Literature,Case and Market Study

7/24/2019 Literature,Case and Market Study

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7

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, FIFTH SEMESTER

TEACHER GUIDE : AJAY S. ,CHRISTINE QUADROS., Mohammed Nissar

HIGH RISE STRUCTUREFOA

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY

GroupNo. OFFICE AND SERVICE APARTMENTS

LITERATURE,CASE AND MARKET STUDY

ARUNIMA GUPTA

MUNINDRA MOHANTA

RATNESH MANGAL

TANAY MODI

TEJAS KAMAT

Faculty

Of

Architecture


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Service Apartments LITERATURE STUDY

Group No.

A serviced apartmentis a type of furnished apartment available for short-term or long-term stays, which provides amenities for daily use.

Serviced apartments typically include soft-furnishings and cooking utensils so that short term tenants need not bring their own, and have

cleaning services included in the rent. Serviced apartments therefore include some of the convenience of hotel rooms but can be less

expensive than equivalent hotel rooms for longer stayers.

A variety of apartment types could include a range of the following: unit sizes, including studio apartments, 1,2,3+ bedroom apartments

and including additional living areas such as studies and apartment design and internal layout, including dual aspect, loft and mezzanine

and cross-over apartments (with two opposite aspects and a change in level between one side of the apartment and the other),

Orientation of the building and plan configuration selected not only to enhance views but to reduce energy expenses for heating and air conditioning.

Minimize the impact of lateral wind loading on the structure.

Reduce as much as possible the walking distances for both guest and the house keeping staff.

Adequate number of linen storage and vending areas, and small electrical and phone equipment rooms.Plan types range in shape from long, double-loaded corridor plans, to compact vertical towers, to flamboyant atrium structures or a large lobby space

so that some of the rooms look into the hotel interior.

Choice of a plan type is the result of a balanced consideration of site, environment, and space requirements.


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Service Apartments

Group No.

The design of an service apartment and its accessory spaces depends on the economic strata i.e. budget for

whom its being planned

#In the low budget : the minimum requirements will be applicable for living , kitchen , bath and bedroom#In the medium budget: entrance alcove , dining alcove , better storage for kitchen with additional countertop

and snack bar, walk in closets may be provided.

#In the high budget: Separate entrance foyer and dining room, ample workspace ,custom designed cabinets and

dressing room in bedroom, stall showers powder room are to be provided

PUBLIC PRIVATE

INTERFACE LOBBY OR

VESTIBULE

Service Access

Parking or

garage

Vehicular

accessPedestrian access

Dwelling unit

Recreation balcony

LITERATURE STUDY


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Service Apartments

Group No.

BUILDING TYPES:-

The different placement of corridors of the

building plays an important role in the design of

the apartments and is designed to serve different

needs . Apart from enhancing the massing it also

affects the ventilation and determines its

circulation and access.

The number of floors devoted to parking and

how the parking is integrated into the design of

the apartment is an important determinant in

the design of the service apartment.

Also the relationship between the access to

site and the parking should be considered

while providing for the parking

LITERATURE STUDY

Interior spaces such as bathrooms ,interior kitchens and public halls should be provided withducts for ventilation of odors and smells originating from these spaces.

The specifications of size and placement is done with conjunction of the mechanical engineer

In architecture, an airshaft is a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits

ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an

airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed

between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the

building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft,

may also allow extra sunlight inside.


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Office Design

Group No.

The office, as defined in the dictionary as a place for transacting business, is coming into its own as

never before. Communication is seen increasingly as the primary function of office space.

Individual tasks requiring concentration or privacy may well take place at home, as they did when

paperwork the keeping of records - first started. Balancing the needs of concentration and

confidentiality with those of communicating, is the central dilemma of office design

Spaces for solitary work include:

Workstations:basic configuration of work surface, chair, storage and equipment, possibly

with some screening.

Carrel: screened area, containing single or multiple workstations.

Personal offices: fully enclosed spaces, usually with a door, for one or more people.

Cell: non-dedicated, fully enclosed space for quiet or confidential working.

Spaces for collective work include:

Team rooms: enclosed spaces for long-term team-working, which clients may also use.

Team spaces: areas for teams; often changing configuration frequently.

