Literary terms

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Literary Terms Literary Terms

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Transcript of Literary terms

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Literary TermsLiterary Terms

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PlotPlot

What happens in the storyWhat happens in the story

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ConflictConflict

External conflict – a character External conflict – a character struggles against another person, struggles against another person, group of people or force of nature group of people or force of nature (tornado or a bear).(tornado or a bear).

Internal conflict – a stuggle that Internal conflict – a stuggle that takes place in the character’s mind, takes place in the character’s mind, like when a character must make a like when a character must make a decision.decision.

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ComplicationsComplications

A series of events that make it very A series of events that make it very hard for the character to get what hard for the character to get what he/she wants.he/she wants.

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ClimaxClimax

The story’s most emotional or The story’s most emotional or suspenseful moment. The point at suspenseful moment. The point at which the conflict is decided one way which the conflict is decided one way or another.or another.

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ResolutionResolution

The last part of the story. The conflict The last part of the story. The conflict is resolved and the loose ends of the is resolved and the loose ends of the story are tied up. This is how the story are tied up. This is how the story ends.story ends.

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SubplotsSubplots

Plots that are part of the larger story Plots that are part of the larger story but are not as important.but are not as important.

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Parallel episodesParallel episodes

The storyteller repeats the main The storyteller repeats the main outline of an episode several times.outline of an episode several times.

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CharacterizationCharacterization

The way a writer reveals a characterThe way a writer reveals a character

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Direct CharacterizationDirect Characterization

Stating directly what the character is Stating directly what the character is likelike

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Indirect CharacterizationIndirect Characterization

Describing the appearance of the Describing the appearance of the charactercharacter

Showing the character in actionShowing the character in action Allowing us to hear the character Allowing us to hear the character

speakspeak Revealing the character’s thoughts and Revealing the character’s thoughts and

feelingsfeelings Showing how others react to the Showing how others react to the

charactercharacter

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MotivationMotivation

Motivation is what makes characters Motivation is what makes characters behave the way they dobehave the way they do

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ForeshadowForeshadow

This makes us feel suspense. The This makes us feel suspense. The storyteller gives us clues that hint at storyteller gives us clues that hint at future events.future events.

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SettingSetting

Where and when the story takes Where and when the story takes placeplace

The customs of the story must fit the The customs of the story must fit the time and placetime and place

The setting can play a key role in The setting can play a key role in creating tone and mood creating tone and mood (atmosphere)(atmosphere)

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SimileSimile

Figurative language that compares Figurative language that compares two unlike things and uses “like” or two unlike things and uses “like” or “as.”“as.”

The perfume smelled like a spring day.The perfume smelled like a spring day.

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MetaphorMetaphor

Figurative language that compares Figurative language that compares two unlike things directly without two unlike things directly without using a specific word of comparison.using a specific word of comparison.

The crowd was a storm.The crowd was a storm.

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PersonificationPersonification

Figurative language that speaks of a Figurative language that speaks of a nonhuman or inanimate thing as if it nonhuman or inanimate thing as if it has human like qualities.has human like qualities.

The frog cried.The frog cried.

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SymbolsSymbols

People, places, events, or things that People, places, events, or things that have meaning themselves but also have meaning themselves but also stand for something beyond stand for something beyond themselves.themselves.

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DialectDialect

A way of speaking that is A way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular place or characteristic of a particular place or group of people.group of people.

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MoodMood

The writer produces mood by The writer produces mood by creating images and using sounds creating images and using sounds that convey a particular feeling.that convey a particular feeling.

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ToneTone

The attitude a writer takes toward The attitude a writer takes toward his/her subject, characters, and his/her subject, characters, and audience.audience.

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ThemeTheme

The author’s message in a story. The The author’s message in a story. The author reveals something about life author reveals something about life and people.and people.

The stories that have a meaning The stories that have a meaning beyond the people and events on beyond the people and events on their pages-- a meaning that we can their pages-- a meaning that we can use—are the ones that change our use—are the ones that change our lives. This deeper meaning is called lives. This deeper meaning is called THEME.THEME.

