CHAPTER - - . . . . . V

LITERACY

1. Introduction. 2. LiteracyinB~apurDiatrict: 1971,

1901 and 1991.

3. Male - Female Mmntial in Ukmq.

4. Rural Uben Differential in Literacym

5. Condudon.

~ducadon its one of h e important needs of ilbe. A ion deme of llt-

is an 0-k to m o m i c @QWh. The most bsdc minimum memumment of ed~catbnal Status * the degree of l i t e q . fit- ia

deRned aa an ability to read and write oneb name in the hguw

of one's country. 'In Indian Census, a person who is considered to be

literatel, if he can rcad and write with understanding in any language. It

is not that he should have received any formal education or should have

passed an examination with minimum education standard for being

A certain minimum level of literacy is therefore, a basic requirement for the people to get out of ignorance and backwardness. While overall

progress in literacy and education is necessary in a country in this

context, qually importent is its spread in all its area, towns and villages.

Thewarthas defines the literate on the basis of the ability of a person to read and write his name in his country's language.

Literacy is essential for economic development, social advactmmt

and democratic gmvth of e country and also literacy influences various

other demographic attributes like fertility, mortdity and economic

pattern$ etcas

UQscy and mnomic PI"Ogrea8 go together but th* is not e m c e d in Bijapur &bid due to out migration of the educated

. ..

people. The literacy rate of the di~tria i~ the p d u a of its mtire economic hifatory i.e., type of economy h the district, d e m d

urbanisation, mailability of opportunities for getting education, degree of

development of transport and other infrastructural facilities.

The employment opportunities in the urban area demand literacy and

education aa the requirement. In urban area the child can be spared for

education, where the population is w d l y more awakened and economically more capable of imparting education. The need to get

education is more in urban area than in rural area. Women status is high

in urban areaar where there is more awakening of the p p l e in respect to education.. In the district of Bijapur it is seen that the p m s 8 of literacy

programmes, compulsory education and adult education programme8

have helped in increasing the literacy rate.

LJTEMCYMBAW'M DIM'=:

a) Literacy in Bgapur District in 197 1 :

Bijapur district as a whole the total literacy rate du- 1971 was about

27.48%.

The literacy in Buapur district can be o b m d in three categories:

l.ArecrsofWighLtbe~(crboue 19.2%):

Consisting of Badamt, Bagmadi, Bijapur, B1Ugl Hungund, I d ,

Jamkhandi, Muddebihal, Mudhol and Sindgi t e l u h .

2. Amas of Medium Laemcy : (9,7 ta 19.2%)

IS in Bagaht taluk only.

~ o a h - w c ~ t ~ m a and two talukm the s~uth. Ten M u h under high literacy @E H u ~ n d , Indi, Jemkhsndi, Mudd&ihal, uudhol and 8indgi talukf~~e Bijap~r taluk r e a r m the highest pemntege of literacy in BiJ~pur district with 32.04%. he laond

highest was H U W ~ taluka 31 -36%. The third m k g a s to Bademl tdukawith24.4~0- The fourth m k W m t to Muddcbihal with 27.78%,

folbived by JatrM~andi with 26.29%, Begew&i Wuka with 24.96°/~., B W tduka with 24.3890, Sindgi taluka with 22.5096, lndi

Muka with 22.38% and Mudhol taluka with 22.4 1% in 197 1.

The talukas of hlgh literacy recorded percentage of literacy rates where

educational facilities 1 h primary schools, high schools and colleges are

more in number. Them taluhas are fairly developed in agriculture and are

more in number. These t d u h are fairly developoed in agriculture and are advantageously placed with regard to educational Wtiee . The

general tendency for the rural people is to migrate to the taluk headquarters in search of employment, whereby they feel to get educated

and to seek employment. The migrating illiterates quickly attain Ute-

in an urban setting.

2. A t r c r s d t h ~ ~ ( 9 . 7 % ~ 1 9 . 2 % ) :

The areas of medium literacy indude only one taluka vh., Bagsllrot,

which has 16.33% of Ute- rate. There h m e kind of hind- and

set back in the functional and spatial growth of B-t due to fear of

nibmergence d towneihip and some neighbouring villages under Krishna

river pmject, near Amatti. Thcrefar~, people an out *ting fmm this

auks in tmarch of employment and education.