Group spaces: dedicated family space for groups of people who may, or may not, work as teams.

Meeting points: extended workstations to allow for informal meetings.

Meeting areas: open spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture.

Meeting rooms: enclosed spaces with formal or informal meetings furniture, plus special facilities

such as electronic whiteboards, and audio-visual or video-conferencing equipment.

LITERATURE STUDY


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Office Design

Group No.

.

LITERATURE STUDY

SPACE ATTRIBUTES

Over 50 percent of workers around the world spend the workday in office buildings and spaces, and employers today are

increasingly bearing the responsibility of providing a quality workspace. Thus the Office space type is typically

a flexible environment that integrates technology, comfort and safety, and energy efficiencyto provide a productive, cost-

effective, and aesthetically pleasing working environment.Functional / Operational

IntegratedTechnology:Begin the design process with a thorough understanding of the technological requirements of the space,

including anticipated future needs.

Productive

Flexibility:The office space type is durable and adaptable, and will typically include features such as a raised floor system for the

distribution of critical services (power, voice, data, and HVAC) and mobile workstations to accommodate changes in employee,

equipment, and storage needs over time.

Secure / Safe

Comfort and Safety:The health, safety, and comfort of employees is of paramount concern to employers. For this reason, the officespace type should be designed with increased fresh air ventilation, the specification of non-toxic and low-polluting materials and

indoor air quality monitoring. Non-quantifiable benefits such as access to windows and view, and opportunities for interaction

should also be taken into account.

Sustainable

Energy Efficiency:As energy costs increase with higher reliance on technology, strategies such as the specification of high-efficiency

lighting and lighting controls; the application of day lighting; the use of occupancy sensors; and the installation of high-efficiency

HVAC equipment should be considered.

Sources : http://www.wbdg.org/design/office_st.php


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Office Design

Group No.

Example Programs

Two sample building programs and plans are provided, for 'fully closed' and 'fully open' offices. They include minor file and library reference

areas, conference space, break space with service unit/coffee bar, and reception area.

.

LITERATURE STUDY

Sources : http://www.wbdg.org/design/office_st.php


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Office Design

Group No.

.

LITERATURE STUDY


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Office Design

Group No.

.

LITERATURE STUDY

DEFECIENCIES IN CLOSED OFFICE

SPACES

No perimeter open spaces

Low level of shared spacesHigh level of individual spaces

Wasted double circulation

Low level of interaction between

employees


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Office Design

Group No.

.

LITERATURE STUDY


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Office Design

Group No.

.

LITERATURE STUDY

Sources :

http://www.un.org/cmp/uncmp/docs/Of

fice%20Space%20Planning%20Guidelines

%20Jan08_iSeek%20_FINAL.pdf


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Service Apartments and OFFICE

Group No.

BYE-LAWS


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Service Apartments and OFFICE

Group No.

BYE-LAWS

MINIMUM NUMBER OF EXIT PER FLOOR -2

ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVEL35-40 Db

RECOMMENDED VALUES OF LUMINACE - 300-500-750 LUX

NO. OF FLOORS SPEED

4 TO 5 0.5M/S-0.75M/S

6 TO 12 0.75M/S-1.5M/S

ABOVE 12 2.5M/S OR

ABOVE

SPEED OF LIFT

TYPE OF BUILDING HANDLING

CAPACITY

OFFICE-DIVERSIFIED

TENANTS

10%-15%

OFFICE-SINGLE

TENANT

15%-25%

PASSENGER HANDLING CAPACITY OF LIFT


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CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS

Group No.

SPACE PROPORTIONSCommertial space: 26-

30%

Hotel: 65%Banquet: 6-7%


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CASE STUDY: DEEPA COMFORTS

Group No.

Good circulation with proper segregation between public and private space. Use of semi public spaces

as buffer zones..

We noticed how spaces are planned according to the economy of the area to generate the maximum

revenue.

We learned the importance of column layout as far as the hierarchy of the spaces are concerned.

We also noticed the importance of proper assessment of the market considering the future aspect also.


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CASE STUDY: DE ROTTERDAM

Group No.

