Literary TermsLiterary TermsThe Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls

Why is Jeannette’s glass castle more like a sand castle? (metaphor)

The glass castle represents the hopes of a positive future for the family. Those hopes can be represented in a sand castle because it can be built but it can easily be washed away, just like the children’s hopes are often washed away.

Figurative Figurative Language/Literary Language/Literary

Terms ReviewTerms Review

Also known as descriptive language, or poetic language, figurative

language helps the writer paint a picture in the

reader’s mind.

AllusionAllusionA casual reference in literature to a person,

place, event, or another passage of literature.Example: "Fluffy" -- the three headed dog

in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.In Greek Mythology, Cerberus guards the gate to

the underworld.  He is "a three-headed, dragon-tailed dog, who permits all spirits to enter, but none to return."

--  from Edith Hamilton's Mythology

ColloquialismColloquialismA word or phrase used in everyday

plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing.

Example: The opening line from Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn

"You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain’t no matter."

Colloquialism cont’dColloquialism cont’dAnother example: The first sentence of

J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye"If you really want to hear about it, the

first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth."

Hyperbole Exaggeration or overstatement for an effect.“I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.”“This test is going to take forever to finish.”

Now you write one:Begin with “My dog is so ugly…” and finish the sentence using hyperbole.

(example: My dog is so ugly we had to pay the fleas to live on him!)

IdiomAn expression in one language that cannot be matched or directly translated word-for-word in another language.

“tough nut to crack”

“piece of cake”

Now you write one.

Verbal IronyVerbal IronyAn implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant

Example: From Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

Mercutio (Romeo's best friend) receives a wound which he calls “a scratch,” but he knows it is fatal.

SymbolSymbolUsing an object or action that

means something more than its literal meaning

Example: From William Golding’s Lord of the Flies

The conch is a concrete object, but it represents the abstract concepts of law and order and of course a civilized society.

Metaphor A comparison of two unlike things, but does NOT use the words "like" or "as".

“She was an ice cube before the heat kicked on.”“They are two peas in a pod.”

SimileA comparison of two unlike

things using the words "like" or "as".

“She is as cold as ice.”“The stars shine like

diamonds.”

ThemeThemethe general idea or insight about

life that a writer wishes to express

Example: From Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird,:

“Even if one person stands up for what is right, when all others are against him or her, it can make a positive difference.”

Examples from The Glass Castle?

The AppealsThe AppealsAppeal to character: EthosTo make an argument that is a persuasive

appeal to someone’s moral and ethical nature.Example: William Golding’s Lord of the FliesRight after Simon is killed, Ralph says, “`That

was murder…’ Ralph’s voice, low and stricken, stopped Piggy’s gestures…`Don’t you understand, Piggy? The things we did…’”

Ralph is trying to do the right thing, ethically.

The Appeals cont’dThe Appeals cont’dAppeal to reason: LogosTo use rational thinking to persuade by

means of an argument “suitable to the case in question.”

Also known as rational appeal or logical proof

Example: Dr. Martin Luther King's speechFive score years ago, a great American, in whose

symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.

Another example of LogosAnother example of LogosFrom William Golding’s Lord of

the FliesRight after the ship goes by

because Jack pulled Samneric from the fire, Jack tries to explain that he HAD to hunt.

“The job was too much. We needed everyone.…We needed meat.”

The Appeals cont’dThe Appeals cont’dAppeal to Pity: PathosTo make an argument with

emotional appeal that targets the audience’s altruism and mercy.

Example: From Jeannette Walls’ The Glass Castle

“Quixote landed with a screeching meow and a thud, Dad accelerated up the road, and I burst into tears” (18).

Pathos cont.Pathos cont.

Find Two ExamplesFind Two ExamplesUse your book to find quotes from The Glass

Castle that fit with TWO of the literary terms that we just discussed.

On the back of your handout, copy down the quote, state which term it fits with, and write a brief explanation about why/how it is an example of that literary term.

Try to focus on examples other than symbolism, unless it is an object that we have not already discussed.

When you finish, work on your prefix handout, DQ’s, or study for your prefix test tomorrow

I will be around to stamp