Literature Review 2011
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Transcript of Literature Review 2011
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6CN010 - Dissertation6CN010 - Dissertation
Literature Review
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Literature Review
What is it?
A critical analysis of the body of literature on the subject/topic ofresearch (Fellows & Lui, 2008)
Why review literature? !o e"plore ideas/interests #aluable in establishin$ the %ariety of ters and definitions and
hence the basis for selectin$ ost appropriate definition !o learn the 'lan$ua$e and 'eanin$s of that particular research
area
!o now latest research findin$s/current state of nowled$e on thesubject
!o identify liitations of current state of nowled$e on the subjectand how the proposed research ais to add to what is nown
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Why review literature?
(Cont!"
!o identify trends in research acti%ity in that field, definin$ areasof theoretical and epirical weaness
!o $et an appreciation of wor already done or under way
!o deonstrate a fully 'professional $rasp of the bac$roundtheory to your subject/topic
!o copare the results of different studies
!o set the conte"t of your own study
!o benefit fro the references and biblio$raphyD.E. Searle & S.Suresh
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*ources for Literature +e%iew
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Con!u#tin$ Literature Review(1" dentify ey words and use the to search for rele%ant literature (journalsarticles, boo, etc)-
.se the references in obtained literature to search for other relatedliterature-
+ead abstracts/e"ecuti%e suaries of accessed literature to identify therele%ant literature-
*i throu$h the rele%ant literature to ha%e an understandin$ of theliterature and also to identify those central to the research topic-
ased on the understandin$ of the literature, $roup the literature into subtopics within the o%erall topic/subject of the research indicatin$ the linbetween the subtopics e-$- Literature ap-
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Con!u#tin$ Literature Review (%"
Fro the $roupin$s, position the research bein$ undertaen withinthe lar$er body of literature to clearly illustrate where the research
fits and how it contributes to the literature-
1ritically read the literature that are central to the research topic,tain$ note of the ain issues, ain ar$uents, researchethodolo$y and ain findin$s/ iplication of findin$s/ conclusions/recoendations-
rite suaries for the notes-
1obine the suaries to for the literature re%iew sections andchapter, structurin$ the re%iew under thees or iportant concepts-
(Adapted fro 1reswell (2003)
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y'es o Literature Review (1"
*elfstudy re%iew 1onte"t re%iew
4istorical re%iew
!heoretical re%iew 5ethodolo$ical re%iew
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y'es o Literature Review (%"
Self-study reviews: increase the readers
confidence-
Learn & stiulate new ideas
67$i%in$ others confidence in the re%iewerscoand of the field7-
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y'es o Literature Review ()"
Context reviews: place a specific project in the bi$picture-
67creatin$ lins to a de%elopin$ body of nowled$e7
67tells the reader how a project fits into the bi$picture7point to a 9uestion or unresol%ed conflict:research 9uestion, objecti%es, hypotheses;7-
(? p30)
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y'es o Literature Review (*"
Historical reviews: trace the de%elopent of an
issue o%er tie-
67helpful7to show how we $ot to where we are
today :i-e- history of the de%elopent of @uantity
*ur%eyors;
(? p30)
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y'es o Literature Review (+"
Theoretical reviews: copare how different
theories address an issue :i-e- leadership stylesdispute resolution ethods procureent systes;-
67presents different theories about the saethin$ ay copare theories for the soundness of
their assuptions7 inte$rate two theories ore"tend theory-
(? p30)
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y'es o Literature Review (6" Methodological reviews: point out how ethodolo$y
%aries by study-
67specialiBed type7researcher e%aluatesethodolo$ical stren$th of past studies7-
An unliely approach for a dissertation (i-e- test,
conclude, theory) .! ay be eleents of such are%iew in 6+esearch 5ethod chapter to 'support and justify’ the ethod(s) you select(? p30)
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as,
7Cenerally since the be$innin$ of the 20th century, re$ulations ha%e been putin place to control acti%ities and address specific probles on constructionsites (4*L, =333)- !he construction re$ulations of =3D= and =3DD which were
ade under the Factories Acts of =3E>, =38 and =3D= priarily pro%idedhealth and safety (4&*) control of acti%ities (4*L, =333)- !hey howe%er did notpro%ide $uidance on health and safety ana$eent which accordin$ to theinfluence networ is the ost si$nificant strate$y le%el influence (oelLiited, 200>)- n =3>, the 4ealth and *afety at or etc Act (4*A) =3>was introduced to pro%ide a coprehensi%e and inte$rated sin$le piece ofle$islation dealin$ with the health and safety of people at wor and theprotection of the public fro wor acti%ities (4u$hes and Ferrett, 2008)-
hich type of literature re%iew is thisG
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Note-a,in$ an! r$anisin$ the Review
(1"Hou ust tae notes of your literature-
Focus on? I he ain issues a!!resse! I he ain ar$uents 'ut orwar!