Architects: OMA

Location: Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Gross floor area: 162,000m:

Plot size: 107 m x 36 m (3,852m)

Height: 150 m

Tree stacked towers with a total height of 150m, will result on a gross floor area ofapproximately 160,000m2, making De Rotterdam the largest building in the

Netherland, with a total cost of 340m.

Mixed-use Program:

Offices 72,000m;

240 apartments 34,5000m; Hotel (278 rooms) / congress / restaurant

19,000m;

Retail / F&B 1,000 m;

Leisure 4,500 m;

Parking (approx. 650 vehicles) 31,000 m

Status: Commission 1997, groundbreaking December 2009, completion November

2013

Site: Former harbor waterfront between KPN tower and Cruise Terminal at Kop van

Zuid

http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/

http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_

N
http://www.oma.com/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.oma.com/


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Group No.

SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

BASEMENT PLAN

SCHEMATIC SECTION

http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdam

http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/
http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdam


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Group No.

SIXTH FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

BASEMENT PLAN

The buildings shared plinth is the

location of the lobbies to each of the

towers, creating a pedestrianized public

hub by means of a common hall.

3 shafts, one for each tower.

24 elevators in all.

SCHEMATIC SECTION




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Group No.

SCHEMATIC SECTION

TYPICAL HIGH RISE

TYPICAL LOW RISE




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Group No.

SCHEMATIC SECTION

TYPICAL HIGH RISE

TYPICAL LOW RISE

The towers, known as West Tower, Mid Tower and East Tower,

are moved by about 90 meters above the ground a few meters

in different directions, which enhances the wind stabilityand

provides space for terraces.

In the original design, the towers did not touch each other, but

in order to simplify the play of forcesand to keep the

construction affordable, they are now connected in a few

places.



Residential

towards

west. With

maximum

balconies

and option

for natural

ventilation


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Group No.

Wrapped in a glass facade with sleek aluminum

mullions, floor-to-ceiling windowstake advantage of

sweeping views and natural lighting.



SECTIONS

Sectional view of

public space and

parkings

7m7m
http://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2013/12/22/a-mixed-use-vertical-city-in-rotterdam-the-netherlands-by-oma/http://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://europaconcorsi.com/projects/244831-OMA-De-Rotterdamhttp://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/http://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/http://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/http://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/http://inhabitat.com/tag/floor-to-ceiling-windows/


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Group No.

Residents and office workers alike

can use the fitness facilities,

restaurants, and conference rooms of

the hotel.

These private users of the building

have contact with the general public

on the ground floor, with its

waterfront cafes.

The lobbies for the offices, hotel, and

apartments are located in the plinth

a long elevated hall that serves as a

general traffic hub for De

Rotterdams wide variety of users.

Deciding the percentage:

It was always clear that there would be housing, offices and a hotel, and all the facilities, but it was never quite clear in what proportion each

element would be. We were thinking that flexibility was important for the project. In the end, what we did was develop a system where each of

these elements could be shifted and could be changed and replaced with any of the other elements. So in a way its a diagram that shows, more or

less, infinite flexibility in terms of programme.

http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/

LOBBY

APARTMENT

HOTEL ROOM

PUBLIC SPACE

CONFRENCE HALL

LIFT LOBBY

http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/

http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_
http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_http://www.derotterdam.nl/en/news/de_rotterdam__vertical_city_by_oma_rem_koolhaas_completed_http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/451377/de-rotterdam-oma/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/http://www.archdaily.com/452813/koolhaas-on-place-scale-and-de-rotterdam/


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INTRODUCTION

Group No.

The Prudential Tower is a super-high rise building

containing offices, residences, and shops, with 38

floors above ground and a total floor area of

76,634.30m

2

. It is situated on a trunk road (Sotobori-dori). The Diet Building and other central government

institutions and a number of luxury hotels are

concentrated in the surrounding area, and the building

can be accessed from five subway lines.

Location 2-13,Nagatacho,

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Size of site 8,157m

2

(2 acres)

Uses Offices, apartments.