TL = Total Literacy TP = Total Population

Male

26,102 9 1,755

18,954 75,696

35,071 93,571

38,337 1,57,403

15,487 4 1,043

45,102 92,452

26,518 1,09,629

39,766 1,05,989

33,872 79,%7

13,404 6 1,838

33,321 96,644

33,321 96,644

Taluks Badarni

m o t '

Bagewadi

Buapur

Biligi

Hungund

Indi

Jarnkhandi

Muddebihal

Mudhol

Sindgi

Total

TI, TP

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TP TL

TL TP

Persons

54,290 1,84,052

24,414 1,49,491

46,365 1,85,695

98,103 3,06,106

20,146 1,86,022

58,343 1,86,022

47,468 2,12,040

54,432 2,06,982

44,184 1,58,995

27,463 1,22,503

43,017 1,91,1W

5,45,733 19,85,591

YO

29.49

16.33

24.96

32.04

24.38

31.36

22.38

26.29

27.78

22.41

22.50

22.50

%

28.44

25.03

37.48

43.41

37.73

48.78

24.18

37.51

42.58

21.67

34.47

34.47

Female

7,342 92,297

5,460 73,795

11,294 92,124

29,766 1,48,703

4,576 4 1,558

13,241 93,576

10,950 1,02,4 1 1

14,666 1,00,993

10,312 79,448

3,715 60,665

9,696 94,460

9,696 94,460

%

7.95

7.39

12.25

20.01

11.20

14.15

10.69

14.52

12.97

6.12

10.26

10.26

7

Muddebihal TP 33,188 24.76 26,374 39.46 TL 1,34,036 66,822

5 z u k a t-

Badami

,@k~t

6,814 I 10.13 67,2 14

- ~ n o n ~ -s

TP TL

TP

%

33,444 24073

TL

Malc

26,102 67,197

18,954

1,35,216

24t4l4

Bijapur Tp 43,353 21.44 32,654 31.84 10,699 TL 2,02,175 1,02,530 99,645

Sw TP 20,146 24.38 15,489 37.73 4,657 TL 82,601 4 1,043 4 1,558

~ ~ n g u n d TP 40,598 28.32 32,579 46.19 8,019 TL 1,43,325 70,519 72,806

97,745 48,43 1

32,243 86,486

a4~97

%

38.84

39.13

modi 37.28

Female

7,342 68,O 19

5,460

o/,

1 ~ ~ 1 9

11.m 49,314

10,111 85,273

TP 42,354 TL 1,71,693

11.85 24.66

- Taluk

Badami

Bagalkat

m a d i

Bijapur

Biligi

Hungund

Indi

Jamkhandi

Muddebihal

Mudhol

Sindgi

Total

I'emms

20,846 48,836

27,508 5 1,746

4,011 14,002

54,750 1,03,93 1

17,745 42,697

5,029 13,745

3 1,7 13 82,822

10,966 24,959

10,344 28,254

3,728 10,178

1,86,670 7,2 1,175

%

42-68

53.15

28.64

52.67

41.56

36.58

38.29

43.93

36.61

36.62

44.32

Male

14,358 24,558

18,342 27,265

2,828 7,151

35,686 54,873

12,523 2 1,933

3,367 7,177

2 1,525 42,539

7,498 12,725

6,957 14,356

2,475 5,179

1,25,556 2,17,756

%

58.46

67.27

39.54

65.02

57.09

46.91

50.60

58.92

48.46

47.78

57-65

Female

6,488 24,278

9,166 24,48 1

1,183 6,85 1

19,067 49,058

5,222 20,764

1,662 6,568

10,188 40,288

3,498 12,234

3,382 13,898

1,253 4,999

%

26.72

37.44

17.26

38.86

25.14

25.30

25.28

28.59

24-33

25.06

I 1.. I I I I I

BIJAPUR DISTRICT Ll TER ACY 1971 lid -

3, ~ q f t " , - - # P . k S * ~ :

Nil.

1. Arcm of high uterecy (above 25.2%),

2. Areas of Medium bsacy (1 2.7% to 25.2?40),

3. Areas of law likmq (Belant 12.6%)).

1. Atrmru #--- 16.1%)

b a s with high literacy included in th i~ category are the entire north,

north-western, north-eastern, southern and wuth-castern parts of

Bijapur district, It mem all talukas except Mudhol taluka.

