglib egmmul`-eit`gls 9013),

Is tah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt `s i miss`vh typh go s`b`e`o`hcwggc" `t miy geeur targufagut tah gutergp go tah Obhm`lfOgrmit`gl w`ta`l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Kriss`hur !9015:;83)lgthc tah geeurrhleh go Hifbh A`bb Eahrt targufagut tahThisgl [`cfh M`b`tiry [hshrvit`gl irhi `l Uik`lh Tir`sa,Sah Hifbh A`bb Eahrt" agwhvhr" glby cgm`liths tah irt`oietuib isshmkbifhs w`ta`l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi ilc geeursspgric`eibby hbshwahrh, Sahrhogrh miss`vh" eahrty s`b`e`o`hcwggc gutergps is `sgbithc eglehltrit`gls w`ta`l tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl go Vhbea !903;), @ o prhshlt" s`m`bir eglehltrit`gls go miss`vh s`b`e`o`hc wggc miy prgcueh hxgt`e ip-phir`lf eahrts tait aivh bgeib sgurehs,

Frivhb EahrtSah mgst `mpgrtilt ilc ut`b`zhc b`ta`e rhsgurehs go prh-a`stgr`e whsthrl Bgu`s`ili `s eahrt frivhb, Sa`s eahrt egm

pr`shs mgrh tail 04 phrehlt go tah frivhb tait geeurs w`ta`lTbh`stgehlh striti ilc Agbgehlh strhim shc`mhlts, Saheahrt frivhb `s eibbhc +frivhb eahrt+ tg hmpais`zh `ts gr`f`lilc sgureh, Ogrmit`glib ilc ifh chthrm`liths irh gm`tthcorgm ta`s limh tg rhegfl`zh thmpgrib ilc strit`fripa`e ul-ehrti`lt`hs w`ta`l tah Tbh`stgehlh striti go Bgu`s`ili is whbbis tah geeurrhleh go tahsh frivhbs `l Agbgehlh obuv`ib shc`mhlts,

Lumhrgus limhs aivh khhl f`vhl ta`s typh go eahrt,Kriss`hur !9015:;85) eibbhc `t +phkkbh eahrt,+ Firlhr!901;:9;;) `lebuchc `t w`ta`l a`s +s`b`ehgus frivhbs,+ Jgbbyc`v`chc `t `ltg +frhy gpiquh+ ilc +rhc gpiquh+ eahrts, Sah+eirmhb gpiquh+ eahrt go Jgbby !901;:;0;) `s tahrmibby ibthrhc frivhb eahrt, Sah chser`pt`gls go tah +saibh+ go Bgphz!901;: 988) `lc`eiths tait `t `s rhibby frivhb eahrt, Mgst egmmglby" frivhb eahrt `s s`mpby eibbhc +bgeib eahrt+ !h,f," Vhkkht ib, 9069 :;8-;?),

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

Sah frivhb eahrts egls`st go i ahthrgfhlhgus vir`hty goeahrts `l tah ogrm go a`faby whitahrhc ilc rgulchc frivhb,Syp`eibby" `t egls`sts go phkkbhs bhss tail o`vh em `l c`imh-thr, [irh kgubchrs ilc egkkbhs goeahrt ibsg geeur w`ta`l tahTbh`stgehlh striti ibglf w`ta tah phkkbh s`zh frivhb !F, Chegth" phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 901;> Vggcwirc ilc Fhlg9039),

Sahsh eahrts egls`st go airc" m`ergerystibb`lh s`b`ei, Sahypgsshss whbb-chvhbgphc phkkbh suroiehs ilc whitahr`lfr`lcs, Mgst go tahsh phkkbhs krhin ibglf prhhx`st`lf orieturhs" ogrm`lf `rrhfubir gr obit suroiehs ulsu`tikbh ogr tahmiluoieturh go irt`oiets, Hlgufa go tah frivhb eahrt krhinsw`ta i egleag`cib orieturh" agwhvhr" tg prgv`ch i usikbhsgureh go eahrt, @l sgmh eishs" tah pggr quib`ty ilc b`m`thcs`zh go tah eahrt frivhb ioohethc tah ogrm go irt`oiets michorgm `t !Kriss`hur 9015:;85),

Sah egbgr go tah frivhb eahrt vir`hs egls`chrikby, Mgstbycubb" gpiquh b`fat frhys" wa`ths" krgwl`sa yhbbgws" cirn yhbbgw`sa krgwls" ilc gtahr egbgrs go tah @GP[ auh cgm`lithtah egbgr go ta`s mithr`ib, Egbgrs rilf`lf orgm whin rhc!bG[ 3'3) tg b`fat gb`vh krgwl aivh khhl lgthc `l frivhb ilcirt`oiets hxim`lhc, Auhs rhcchr tail bG[ ipphir tg rhprh-shlt egbgrs ogrmhc ky tahrmib ibthrit`gl" kheiush tahsh egbgrs fhlhribby irh issge`ithc w`ta ohiturhs suea is pgtb`csilc spibb`lf, Sah frivhb eahrts irh typ`eibby cubb ilcgpiquh ilc miy eglti`l mgbcs go ogss`bs" pgrhs" gr gtahrvg`cs,

Thkkbh suroiehs ilc whitahr`lf r`lcs ibsg eairiethr`zhtah frivhb eahrts, Kheiush go tah smibb s`zh go tah eahrt phkkbhs" mgst irt`oiets mich orgm frivhb eahrt w`bb rhti`l i pgr-t`gl go tah phkkbh suroieh" whitahr`lf r`lc" gr kgta, Sahphkkbh suroieh egls`sts go i pgb`sahc suroieh pgsshss`lfeglehltr`e seirs eibbhc +phreuss`gl mirns,+ Khlhita taitsuroieh" whitahr`lf erhithc biyhrs go c`oohrhlt`ibby sti`lhceahrt w`ta`l tah phkkbh" wa`ea irh whitahr`lf r`lcs, Gl tahkrgnhl oiehs go tah irt`oiets" tahsh r`lcs ipphir is kilcs go