Height 158.35 m

FloorsAbove ground: 38

Basement levels: 3

Total Floor Area Approx. 76,593 m

Total Leasable

SpaceApprox. 27,989 m

Structure Steel Frame, CFT

Parking Capacity 197 spaces

Elevators

Passenger Use: 9,

Goods/EmergencyUse: 1

SOURCE :

https://www.mori.co.jp/en/projects/prudential/

The Prudential Tower shares its neighbourhood

with many historic buildings, including Hie

Shrine and the Toyokawa Inari Shrine. It is

situated near the Prime Minister's Residence

and National Diet Building are near, security is a

given. This neighbourhood is adjacent to

Akasakaand Roppongi (popular locations for

the offices of international financial

institutions). Luxury hotels, three-star

restaurants, and exclusive bars are all nearby. In

this environment where every necessity of

modern life is readily available, a wide variety of

lifestyles flourish.


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MEANS OF ACCESS

Group No.

Prudential Tower to:

NARITA AIRPORT :77.3 KM

HANEDA AIRPORT :17.5 KM

TOKYO RAILWAY : 4.3 KM

STATION

Five subway stations, including the Tokyo Metro

Nagatacho Station on the Namboku Line and

Akasaka-mitsuke Station on the Marunouchi and

Ginza Lines, make it easy to reach Otemachi,

Shinjuku and other major business districts.

Nearest Station

1 minutes Walk from Akasaka-Mitsuke Station

[Ginza and Marunouchi Subway Lines]

2 minutes Walk from Nagatacho Station

[Yurakucho, Hanzomon and Namboku Subway Lines]

7 minutes Walk from Tameike-Sanno Station

[Ginza and Namboku Subway Lines]


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SITE PLAN ,ZONING AND CIRCULATION

Group No.

PEDESTRIAN

CIRCULATION

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

OFFICE ENTRANCE RESIDENCE ENTRANCE


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OFFICE

Group No.

Leasable Floor Space

(Standard Floor)Approx. 1,273 m

Ceiling Height(Standard Floor)

2.7 m

OA Raised Floor Height 100 mm

Load Bearing

(Standard Floor)

500kg/m (Heavy-duty

Zones: 800kg/m)

HVAC System

Interior: AHU located on

each floor

Perimeter: Air barrier

system with hot water

heater

OA Power Capacity 70VA/m

N


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RESIDENCES AND SERVICE APARTMENTS

Group No.

N

The residences on the upper floors (floors 26-

38) consist of general rental residences and

rental residences with furniture (serviced

apartments). The Prudential Tower is located in

a business district with a strong international

flavour because of the large number of foreign

companies there. Accordingly about 70% of the

125 residences (85 residences)are serviced

apartments.


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RESIDENCES

Group No.


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RESIDENCES

Group No.


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SERVICE APARTMENTS

Group No.


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SERVICE APARTMENTS

Group No.

SERVICE APARTMENTS


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SERVICE APARTMENTS

Group No.

SOURCES:

https://www.mori.co.jp/en/proje

cts/prudential/

TURNING TORSO STRUCTURE


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TURNING TORSO

Group No. http://faculty-legacy.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/index_files/courses/arch631/case/2011/TurningTorso.pdf

STRUCTURE


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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: FIFTH SEMESTER FACULTY OF ACHITECTURE,

OFFICE

Group No.3

Sources and Images: Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High -Rise


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OFFICE

Group No.3

56-storey

259 m (850 ft) in the Innenstadt

districtof Frankfurt, GermanyAn antenna spire with a signal light on top gives the tower a

total height of 300.1 m (985 ft)

Commerzbank Tower was

designed by Foster & Partners

Construction of the building

began in 1994

Took three yearsto complete

The building provides

121,000 m2(1,300,000 sq ft)of

officespace for

the Commerzbank headquarter

s Including winter gardens and

natural lighting and air

circulation



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Group No.3

OFFICE



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Group No.3

OFFICE



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FLOOR PLAN AND CIRCULATION

OFFICE


TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

ATRIUM

GARDENS

OFFICES

PUBLIC AREA FOR

TRANSPORT AND ACCESS

INCLUDING LIFTS,

STARCASE, RESTROOMS,

ETC

ENTRANCES AND EXITS


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Group No.3 Architectural Intent

It Was the tallest building in Europe at the time of its

completion,

Foster considered the lives of the users, clients, and

neighbors of the building when

formulating his design. Fosterssocial, economic, andecological goals often overlapped. Foster could have

designed a cheaper building than what Commerzbank

is today, but he asked his clients to consider additional

investments to realize long-term gains. The

ecologically friendly design lessens the energy costs

required to maintain

OFFICE

The designers strategy was to

create four-story-tall winter gardens

without the columns, as well as

creating an open floor plan, also

without interruption by columns.

natural daylight and ventilation as

well. . By spiraling the winter gardens

around the building and creating

twelve story villages, the designer

is able to realize all the project

goals.