I What you are tryin$ to $et out o a sour#e (rather thanon what the authors are tryin$ to say"
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Note-a,in$ an! r$anisin$ the Review
(%" As yourself the followin$ 9uestions?
I What !o 4 ,now alrea!y? I What a 4 loo,in$ or in this sour#e 5 what !o 4 thin$ 4
nee!?
I What is useul or !ierent in this sour#e $iven y
e3istin$ ,nowle!$e?
1onsider usin$ a notetain$ for for each piece ofliterature (refer to handout)
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Note-a,in$ an! r$anisin$ the Review
()" Jssential to aintain a literature file to store the aterial you
collect, structured as follows?
*ubdi%ide file into a nuber of topical areas I E.$. su''ose investi$atin$ the i'a#t o #ulture on
#onstru#tion 'ro!u#tivity then you ay #reate se#tionso the ile on
Kefinition and easureent of culture
Kefinition and easureent of producti%ity Factors affectin$ producti%ity
n each section all literature and suary fors will be included
1reate an inde" sheet at the front of the file with a list of allarticles, boos etc--
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he review write-u' (1"
+esults of the literature search ust be written intothe dissertation
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he review write-u' (%"
After copilation of the sources of inforation you ust
conduct a critical appraisal of pre%ious wor with a %iew
towards identifyin$ the followin$?
I Siilarities etween writers
I Coon issues raise! y writers
IDieren#es or #ontra!i#tions a!e y 'reviouswriters
I Criti#iss a!e y writers
I 7a's the ,nowle!$e area
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assi%e anner or 9uotationsG 1onsider the followin$passa$e?
Sith !"##$% said: &tiber frae is dead'( This has been blaed onthe construction process: &it is the construction process not the product) that causes probles' !*lac+) "##,%( ones !"##.% said that:&tiber frae has great potential'( Soe of this potential could bebecause of its insulation properties: as stated by /reen) !"##0%) &theenergy savings because of increased insulation would be phenoenal'(
hile usin$ rele%ant references, this te"t tells the reader little,and deonstrates a lac of synthesis and assertion on behalfof the author-
4n#or'oratin$ reeren#es (1"
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Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (1"
Why #ite reeren#es?
I !o reinforce an ar$uent
I to hi$hli$ht contrastin$ %iews / ar$uents in the
literature
I to deonstrate depth of research I to deonstrate understandin$
I any other reasonsG
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As a courtesy to the author of the ideas, inforation or wordsyou ha%e used-
!o show that you are not pla$iarisin$ other peoples wor byain$ the source clear-
!he reference helps the reader to find the ori$inal source (e-$-boo, webpa$e etc-)-
t aes it easier to find the source aterial if you need to
re%isit the source aterial-
!he correct and appropriate use of references in acadeicwritin$ will $i%e the reader ore confidence in yourconclusions/assertions and your writin$ $enerally since itsu$$ests that you ha%e been thorou$h in the research
process- D.E. Searle & S.Suresh
Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (%"
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When to reeren#e?
Hou should reference when you use a source ofinforation for?
A particular %iewpoint, ar$uent or theory
A source of inspiration
Kirect 9uotations (i-e- word for word reproduction ofthe source, this should be in 9uotation ars in thete"t)-
*pecific inforation (e-$- facts & fi$ures)-
Jlectronic inforation and te"ts which areparaphrased-
Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion ()"
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Reeren#in$ the !is#ussion (*"
5ore than one ethod but the one used at the.ni%ersity of ol%erhapton is !he '4ar%ard
ethod-
+efer to?
http?//www-wl%-ac-u/lib/sillsMforMlearnin$/referencin$/har%ardMreferencin$-asp"
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I each reference is identified by authors surnae andyear of publication e-$- (*ith, =33D)-
I !wo or ore sources fro sae author in sae year- I .p to two authors e-$- (*ith and Nones, 2000)-
I 5ore than two authors e-$- (*ith et al-, 200=)-
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J"ercise? ritin$ up the re%iew
D.E. Searle & S.Suresh
Exercise 1Read the sample paper entitled ‘Surveying flood damage to
domestic dwellings: the present state of knowledge’.
he paper represents a review of the flood damage su!"ect domain.
#onsider the following:$
%s the paper concise&
%s there a critical element to the review&
%s the review presented in a logical matter&
're the references taken from appropriate sources&
're the references listed correctly and consistently&
(ow are references cited in the text $ why have they !een
used)