Baglallcot taluk ranks fmt in BBijapur district with 40.00% of literacy.

The second hilgheat wm Buapur taluka with 37.20%, J3adami taluka was

the third highest with 32.41%, ffih rank went to Muddebihal talulca with

31.87%. These were followed by Jamkhandi 29.03%, Biligi talulca with

27.73% and Indi taluka with 26.66%.

BUapur dirtrict h a a gest deal d awarenes. fa the need of ducation both in rural and urban anas,. The development of the means of

transport and communication has h e l m the rural people to make best use of them to get education. It L alw seen that pubk polides, the

p m m d literacy propagation, compuby education and adult

Hungund TL 75,166 1 34.15 1 55,661 1 51.19 19,505 TP 2,20,070 1,08,73 1 1,l 1,339

Mudhol TL 41,893 25.49 30,033 36.35 11,760 TP 1,64,330 82,60 1 8 1,729

Total TL I I I 2,19,247 TP 11,89,6 12

%

29b51

29m84

32.02

25.41

26.50

30.57

25.62

21.34

28.22

20.74

25.84

\Pmnn8

46p393 1,57,191

34,177 1,14,511

64v3?6 2,01,016

58,662 2,30,839

23,365 88,140

48,456 1,58,464

58,018 2,26,383

33,929 1,58,942

42,748 1,51,478

25,961 1,25,165

53,371 2,06,523

TL TP

Tt TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

m TP

TL TP

TL W

TL TP

TL TP

I

Mae 34,438 77,766

25,672 56,653

46,540 1,00,938

42,987 1,16,746

17,126 43,712

37,384 77,873

43,439 1,16,182

25,801 80,800

33,087 74,864

19,611 62,848

40,106 1,03,694

T d ~ k I

sadami

sasalkot

~egnraa

Bijapur

Bil i i

Hungund

Indi

Jamkhandi

~ ~ d d c b m

Mudhol

Sindgi

Total

%

44.28

45.31

46.10

42.10

39.17

48.00

37.38

31.93

44-19

31.20

38-67

Fme

11,955 79,495

8,505 57,858

17,836 1,00,078

15,675 1,14,093

6,239 44,428

11,066 80,59 1

14,579 1,10,20 1

8,128 78,142

9,6e1 76,614

6,350 62,317

13,265 1,02,829

9,M,576 1,23,259

15-03

14-69

17.82

13.73

14.04

13.73

13.22

l0.4O

lado

lo-18

12*90

13.59

,

t

Taluk

Bad&

Baglalkot

Bagewadi

Bijapur

Biligi

Hungund

Indi

Jamkhandi

Muddebihal

Mudhol

&dgi

Total

TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TP

TL TP

n, TP

Persians

25,429 57,476

38,783 67,865

6,901 18,881

81,855 1,46,808

3,865 10,047

26,716 61,006

7,089 17,767

44,671 1,11,751

16,146 33,297

15,832 39,165

7,353 15,809

27,464 5,80,472

I

%

44.24

57.14

36.54

55.75

38.47

43.79

39.89

39.97

48.49

40.42

46.51

47.31

Male

16,772 28,70 1

24,567 35,3 17

4,616 9,556

51,141 26,256

2,578 5,105

18,277 30,858

4,812 9,365

29,310 56,532

10,802 17,202

10,422 19,753

5,355 8,79 1

1,78,653 2,97,436

%

30.08

43.67

24.50

43.53

26.06

27.44

27.08

27.81

95,33

27.86

28-46

33.91

%

58.43

69.56

48.30

67.06

50.49

59.22

51.38

51.84

62.79

52.76

60,91

60.06

Female

8,657 28,775

14,216 32,548

2,285 9,325

30,714 70,552

1,288 4,942

8,439 30,748

2,276 8,402

15,361 55,2 19

15,341 16,095

5,410 19,4 12

1,998 7,018

95,988 2,83,036

BIJAPUR DISTRICT LITERACY 1981

Literacy in Rrcentage QaI!h*

education programmes haw helped in Inmmiq the literacy rates. The

availability of educational haitution within the reach of gmeral man has become an important detemhmt to in- the lit- rate.

Medium litcrq rate is nottced only in om tatuka viz., Mudhol whm the

total literacy rate ia 25.49%.

a. AmsqfLolcrLSrmrcy(8stolo12.7%1

Nil.

c) ~ h B U q p l r r D b W c t ~ 1 9 9 1 :

According to 199 1 census, literacy rate in Buapur district was

4 1.54%.