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Perforated Tube Structure

The perforated tube

structure of theCommerzbank is made

up of two primary structural

elements: the eight-storey

Vierendeel trusses, and the

corner columns. These two

elements provide the

primary gravity and lateral

load

resisting members of the

building. To add stiffness

and

stability to the structure,

every fourth floor is

continuous

throughout the building.


Group No.3

OFFICE

Structure

The structural components work together to form this shape and to resist

both gravitational and lateral forces. The three corners of this triangle are

made up of 2 H-section columns connected with large steel link

frames covered with reinforced concrete. These columns carry the load of

the building and transfer it into 101 telescoping piles that bear on the

porous

limestone below.

(Below): Plan diagramof gravity and lateral

load resisting

members



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Group No.3

OFFICE

Vierendeel Frame The Vierendeel frames are made up of eight

horizontal and

four vertical elements. These horizontal and

verticalelements work together to distribute loads

equallyand

absorb lateral forces.

creating more resistance to wind loads.

The vertical elements are distributed across the

face of the building, but are slightly shifted toward

the corner columns. This way the Vierendeel frame

is able to support both gravity loads and wind

loads.

Construction: The FoundationThe piles were drilled into the ground about 45

meters deep, in order to pass through the clay soil

and embed themselves in the limestone inflata

layer located below. Piled raft foundations

traditionally evenly spread the piles around the

footprint of the building. The new Commerzbank

tower, due to its distribution of loads to the sixmega-columns at the corners of the building, led to

the 111 piles being concentrated at these three

corners rather than evenly through the footprint



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Group No.3

OFFICE

Mega-Column

The mega-columns of the building consist of two vertical steel H-

section members that rise from the foundation to the top of the

building.

The members are stabilized by beams and diagonal bracing and

encased in reinforced concrete. This creates a very light but strong

structure to carry the gravitational loads of the tower.

Consequently, the concrete also acts as a damper to reduce

vibration in the steel from wind.

Shorter construction time.


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(Above): The lateral load resisting

structure functions like a cantilever

rising out of the ground. Shear and

moment diagrams for cantilever

(Above): The perimeter tube formed

by Vierendeel frames and corner

columns, thus forming tube.

Wise, 114

Structural Conjecture

The structure of the Commerzbank works as a tube to resist

lateral wind loads. This tube functions like a cantilever out

of the ground. When resisting gravitational loads, the

structure pushed loads to the perimeter. It is basically

supported by the three corner columns and the Vierendeel

frames. As frame assumes fixed connections, the structureworks as a very large column/beam structure with fixed

connections.

(Above): Floor structure showing steel floor beams that

connect

Vierendeel frame to courtyard structure as well as

providing

lateral stability.

Atrium Structure

The atrium is defined by a secondary

structur that supports the inside

edges of the floors. A vertical

member links the eight end beams

at the

center of the span so that they can

share the loads on each of the

floors. This vertical member allows

the end beams to have less depth

without losing resistance to

deflection.

Looking up through atrium, diagram of edg

beams and vertical load-sharing members

Edgebeams

Vertical

members


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OFFICE

Environmental Responses: Daylighting and Views

the number one goal of Fostersdesign is to create a pleasant work environment for the buildings2,000+ occupants as a

means of increasing worker productivity.

While this significantly increases up-front building costs of the skyscraper, in the grand scheme of Commerzbanks

expenses, worker salaries significantly outweigh any construction costs over a prolonged period of time. Therefore, it can

be assumed that the documented increases in worker productivity from abundant daylighting and views to the

outside makes Fostersscheme financially justifiable.