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

egbgr" typ`eibby go tah 94P[ auh" tait irh m`bb`mhthrs `lta`enlhss ilc tait piribbhb tah phkkbh&s ogrmhr suroieh, -

Frivhb eahrt egls`sts ibmgst hlt`rhby go m`ergerystibb`lhquirtz, Sah simpbhs hxim`lhc egls`sthc pr`mir`by gofrilubir m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz w`ta bhsshr imgults goo`krgus quirtz ilc mhfiquirtz, F`vhl tah vir`hc gr`f`l gotahsh eahrts" c`oohr`lf ikulcilehs go tah typhs go m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz miy geeur w`ta`l tah frivhb eahrts, Sahsimpbhs hxim`lhc" agwhvhr" typ`o`hc tah frivhb eahrts `ltait tahy eglti`lhc sgmh thxturh gr rhb`et thxturh go ilgcubir gr khcchc eahrt, Ogr hximpbh" tahsh thxturhs ilcrhb`et thxturhs `lebuchc tah mgbcs go cgbgm`th ilc eibe`therystibs" eists go hvipgr`ths" Tibhgzg`e ogss`bs" spglfhsp`eubhs" chtr`tib fri`ls go quirtz s`bt" lgvieub`t`e thxturhs"bim`lit`gls" kurrgws" ilc thetgl`e vh`ls go mhfiquirtz,Ibsg" tah o`krgus quirtz egls`sts pr`mir`by go quirtz`lh ilcbhut`e`th,

I prgm`lhlt phtrgfripa`e ohiturh go tah frivhb eahrthxim`lhc wis tah phrvis`vh prhshleh go `rgl gx`chs, Sahyaivh o`bbhc tah mgbcs go eibe`th ilc cgbgm`th `lebus`gls"sti`lhc o`krgus quirtz" ilc rhpbiehc spglfh sp`eubhs,Sahsh `rgl gx`chs aivh ibsg khhl o`lhby c`sshm`lithctargufagut tah m`ergerystibb`lh quirtz mitr`x, Sah s`zh"saiph" typhs" ilc eglehltrit`gl go tah `rgl gx`chs ipphirtg aivh chthrm`lhc tah egbgr go tah eahrt,

Sah frivhb eahrt rhprhshlts tah hrgchc" whitahrhc" ilcr`vhr-wgrl rhmi`ls go lgcubir eahrts !s`b`e`o`hc eirkgliths)ilc khcchc eahrts !b`ta`o`hc s`b`ehgus shc`mhlts), Sahy ibbeglti`l thxturhs" rhb`et thxturhs" ogss`bs" `lebus`gls" ilcstrueturhs tait rhobhet tah eahrt&s gr`f`l l Tibhgzg`e mir`lhshc`mhlts, Ueagbbh !9061) `bbustrithc sgmh go tahsh thxturhs" ogss`bs" `lebus`gls" ilc strueturhs ogr uls`b`e`o`hcmir`lh eirkgliths, Lgcubir eahrts `lahr`thc tahsh ohiturhswahl tahy rhpbiehc tahsh eirkgliths, Fgbcsth`l !9080) ilcMeKr`ch ilc Sagmsgl !9064) `bbustrithc sgmh go tah ohiturhs go khcchc eahrts ogrmhc orgm tah b`ta`o`eit`gl ilc rh-

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

erystibb`zit`gl go gpib`lh shc`mhlts egmpgshc go tah rhmi`ls go m`ergsegp`e grfil`sms,V`chsprhic hrgs`gl rhmgvhc eahrts orgm gutergps go

Tibhgzg`e striti `l tah Irkuenbh ilc Guiea`ti mgulti`ls,Iothr i egls`chrikbh phr`gc go obuv`ib trilspgrt" tahshfrivhbs ieeumubithc w`ta`l Tbh`stgehlh egistib pbi`ls, Iothrhrgs`gl ilc upb`ot go tahsh egistib pbi`ls" mgchrl strhimsilc r`vhrs rhc`str`kuthc sgmh go tah frivhb eahrt ibglftah`r egurshs, @lthls`vh eahm`eib whitahr`lf ais sti`lhctahsh frivhb eahrts w`ta `rgl gx`chs prgcue`lf tah`r whitahr`lf r`lcs ilc cubb egbgrs, _ir`gus phr`gcs go obuv`ib trils-pgrt prgcuehc tah c`st`let`vh phkkbh suroiehs !S, A, K`ilea` phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9015> Vggcwirc ilc Fhlg9039),

Sah frivhb eahrt geeurs w`ta`l Tbh`stgehlh chpgs`ts taitgutergp is i whst-hist khbt tait `s tah V`bb`ili UtrueturibUuroieh go K`ilea` !9015:69-6?) ilc tah V`bb`ili Shrriehgo O`sn !9034), Sa`s khbt b`hs whst-hist iergss sgutahrl _hr-lgl Tir`sa" lgrtahrl Khiurhfuirc Tir`sa" lgrtahrl IbbhlTir`sa" ilc ehltrib [ip`chs Tir`sa !Vggcwirc ilc Fhlg9039 :Tbith ;), V`ta`l ta`s khbt" b`fat eglehltrit`gls gofrivhbs eil kh ogulc gl tah a`fahr r`cfhs ilc a`bbs, U`zikbheglehltrit`gls geeur w`ta`l tah sheglc grchr strhims ilcibbuv`ib kgttgms tait ergss ta`s khbt, Uguta go ta`s khbt" tahfrivhb `s rhstr`ethc tg tah ibbuv`um go mgchrl strhims ilcr`vhrs tait cri`l tah khbt, Sg tah lgrta go ta`s Tbh`stgehlhgutergp khbt" tah frivhb eahrt geeurs glby ibglf tah mijgrr`vhr systhms ilc `l tah Tbh`stgehlh chpgs`ts tait obilntahm, V`ta`l tah icjiehlt upbilcs" frivhb geeurs is `sgbithc piteahs tait eglti`l quirtz frivhbs" `lebuc`lf b`ttbh" `oily" eahrt, Sahsh frivhbs whrh chr`vhc orgm tah ulchrby`lfShrt`iry striti" wa`ea eglti`l vhry b`ttbh frivhb eahrt !S, A,K`ilea` phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9015> Kriss`hur9015:;3?> Vggcwirc ilc Fhlg 9039),Uhvhrib ittr`kuths irh `lc`eit`vh go i frivhb eahrt sgurehogr tahsh eahrts, S a h f r i v h b eahrt `s typ`eibby cubb" gpiquh"