1. Ateas of High literacy rates ( A h 41.09%),

2. Area8 of Medium literacy rate (I3etween 16.79% to 33.58%)

3. Areas of Low literacy rate (blow 16.79%). 4. heas of high literacy (Above 4 1.09%).

1- A t r r u g f ~ h E # r t r p c a ( ~ ~ + l . O S ~

Thia category included 10 talukaa viz,, Bagalkot 50.37%, Indi 48.97%,

Badami with 48.22%, Sindgi taluka with 48.04%, Bgapur 48.06%,

Bagcwadi 45.64%, Muddcbihal 43.40%, Bllegl 39.14% and Mudhol 38.89%.

These ta luh have shown considerabk increw in literacy rates, due

to opening up of educational Wtution8 supported by better transport

facilities, anaequently gene- more rural-urban interaction.

Tabla- 12

Wap- - RtrrrrcM L- llabr 1991 Olnrw

-~Lttstrrcpr

Tahk

Badanli

-0t

agew wadi

Bijapur

Biligi

Hungund

lndi

Jamkhandi

Muddebhal

Mudhol

Shdgi

T a

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

TL TP

n TP

TL TP

TL TP

Persons

1~23,603 2,56,285

1~04,955 2,08,354

1,16,277 2,54,734

2,27,107 4,72,478

46,508 1,18,810

1,15,218 2,45,076

1,48,233 3,02,683

26,693 3,38,704

94,990 2,18,837

75,575 1,94,293

1,33,536 2,77,934

12,12,6Q5 29,18,829

%

48-22

50.37

45.64

48.06

39.14

47.01

48.97

7.88

43.40

38.89

48.04

41.54

Male

78,439 1,28,275

66,961 1,25,728

74,644 1,29,4 14

1,42,521 2,44,308

31,037 59,327

75,472 1,22,469

91,282 1,56,396

15,873 1,72,314

63,738 1,10,038

48,313 98,345

84,686 1,43,344

7,72,%6 14,85,365

%

61.14

63.33

57.67

58,33

52.37

61.62

58.36

9.21

57.92

49.12

59.07

52.03

Female

45,164 1,28,0 10

37,994 1,02,626

41,633 1,25,320

84,586 2,28,170

15,471 59,483

39,746 1,22,607

56,951 1,46,287

10,820 1,66,390

31,252 1,08,799

27,265 95,948

48,850 1,34,590

4,391729 14,33,464

%

35.28

37.02

33.22

37.09

26.00

32.41

38.93

6.50

28-72.

28.41

36.29

30*67

I I I I I 4

# 7rd 15 sf 45' I ~ O ' is' 76s; 1 I I 1 1 I 1 I

LITERACY IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT IN 1991 11'3;

ii

rid

45

36

t i

1 i 6 -

-

-

-

-

-

- ,

a . k . l u d ~ ~ ( l 6 m d . s a s ~ : In thc medium l&tmcy BmUp of 16.79% to 33.58% no taluka was found.

3. A r r r u * ~ ~ ( 1 6 . ? 9 9 q :

T h i ~ included only one taluh i.c., Jemlrhaadi with 7.88%. The causcs for such low level of literacy in Jamkhandl taluk are not

known. It is s tmqe to note that the Jamkhandi taluk despite being rich

in agriculture, irrigation, trade and commerce has witnemwd low rate of

literacy. One of the probable reasons for low rate of literacy in Jarnkhandi

taluk may bay be due to in-migration of large number of agricultural labourers, from surrounding tduks as JamWlandi taluk is able to mate

green revolution due to Ghataphrbha canal idgation.

4 . k - l . D 4 @ b ~ d d i n L b m q :

In the modern context it is by the position of a women in society that

we huge the 80cio-economic advancement of a society. The trend of female literacy rate shows the importance of female education. In 1971, there

was 14.29% of female literacy while in 1981 it was increased to 19.43%.

Whereas male literacy in 1971 was 40.33% and in 1981 it was about

45.04%. thee figures show the conthuously incrc- growth of literacy in the Bijapur district, but the percentage of literacg is higher in case of males than in females,. An enormouzs scope for the improvement

of female literacy is very much needed in the rural as well a8 urban areas.