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StyleStyle

The way a writer uses language.The way a writer uses language.– PunctuationPunctuation– AllusionAllusion– dialectdialect

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IronyIrony

Verbal irony – we say just the Verbal irony – we say just the opposite of what we mean.opposite of what we mean.

Situational irony – what happens is Situational irony – what happens is different from what we expect.different from what we expect.

Dramatic irony – we know something Dramatic irony – we know something a character doesn’t know.a character doesn’t know.

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Literary Terms for PoetryLiterary Terms for Poetry

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RhythmRhythm

The repetition of stressed and The repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables—it provides the unstressed syllables—it provides the poem’s beat.poem’s beat.

ThĭsThĭs lŏvelŏvely ly flówflówěr ěr féllféll tŏ tŏ séedséed

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MeterMeter

A regular pattern of stressed and A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.unstressed syllables.

DăyDăy áfáftěrtěr dáydáy, , dăydăy áfáftěrtěr dáydáy

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RhymeRhyme

The repetition of the sounds of The repetition of the sounds of stressed syllables and any stressed syllables and any unstressed syllables that follow.unstressed syllables that follow.

sportsport sputteringsputtering courtcourt mutteringmuttering

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Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme

A pattern of rhymes in linesA pattern of rhymes in lines ABAB or AABB and so onABAB or AABB and so on

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End RhymesEnd Rhymes

The rhyming words occur at the end The rhyming words occur at the end of the lineof the line

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Internal RhymesInternal Rhymes

These rhymes occur within linesThese rhymes occur within lines

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Approximate RhymeApproximate Rhyme

These rhymes use sounds that are These rhymes use sounds that are similar but not exactly the same.similar but not exactly the same.

Fellow hollowFellow hollow Bat bitBat bit

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AlliterationAlliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds in Repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together.words that are close together.

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AssonanceAssonance

The repetition of vowel sounds in The repetition of vowel sounds in words close together.words close together.

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OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

The word imitates the sound it The word imitates the sound it makes.makes.

CrashCrash bangbang boomboom SnapSnap cracklecrackle poppop

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CoupletCouplet

Two rhyming lines are consecutive or Two rhyming lines are consecutive or together. (One right after other).together. (One right after other).

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ElegyElegy

A poem written for someone who has A poem written for someone who has died.died.

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Free VerseFree Verse

This does not have a regular pattern This does not have a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free verse sounds like ordinary Free verse sounds like ordinary speech.speech.

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BalladBallad

Songlike poem that tells a story, Songlike poem that tells a story, often a sad story of betrayal, death, often a sad story of betrayal, death, or loss. Ballads usually have a or loss. Ballads usually have a regular, steady rhythm, a simple regular, steady rhythm, a simple rhyme pattern, and a refrain, all of rhyme pattern, and a refrain, all of which make them easy to memorize.which make them easy to memorize.

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EpicEpic

A long narrative poem about many A long narrative poem about many deeds of a great hero. Epics are deeds of a great hero. Epics are closely connected to a particular closely connected to a particular culture. The hero of an epic culture. The hero of an epic embodies the important values of the embodies the important values of the society he comes from. (Heroes from society he comes from. (Heroes from epics have-- so far-- been male.)epics have-- so far-- been male.)

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Narrative PoemNarrative Poem

A poem that tells a story – a series of A poem that tells a story – a series of related events.related events.

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Lyric PoemLyric Poem

A poem that does not tell a story but A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings of a expresses the personal feelings of a speaker.speaker.

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OdeOde

A long lyric poem, usually praising A long lyric poem, usually praising some subject, and written in dignified some subject, and written in dignified language.language.

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SonnetSonnet

A fourteen-line lyric poem that A fourteen-line lyric poem that follows strict rules of structure, follows strict rules of structure, meter, and rhyme.meter, and rhyme.