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

ilc go i 94P[ auh, Orhquhltby" ta`s eahrt eglti`lsTibhgzg`e ogss`bs ilc tah`r mgbcs gr gtahr vg`cs, Sah phkkbhsuroieh ilc whitahr`lf r`lc w`bb kh c`iflgst`e go ta`s eahrt,Frivhb eahrt orgm tah `lthr`gr go i kgubchr gr egkkbh" agwhvhr" miy kh c`oo`eubt gr `mpgss`kbh tg c`oohrhlt`ith orgmmithr`ib krgufat `l c`rhetby orgm il gutergp go Tibhgzg`eeahrt,

Obhm`lf Frivhb EahrtV`ta`l tah Kiygu Eirliaim Mhmkhr" tah Obhm`lf Ogr

mit`gl eglti`ls sgmh frivhb eahrt, @t geeurs is phkkbhs gokbien eahrt ikgut ;,8 em `l c`imhthr, Sah frivhb eahrtogrms tah bgwhr aibo go i s`x m ta`en khc go frivhb ilc silcw`ta`l tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl !Vhbea 903;:89-8;), Sahrhogrh ta`s b`ta`e mithr`ib `s chs`flithc tah +Obhm`lf FrivhbEahrt,+ Icc`t`glib wgrn `s lhhchc eglehrl`lf tah su`tik`b`ty ilc ittr`kuths go ta`s mithr`ib ,

Sah glby nlgwl sgureh go tah Obhm`lf Frivhb Eahrt geeurs `l i riv`lh tr`kutiry go tah Uik`lh [`vhr `l _hrlglTir`sa, @t `s b`nhby tait tah obuv`ib chpgs`ts w`ta`l tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl miy eglti`l icc`t`glib gutergps go ta`s mithr`ib w`ta`l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili,

Eurrhltby" irt`oiets mich orgm ta`s mithr`ib irh ulnlgwl, I o`lh-fri`lhc kbien eahrt rhpgrthc ky kgta Jgbby!901;:;0;) ilc Kriss`hur !9015:;;8) orgm tah Thisgl[`cfh M`b`tiry [hshrvit`gl `l Uik`lh Tir`sa m`fat rhprhshlt ta`s mithr`ib, Icc`t`glib rhshirea w`bb kh lhhchc tg thstsuea spheubit`gls,

Obhm`lf GpibV`ta`l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili" gpib lgcubhs geeur `l gut

ergps go tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl, Kheiush tahsh gpiblgcubhs geeur glby l Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl go Vhbea !903;)"ta`s b`ta`e mithr`ib `s eibbhc tah +Obhm`lf Gpib,+Sah Obhm`lf Gpib `s i miss`vh" usuibby v`trhgus ilctrilsbuehlt mithr`ib, Kh`lf gpib" `t `s sgothr ilc bhss chlsh

960

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

tail eahrt !Aurbkut 9069 :386), @ t ais i oi`r" kut sgmhwaitkbgeny egleag`cib orieturh tait prgcuehs rhbit`vhby smggtaorieturhs, Obit" `rgl-sti`lhc orieturhs irh egmmgl, Sahegrthx `s fhlhribby ta`en" hirtay" ilc wa`th tg goo-wa`th,

Sah Obhm`lf Gpib vir`hs frhitby `l egbgr, Xsuibby" tahgpib `s o`lhby mgttbhc wa`th ilc cirn frhy !94P[ 3'3) tgwa`th ilc vhry cirn frhy !94P[ 599), Oi`ltby mgttbhc b`fatkrgwl`sa frhy !94P[ ?'9) ilc cirn frhy !94P[ 599) ilckilchc kbien !bGP[ ;'9) ilc rhcc`sa krgwl !;,8P[ 3'3)gpib aivh khhl lgthc, @ts c`ipaily rilfhs orgm gpiquh tgtrilsbuehlt, Ugmh go tah Obhm`lf Gpib miy kh `chlt`eib `lipphirileh tg Hifbh A`bb Eahrt,