Commerzbanksuse of the

doughnut plan in conjunction

with the four-story sky

gardens allows for every

office in the building to bedaylit with an

unobstructed view to the

outdoors. Full height

windows and shallow floor

plates ensure that the

amount of natural light

penetrating into the building

is

sufficient enough tosubstitute for artificial

lighting through the majority

of the workday.

Frankfurt, Germanyslow

solar insolation and diffuse

lighting


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ventilation

OFFICE

Commerzbank Tower utilizes natural ventilation as a primary means for creating year-round

thermal comfort

When looking at the building section as a whole, it appears as though the entire central atrium

space acts like a giant chimney with air being exhausted out the top of the

The atrium is segmented by glass decks into four twelve-story spaces, each consisting of threedeliberately positioned sky gardens. In this particular scheme, fresh air enters the building

through windward gardens at the bottom of every twelve-story segment, and exhausted out of

leeward gardens at the top of them.

In cold winter conditions, sky garden windows are closed to store heat, but are reopened to let

in desirable

breezes when conditions warm up.



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Group No.3 CLADDING

OFFICE

The use of steel allows for

increased openness and speed

of erection of the frame. The

use of a Vierendeel truss

system, created a standardized

structural frame that could be

prefabricated and simply

assembled on site, as a kit ofparts


O C


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Group No.3

OFFICE

The exterior glazing to the office spaces integrates structural,

environmental and construction strategies.

The extruded aluminum Aerofoil sections are included in the

glass panels in order to increase the lateral stability of the panels,allow air ventilation within the double glazed window panel system,

and to avoid rainwater penetration within the interior of the panel

systems.

opened.

Exterior Office Glazing Panels

ventilation slots are

included allowing air toenter through thebottom

sill of the insulated glass

and exitat the head. These

slots have been designed

slightly below the opening

casement of the glass in

order to avoid rainwater

penetration.

OFFICE


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Group No.3 Sky Garden Glazing System

OFFICE

Structurally, the system consists of a series of vertical bowstring

trusses that are connected to the steel of the floor levels with slip

joints that allow the structure above to deflect and still providelateral restraint. The bowstring trusses also integrate the hollow

vertical mullions of the

glazing grid.

Environmentally, the

hollow trusses are filledwith water and

connected to the

buildingsheating system.

This transforms them into

large radiators for the

gardensand ensures that

condensation and down

drafts do not occur in the

atrium during winter

months.

OFFICE


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Group No.3 SOURCES

OFFICE

Cramer, Ned. Europe's Tallest Tower. Architecture August 97, Vol. 86 Issue 8, p26 .

Davey, P. High expectations. The Architectural Review July 97, Vol. 202 Issue 1205, 26.

Davies, Colin ed. Birkhauser and Jenkins, David ed. Norman Foster Works Vol. 4. Munich ; New York : Prestel,

c2002.

Fischer, Volker. Sir Norman Foster and Partners : Commerzbank, Frankfurt am Main. Stuttgart : Axel Menges,

1997.

Lambot, Ian. Commerzbank Frankfurt: Prototype for an Ecological High-Rise. Boston : Watermark Birkhuser,

1997.

Wigginton, Michael, and Jude Harris. Intelligent skins. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

TIMELINEMARKET STUDY


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Group No.

SITE MAP IN 2004 SITE MAP IN 2014


GOOGLE EARTH



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Group No.

SITE MAP IN 2004 SITE MAP IN 2014

INFERENCE: A LITTLE DEVELOPMENT HAS TAKEN PLACE ALL AROUND THE SITE DURING LAST 10 YEARS.

INCLUDING RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC SPACES.

GOOGLE EARTH

CURRENT SCENARIOMARKET STUDY


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CURRENT SCENARIOMARKET STUDY

0

2,0004,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

PRICE/SQFT

GROUND

FIRST

SECOND

RESIDENTIAL

OFFICES

RESIDENTIAL/

SERVICE

APARTMENTS 60-70%

30-40%

INFERED PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

OFFICE-CONDONIUM

MAXIMISE FLOOR-PLATE RATIO

UTILISE GROUND FLOOR TO ITS FULL POTENTIAL

HIGH-END GOOD SHOWROOMS

MEZZANINE FLOORS

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