Thtrgfripa`e ilc x-riy c`ooriet`gl stuc`hs ky Imkuhab!9060) ilc Ah`lr`ea !9015) `lc`eith tait tah Obhm`lf Gpibegls`sts ibmgst hlt`rhby go `sgtrgp`e tg lhirby `sgtrgp`e gpibES, Sah gpib-ES eglti`ls trieh imgults go il ul`chlt`o`hc ebiy m`lhrib ilc lumhrgus vufs ilc orieturhs, Iebhir" sb`faby k`or`lfhlt ilc gothl o`krgus gpib-ES b`lhs tahvuf ilc orieturhs, Eaibehcgl`th r`ms gvhrb`h tah gpib-ESb`l`lfs w`ta`l tah vufs ilc orieturhs !Imkuhab 9060: 96;),Kgta phtrgfripa`e ilc x-riy c`ooriet`gl stuc`hs oi`bhc tgo`lc tah eahrt `lebus`gls lgthc ky Krgwl !9019 :3;), Ippirhltby" tah k`or`lfhlt gpib-ES ilc eaibehcgl`th vuf ilceiv`ty b`l`lfs irh m`stinhl ogr eahrt,Is i rhsubt go `ts egmpgs`t`gl" Obhm`lf Gpib eil kh lglchstruet`vhby c`oohrhlt`ithc orgm ily eahrt, Kheiush go tahc`oohrhleh `l chls`ty khtwhhl eahrt ilc gpib" sphe`o`e friv`ty mhisurhmhlts eil c`st`lfu`sa khtwhhl eahrt ilc gpib!Aurbkut 9069 :386), Uheglc" i chthrm`lit`gl go tah airclhss go il irt`oiet eil c`oohrhlt`ith gpib orgm eahrt, O`libby"phtrgfripa`e ilibys`s go tah trilsbuehlt hcfh go il irt`oieteil c`oohrhlt`ith gpib orgm eahrt, Sahrhogrh" ta`l shet`glilibys`s ushc sgbhby tg c`oohrhlt`ith Obhm`lf Gpib orgmHifbh A`bb Eahrt `s wisthc hoogrt,

Imkuhab !9060:9;1) suffhsthc tait tah gpib lgcubhswhrh ogrmhc ky tah c`ifhlht`e eglehltrit`gl go s`b`ei egl-

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

ti`lhc `l tah gr`f`lib ebiy m`lhribs go tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl&s shc`mhlts, Saus" tah gpib lgcubhs ogrmhc mueabithr" it frhithr chptas ilc ulchr a`fahr thmphriturhs ilcprhssurhs tail tah s`b`e`o`hc wggc, F`vhl tah c`oohrhltfhgeahm`eib eglc`t`gl ulchr wa`ea tah Obhm`lf Gpib ilcs`b`e`o`hc wggc ogrmhc" c`oohrhlehs `l trieh hbhmhlt egmpgs`t`gls khtwhhl tahsh mithr`ibs miy kh hxphethc" ibtagufa tahy miy kh ogulc `l tah simh striti,

Sah Obhm`lf Gpib geeurs is lgcubhs 4,? tg 54 em `l c`imhthr w`ta`l egmpiet" erumkby mucstglhs go tah Obhm`lfOgrmit`gl go [ip`chs Tir`sa, Vhbea !903;:3; ilc 30)lgthc tah`r geeurrhleh `l gutergps go tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl l _hrlgl Tir`sa,

Sah Obhm`lf Gpib ais khhl ogulc `l lumhrgus pbiehsw`ta`l Uik`lh Tir`sa, Lumhrgus geeurrhlehs aivh khhllgthc w`ta`l tah Hifbh A`bb irhi go tah Thisgl [`cfh M`b`tiry [hshrvit`gl ky Imkuhab !9060: 96;) ilc Krgwl!901;: 96?), Uimpbh O-UT-b go Imkuhab !9060: 96;) eimhorgm tah simh bgeit`gl is simpbh T[-b go Krgwl!901;: 96?), Ibb geeurrhlehs go tah Obhm`lf gpib irh `l gutergps go tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl is cho`lhc ky Vhbea!903;),

Irt`oiets mich orgm tah Obhm`lf Gpib eurrhltby aivhlgt khhl `chlt`o`hc, Mithr`ib `chlt`o`hc ky Uhrvhbbg ilcK`ilea` !9015) is +Obhm`lf Gpib+ aivh khhl sagwl ky phtrgfripa`e ilibys`s go rhprhshltit`vh irt`oiets tg kh HifbhA`bb Eahrt, Lhutrgl iet`vit`gl ilibys`s ky Krgwl!901;: 965-960) suppgrts tah phtrgfripa`e citi,

Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`thI m`lgr b`ta`e rhsgureh tait geeurs `l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili

`s tah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th, Uhc`mhltiryquirtz`th `s i silcstglh gr s`btstglh suoo`e`hltby b`ta`o`hcsuea tait `t krhins targufa ritahr tail irgulc `ts eglst`tuhlt fri`ls !Thtt`jgal ht ib, 9065: 9?0), Sah mgc`o`hr+shc`mhltiry+ `s ushc tg c`st`lfu`sa ta`s mithr`ib orgm

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

mhtimgrpa`e quirtz`th, Mhtimgrpa`e quirtz`ths geeurw`ta`l Bgu`s`ili glby is phkkbhs w`ta`l tah Tbh`stgehlhfrivhbs, Ibsg" tahy pgsshss thxturhs" gr`f`ls" ilc pays`eibprgphrt`hs vistby c`oohrhlt orgm tah shc`mhltiryquirtz`ths,

_ir`gus iutagrs aivh limhc tah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiryYuirtz`th, Ah`lr`ea !9015:88;) eibbhc `t +quirtz irhl`th,+Kriss`hur !9015:;8;) rhohrrhc tg `t is +grtagquirtz`th,+ @leurrhlt usifh" kgta thrms rhohr tg tah silcstglh&sm`lhribgf`eib egmpgs`t`gl ritahr tail tg `ts pays`eib prgp-hrt`hs !Thtt`jgal ht ib, 9065:;93-;96), Sahrhogrh"+quirtz`th+ `s tah prhohrrhc thrm ogr ta`s mithr`ib `l ta`spiphr, Sa`s b`ta`e mithr`ib `s ibsg nlgwl bgeibby ilc ky sgmhireaihgbgf`sts is +N`sitea` silcstglh+ !S , E, Khirchl" phr-sglib egmmul`eit`gl 9013),

Sah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th `s i vhry whbbehmhlthc silcstglh, @ t krhins tagrufa `ts eglst`tuhltfri`ls w`ta i rgufa" aienhy orieturh, Orieturhs rhvhibrgufa" usuibby v`trhgus mithr`ib" wa`ea spirnbhs w`talumhrgus p`lpg`lt rhobhet`gls, Ueitthrhc fri`ls go gpiquhkbien ilc rhcc`sa krgwl silc shhm tg +obgit+ `l il gtahr-w`sh trilsbuehlt mitr`x, Gl whitahrhc suroiehs" i ta`lisay" wa`th egrthx geeurs, Sah egrthx `s bhss tail i m`bb`mhthr ta`en ilc eglti`ls c`st`let fri`ls go silc, Ugmh go tahEitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th egls`sts go il gpiquhilc cubbhr mithr`ib `l wa`ea c`st`let fri`ls go silcs eil khshhl,

Sah bien go v`s`kbh fri`ls `l tah trilsbuehlt quirtz`th rh-subt orgm tah s`m`bir gpt`eib prgphrt`hs go tah gpib ehmhltilc tah silc fri`ls, Kgta tah silc fri`ls ilc ehmhlt irhtrilsbuehlt ilc aivh s`m`bir `lchx go rhoriet`gls, @l trils-m`tthc b`fat tahy khaivh is glh mithr`ib, Sbth p`lpg`lt rh-obhet`gls orgm tah krgnhl suroieh go ta`s mithr`ib rhprhshlttah suroiehs go krgnhl silc fri`ls,

Sah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th vir`hs egls`chr-ikby `l egbgr, Syp`eibby" `t `s i trilsbuehlt cirn frhy !bGP[

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

8'9) tg goo-wa`th, @ t eglti`ls seitthrhc fri`ls go kbien ilcrhcc`sa krgwl silc, @l sgmh irt`oiets" phcgfhl`e `rglgx`chs aivh sti`lhc ta`s b`ta`e mithr`ib vir`gus saichs gokrgwl tg rhcc`sa krgwl, Sahrmib ibthrit`gl w`bb eailfhtah egbgr go ta`s mithr`ib tg gpiquh frhys, @ t ipphirs taittah +yhbbgw quirtz`th+ go Jgbby !901;:;09) rhprhshlts `rglsti`lhc Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th,

Sah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th egls`sts go o`lh tgegirsh-fri`lhc silc ehmhlthc ky gpib, Sah silc `s ilfubirtg sukilfubir ilc pggrby sgrthc, Ipprgx`mithby 64 tg 04phrehlt go tah silc `s quirtz" go wa`ea aibo `s vgbeil`equirtz, Sah rhmi`l`lf 94 tg 54 phrehlt egls`sts goohbcspir"vgbeil`e rgen orifmhlts" khltgl`t`e ebists" ilc quirtzgshrgen orifmhlts `l vir`ikbh prgpgrt`gls !Ti`lh ilcMhyhragoo 90?1: 944-94;), Sah ehmhlt egls`sts go `sgtrgp`etg sb`fatby `sgtrgp`e gpib-ES, Mily go tah thrms ogulc `lta`s pirifripa irh cho`lhc ilc hxpbi`lhc `l Thtt`jgal ht ib,!9065),

Sah ehmhltit`gl ky gpib go obuv`ib silcs w`ta`l tahEitiagubi Ogrmit`gl erhithc tah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiryYuirtz`th, Chhphr `l tah kis`l tg tah sguta" ibnib`lh kr`lhsc`ssgbvhc fbisshy vgbeil`es w`ta`l tah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl, Is tahsh s`b`ei-r`ea kr`lhs m`frithc lgrtawirctargufa tah silcs go tah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl" tahy eggbhcgoo ilc m`xhc w`ta orhsa" suroieh-chr`vhc frgulcwithrw`ta`l ehltrib Bgu`s`ili, @l ta`s m`x`lf zglh" tah c`ssgbvhcs`b`ei prhe`p`tithc is s`b`ei fhb w`ta`l tah vg`cs khtwhhl silcfri`ls, Sah s`b`ei fhb bithr chaycrithc tg gpib, Glby tahmgrh pgrgus ilc phrmhikbh silcs tait eirr`hc tahsh kr`lhswhrh egmpbhthby ehmhlthc ky s`b`ei ilc eglvhrthc `ltgshc`mhltiry quirtz`th, Sah o`lhr fri`lhc ilc ebiyhy silcswhrh `legmpbhthby ehmhlthc ilc oi`bhc tg ogrm quirtz`th,Sahrhogrh" tah shc`mhltiry quirtz`th thlcs tg geeur w`ta`ltah mhc`um tg egirsh fri`lhc ilc ebiy-orhh zglhs w`ta`ltah silcstglhs ilc silcs go tah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl,Bithr" upb`ot ilc hrgs`gl go tah M`gehlh striti hxpgshc tah

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

ogrmhr m`x`lf zglh eglti`l`lf tah shc`mhltiry quirtz`th!Imkuhab 9060),Uilcstglhs go vir`gus airclhss ilc egmpgs`t`gls geeur

targufagut tah Shrt`iry striti hxpgshc `l whsthrlBgu`s`ili, Go tahsh striti" glby tah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gleglti`ls silcstglh tait `s whbb ehmhlthc hlgufa tg ogrmshc`mhltiry quirtz`th ilc mithr`ib su`tikbh ogr tah miluoieturh go ea`pphc stglh irt`oiets !Imkuhab 9060: 951-950), Uilcstglhs ilc s`btstglhs orgm gtahr striti bien ehmhlts strglf hlgufa tg ogrm shc`mhltiry quirtz`th, Itkhst" tahy eil kh ushc tg minh frgulc stglh irt`oiets,

Ogr hximpbh" gpib-ehmhlthc s`btstglh ilc o`lh-fri`lhcsilcstglhs geeur w`ta`l tah Obhm`lf Ogrmit`gl&s gutergpsgl Thisgl [`cfh M`b`tiry [hshrvit`gl !S, A, K`ilea` phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9061> Firlhr 901;:9;8> I, O, Uhrvhbbg phrsglib egmmul`eit`gl 9061), Go tah lumhrgus gutergps ilc suroieh mithr`ib hxim`lhc" ibb whrh `lsuoo`e`hltby ehmhlthc tg ogrm i wgrnikbh b`ta`e mithr`ib grshc`mhltiry quirtz`th,

Sah gutergp go tah Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl eglti`ls seitthrhc hxpgsurhs go tah shc`mhltiry quirtz`th limhc iothr`t, Sah gutergp khbt geeup`hs i str`p tait `s 1 tg 9? nm w`chilc ;34 nm bglf, Sah khbt b`hs whst-hist iergss whsthrlBgu`s`ili targufa sgutahrl Uik`lh Tir`sa just lgrta go tahUik`lh-_hrlgl Tir`sa kgulciry ilc ehltrib Liea`tgeahsTir`sa !Ti`lh ilc Mhyhragoo 90?1:08 ilc o`f, 9), Egkkbhsilc phkkbhs go tah Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiry Yuirtz`th geeurw`ta`l tah Tbh`stgehlh frivhbs !Vggcwirc ilc Fhlg 9039),

B`mhstglhBgphz !901;: 988) lgthc tah geeurrhleh go b`mhstglh

phkkbhs it tah Hifbh K`bb @@ U`th" 9?UI84, Jgbby !901;:;09)b`sthc b`mhstglh imglf tah b`ta`e mithr`ibs tait egmpgshctah irt`oiets it tah s`th, Sahsh gkshrvit`gls suffhsthc taitb`mhstglh `s ilgtahr eubturibby ut`bzhc b`ta`e mithr`ib lit`vhtg whsthrl Bgu`s`ili,

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

Hxim`lit`gl go tah Hifbh A`bb irhi sagwhc il ikshleh gob`mhstglh gr s`m`bir eirkglith, Thrsglib `lvhst`fit`gl gotah M`gehlh khcrgen" Tbh`stgehlh ibbuv`um" ilc Tbh`stgehlh tg Agbgehlh egbbuv`ums ilc sg`bs rhvhibhc i tgtibbien go b`mhstglh `l tahsh striti" `lebuc`lf eibeirhguslgcubhs, Il hxim`lit`gl go phkkbhs orgm tah X,U,B, OgrtTgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy&s thst p`ts it tah Hifbh A`bb @@U`th oi`bhc tg o`lc ily b`mhstglh, Thkkbhs rhshmkb`lf b`mhstglh whrh ogulc" kut tahy oi`bhc tg hoohrvhseh wahl thsthcw`ta aycrgeabgr`e ie`c" `lc`eit`lf tait tahy whrh lh`tahrb`mhstglh !Aurbkut 9069 :5;4) lgr cgbgm`th !Aurbkut9069 :5;?-5;0),I b`thriturh rhv`hw oi`bhc tg o`lc ily b`mhstglh `l tahstriti w`ta`l tah irhi go tah Hifbh A`bb @@ U`th, Ilchrsgl!90?4)" Bhvhrt !9080)" ilc Vhbea !903;) oi`b tg mhlt`glilyta`lf eglehrl`lf tah prhshleh gob`mhstglh `l tah HifbhA`bb irhi, Vhbea !903;:30" 89" 86 ilc 81) lgthc tah prhshleh go eibeirhgus lgcubhs w`ta`l gutergps go tah Obhm`lfOgrmit`gl, Thrsglib `lsphet`gl go tah irhi irgulc tahHifbh A`bb @@ U`th s`th oi`bhc tg o`lc eibeirhgus lgcubhs, Sahbgeib Tbh`stgehlh silcs" kh`lf a`faby whitahrhc ilcm`lhribgf`eibby miturh" bienhc ily ogrm gob`mhstglh,

Sah eurrhlt eglebus`gl `l ta`s stucy `s tait kgta Bgphz!901;) ilc Jgbby !901;) aivh m`stinhlby `chlt`o`hc mithr`ibs suea is pb`lta`th gr whitahrhc egrthx is b`mhstglh, @ tmust kh eglshquhltby eglebuchc tait b`mhstglh oi`bs tggeeur it tah Hifbh A`bb @@ U`th ilc `l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili isi ut`b`zhc" lit`vh b`ta`e mithr`ib,

EGLEBXU@GLUV`ta`l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili" s`x mijgr b`ta`e mithr`ibs

geeur `l tah gutergpp`lf Shrt`iry striti, Sahy irh s`b`e`o`hcwggc" Hifbh A`bb Eahrt" frivhb eahrt" Obhm`lf FrivhbEahrt" Obhm`lf Gpib" ilc Eitiagubi Uhc`mhltiryYuirtz`th, Sah liturh" geeurrhleh" pays`eib ittr`kuths" gr`-

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

f`l" ilc sgureh go tahsh mithr`ibs whrh `lvhst`fithc ilckr`hoby chser`khc, Sa`s stucy prgv`chs glby il `l`t`ib isshss-mhlt go tahsh mithr`ibs orgm wa`ea `t `s agphc tait mgrhchti`bhc stuc`hs eil ilc w`bb prgehhc,

Sah geeurrhleh go b`mhstglh is i lit`vh ilc prha`stgr`-eibby ut`b`zhc b`ta`e mithr`ib wis `lvhst`fithc, Eahm`eib thstsilc o`hbc `lvhst`fit`gls ogulc tait b`mhstglh wis lh`tahrushc lgr geeurs `l whsthrl Bgu`s`ili is i b`ta`e rhsgureh,

IENLGVBHCFMHLSU@ tailn Cr, I, Oriln Uhrvhbbg ilc tah Xl`vhrs`ty go

Ugutawhsthrl Bgu`s`ili ogr phrm`ss`gl tg hxim`lh mith-r`ib egbbhethc ky tah X,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uur-vhy, Ibsg" @ tailn Mr, S, A, K`ilea`" Cr, B, T, Nliuta" ilcMr, Jgal Fuy ogr `logrmit`gl" icv`eh" ilc simpbhs ushc `lta`s stucy, Sa`s piphr `s i eglt`luit`gl go wgrn pukb`sahc`l i prhv`gus piphr" Ah`lr`ea !9015)" prgcuehc ogr tahX,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy, O`libby" @ tailnHlf`lhhr`lf [hshirea Issge`iths" @le, go Kiytgwl" Shxis"ogr o`lile`ib" bgf`st`eib" ilc theal`eib iss`stileh wa`ea hli-kbhc tah egmpbht`gl go ta`s stucy ilc piphr,Ibb simpbhs" ta`l shet`gls" ilc citi `lvgbvhc w`ta ta`sstucy w`bb kh chpgs`thc w`ta tah Ogrt Tgbn M`b`tiry Mushumgo tah X,U, Irmy it Ogrt Tgbn" Bgu`s`ili, Sahsh mithr`ibsw`bb kh eurithc w`ta tah ireaihgbgf`eib mithr`ibs rhegvhrhcky tah vir`gus ireaihgbgf`eib stuc`hs eglcuethc it OgrtTgbn,

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

[HOH[HLEHU E@SHCImkuhab"I, V,

9060 Uuro`e`ib Iutahfhl`e U`b`ei `l tah Fubo Egist Shrt`iry Ogrmit`gls, Xlpukb`sahc M,U, tahs`s" Bgu`s`iliUtith Xl`vhrs`ty, Kitgl [gufh,

Ilchrsgl" A, _,90?4 Fhgbgfy go Uik`lh Tir`sa, Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eibUurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l 53,Kir`i" B, [,9069 Sah Fhgbgfy go tah [hc C`rt Fimh MilifhmhltIrhi ilc i Thtrgfripa`e Utucy go tah Xpphr EitiagubiOgrmit`gl, Xlpukb`sahc M,U, tahs`s" LgrtawhsthrlBgu`s`ili Xl`vhrs`ty, Mglrgh,

Khrry"H, V,909? Sah Obgri go tah Eitiagubi Uilcstglh, Xl`thcUtiths Fhgbgf`eib Uurvhy Trgohss`glib Tiphr 01:;;6-;89,K`ilea`" S, A,9015 Fhgmgrpa`e Uhtt`lf `l tah Ogrt Tgbn [hf`gl: IlIkstriet, @l X,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy ilcEubturib [hsgurehs Milifhmhlt Trgfrim" hc`thc ky I,Oriln Uhrvhbbg" pp, 69-6?, Xl`vhrs`ty go UgutawhsthrlBgu`s`ili, Bioiyhtth,Kbienwhbb" V, A," M,J, Tgwhbb ilc F, A, Cunhs9015 Ogss`b Vggc orgm Kiygu T`hrrh ilc Va`th GinErhhn" Uguta-Ehltrib M`ss`ss`pp`, M`ss`ss`pp` Fhgbgfy3: 9-?,

Kriss`hur" E, [,9015 Ilibys`s go Eubturib Mithr`ibs [hegvhrhc ky Thisgl[`cfh Uurvhys, @l X,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy ilc Eubturib [hsgurehs Milifhmhlt Trgfrim"hc`thc ky I, Oriln Uhrvhbbg" pp, ;56-5;1, Xl`vhrs`ty goUgutawhsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Bioiyhtth,

Krgwl"C,G,9019 _ir`ik`b`ty `l [iw Mithr`ib Xt`b`zit`gl it i BithYuithrliry Ireaihgbgf`eib U`th `l Xpbilc Vhst Ehltrib

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

Bgu`s`ili" Xlpukb`sahc M,U, tahs`s" Xl`vhrs`ty goShxis,Uil Iltgl`g,901; Eahm`eib Ilibys`s go Ehrim`es ilc B`ta`es orgmtah Hifbh A`bb @@ U`th, @l Hifbh A`bb: I Bith YuithrliryXpbilc U`th `l Vhsthrl Bgu`s`ili" hc`thc kyJ, Full ilcC, G, Krgwl" pp, 9?5-914, Ehlthr ogr Ireaihgbgf`eib[hshirea, Uil Iltgl`g,O`sn" A, L,9034 Fhgbgfy go I vgyhbbhs ilc [ip`chs Tir`sahs,Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eib Uurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l 91,Ogbn" [, B, ilcJ, U, T`ttmil9069 Bhlfta-Ubgw Eaibehcgly: I Shstimhlt ogr _il`sahc Hvipgr`ths, Jgurlib go Uhc`mhltiry Thtrgbgfy39: 9438-9481,

Firlhr"H,901; Fhgbgfy ilc Fhgmgrpagbgfy go tah Hifbh A`bbBgeibh `l tah Xpbilcs go Vhst Ehltrib Bgu`s`ili, @lHifbh A`bb: I Bith Yuithrliry Xpbilc U`th `l VhsthrlBgu`s`ili" hc`thc ky J, Full ilc C, G, Krgwl" pp, 9;4-9;?, Ehlthr ogr Ireaihgbgf`eib [hshirea" Uil Iltgl`g,Shxis,

Fhlg"N,[,906? Gr`f`l ilc C`str`kut`gl go Eahrt `l tah HcwircsB`mhstglh !Bgwhr Erhtiehgus)" Ehltrib Shxis, Xlpuk-b`sahc K,U, tahs`s" Kiybgr Xl`vhrs`ty, Vieg,Fgbcsth`l" I,9080 Eahrts ilc Lgvieub`ths go tah Guiea`ti Oie`hs, @lU`b`ei `l Uhc`mhlts" hc`thc ky A, I, @rhbilc" pp, 958-930,Uge`hty go Heglgm`e Tibhgltgbgf`sts ilc M`lhribgf`sts,Subsi,

Ah`lr`ea" T, _,9015 B`ta`e [hsgurehs goUik`lh ilc _hrlYl Tir`sahs, @lX ,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy ilc Eubturib [hsgurehs Milifhmhlt Trgfrim" hc`thc ky I, Oriln Uhrvhbbg" pp, 88;-883, Xl`vhrs`ty go UgutawhsthrlBgu`s`ili, Bioiyhtth,

911

7/28/2019 Lithic Resources of Western Louisiana

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B`ta`e [hsgurshs

Aurbkut" E, U,9069 Cili&s Miluib go M`lhribgfy, Jgal V`bhy ilcUgls" @le," Lhw Pgrn,Jgbby" N,901; B`ta`es, @l Hifbh A`bb: I Bith Yuithrliry XpbilcU`th `l Vhsthrl Bgu`s`ili" hc,"j, Full ilc C, G, Krgwl"pp, ;04- 544, Ehlthr ogr Ireaihgbgf`eib [hshirea, UilIltgl`g,

Nliuta" B, T,906; Gxyfhl ilc Aycrgfhl @sgtgph [it`gs `l Eahrtsilc [hbithc [gens, Xlpukb`sahc Ta,C, c`sshrtit`gl"Eib`ogrl`i @lst`tuth goShealgbgfy, Utilogrc,

Bhg"[,O,9068 U`b`e`o`eit`gl go Vggc, Xlpukb`sahc Ta,C, c`sshrtit`gl" Airvirc Xl`vhrs`ty, Eimkr`cfh,Bhvhrt" E, O,9080 Bgwhr Eitiagubi Hqu`vibhlts go Bgu`s`ili, Xlpukb`sahc M,U, tahs`s" Bgu`s`ili Utith Xl`vhrs`ty, Kitgl[gufh,

Bgphz"M,901; Egirsh-Fri`lhc !Thkkbh) Uhc`mhlts, @l Hifbh A`bb:I Bith Yuithrliry Xpbilc U`th `l Vhsthrl Bgu`s`ili"hc`thc ky j , Full ilc C, G, Krgwl" pp, 984-98?, Ehlthrogr Ireaihgbgf`eib [hshirea" Uil Iltgl`g" Shxis,MeKr`ch" H, O," ilc I, Sagmsgl9064 Sah Eikibbgs Lgvieub`th" Miritagl [hf`gl" Shxis,Fhgbgf`eib Uge`hty go Imhr`ei Uphe`ib Tiphr 9;;, Kgubchr,

Mirt`l"j, B," A, V, Bhg" C, B, [iff`g ilc I, H, Uilckhrf,9083 Fhgbgfy go Vhksthr Tir`sa, Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eibUurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l ;0,Mitsgl" F, E,909? Sah Eitiagubi Uilcstglh, Xl`thc Utiths Fhgbgf`eib Uurvhy Trgohss`glib Tiphr 01:;40-;;?,Murriy" F, H,9031 Fhgbgfy go Ch Ugtg ilc [hc [`vhr Tir`sahs,Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eib Uurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l ;8,

910

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BGX@U@ILI I[EAIHGBGFP UGE@HSP" 9013

Ti`lh" V, [," ilc I, I, Mhyhragoo90?1 Eitiagubi Ogrmit`gl go Vhsthrl Bgu`s`ili ilcSa`l Uhet`gl Er`thr`i ogr Obuv`ti Chpgs`t`glib Hlv`rglmhlt, Jgurlib goUhc`mhltiry Thtrgbgfy 51>0;-995,

Thtt`jgal" O,]," T, H, Tgtthr ilc [, U`hvhr9065 Uilc ilc Uilcstglh, Upr`lfhr-_hrbif, Lhw Pgrn,T`ttmil"], U,9080 U`b`ei `l tah Hcwircs B`mhstglh, @l U`b`ei `l Uhc`

mhlts" hc`thc ky A, I, @rhbilc" pp, 9;9-953, Uge`hty goHeglgm`e Tibhgltgbgf`sts ilc M`lhribgf`sts, Subsi,Ueagbbh" T, I,9061 I Egbgr @bbustrithc Fu`ch tg Eirkglith [gen Eglst`tuhlts" Shxturhs" Ehmhlts ilc Tgrgs`ths, Imhr`eilIssge`it`gl go Thtrgbhum Fhgbgf`sts Mhmg`r ;6, Subsi,Uhrvhbbg" I, O, ilc S, A, K`ilea`9015 Fhgmgrpagbgfy ilc Eubturib Utrit`fripay go tahHifbh A`bb Irhi go Thisgl [`cfh, @l X,U,B, Ogrt Tgbn Ireaihgbgf`eib Uurvhy ilc Eubturib [hsgurehs Milifhmhlt Trgfrim" hc`thc ky I, Oriln Uhrvhbbg" pp, 556-889,Xl`vhrs`ty goUgutawhsthrl Bgu`s`ili, Bioiyhtth,

Vhkk" E, A,"], B, Ua`lhr ilc H, V, [gkhrts9069 Sah Jgal T`hreh U`th !9?EC8?): I Uil Titr`eh U`th`l Eiccg Tir`sa" Bgu`s`ili, Kubbht`l go tah Shxis Ireaihgbgf`eib Uge`hty 3;: 9-30,

Vhbea"[, L,903; Fhgbgfy go _hrlgl Tir`sa, Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eibUurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l ;;,Vggcwirc" S, I," ilc I,], Fhlg9039 Sah Uilc ilc Frivhb Chpgs`ts go Bgu`s`ili,Bgu`s`ili Fhgbgf`eib Uurvhy Fhgbgf`eib Kubbht`l 90,

904

+ ,