In 1971 the percentage of male literacy was highest in Hungund taluh

with 48.78%. The m n d highest was in Muddebihd taluka with 42.58%.

The third rank went to BUapur taluka with 43.41%. It was f011owed by

Jamkhmdi taluka with 37.51%, Biligl taluka with 37.73%, B a g W

67.48, Mami tduka with 28.44%, BagUot taluk with 25.3%, Indi talulm with 24.18%, Mudhol taluka with 21.67% and Hungund tnluka

with 14.15%.

The female literacy was lower than that of the males in 1971. It

rccordcd highest in Bijapur taluka with 20.01%, followed by Jarnkhandi

taluka with 14.52%, Hungund taluka with 14.15%, Muddebihal taluka with 12.97%. The re8t of the ta luh were within the range of 11.20% to

6.12%.

In 1981 the male literacy rn higheat in Bagalkot taluka with 54.62%.

The second highest was in Hungund taluka with 5 1.19%. The third rank

was recorded in Bijapur talulca with 48.77%. The rest of the talukas were

within the fange of 48.09% to 36.35%.

The female literacy in 1981 was recorded highest in Bagdkot taluka

with 25.13%. The second highest was 25.12%, in Bijapur taluka. Badarni taluka recorded third higheat with 19.14% while m a d i taluka m r d e d 18.39%, Jamkhandi taluka 17.61%, Hungund taluka 17.51%.

The reat of the talukaa were within the range of 17.50% to 13.8W0.

During 1991 Male literacy was recorded higheat in V t taluka with 63.33%, Hungund tdulca recorded the stcond highest of about

61.62%. The third rank was recorded in Badami taluka with 61.14%.

The fourth place went to Sindgi talulca with 59.07%. The reat of the

tdukas recorded within the r .af w.3396 to 9.2 1%.

I%: 8- variation of male litcraq between different do-economic gmupe of pmpk ia clearly aasoci&d with caste and income level of

M y , Male population is attracted towmds mndary and t*

activitien. This high proportion of male population has i n c h thc level

of mate litmcy.

Female literacy plays an important role in promoting the position of women in the society. A s per 1991 census, Indi taluka recorded fmt

highest percentage of female literacy of abut 38.93%. The second highest

wm in Bagalkot taluka with 37.07%, the third rank went to Bijapur

taluka with 37.02%. The rest of the t a l u h were within the range of

36.29% to 6.50%.

The low level of femalc literacy was found in Jamkhandi taluka with

6.50% where female children are neglected and are sent to school due to large number of labour class population. This shows that the process of

literacy has been largely in the context of its functional or occupational

value.

This shows that special educational instiitutions for female are few in

the talukas. Girls ate not allowed, much mobility and it is rare that a

female child is sent to a school even in the &joining village, if the home

village happens to have no school. Due to this factor the rural female

literacy is lower than the urban in the district. In general the feeling of

the parents about their daughter education is that the ultimate aim of the

girl is to get d e d end as such an investment in her educ~tion will not

bring any economic benefit to her parents, The proportion of gkl dmp out

in the rural area is particularly high. The steep reduction in the n u m b

of girls at higher level of education indicate8 disinclination of the parents

to spend on thc education on girla. It is arugposed that girla can be helping hands to their mothers in domestic work, thts cannot be spared

for education. It ia hoped that the opening up of new schools at the villages will further reduce the gap between i3lale and demale literacy.

5.m-w-tn-: Within the district there is aub~tantial degree of variation in rural and

urban mas. The urban litemq has high degree of variation between

male and f d e s whereas high variations are obsetved in rural areas. The rural urban difference is discussed for the period of 1971, 1981 and

1991.

In 1971 the average urban literacy rate in the Bijapur district waa

22.95% and r u d literacy was 44.32%. Thus the gap between the two

was 2 1.37%.

In 1971 rural literacy w m highest in Hungund taluka with 28.32%.

The second highest was in Begalkot taluka with 24.97% follawcd by 24.73% in Badami tatuka, 24.76% in Muddebihal taluka and 24.66% in

Ehgewadi taluka. The rest of the t a M M were within the range of 2 1.76%

to 18.16%.

The urban literacy was higher than the rural literacy, when it was highnt in Bagaht taluka with 53.15%. The second highest was in

Bijapur taluka with 52.6%. The thW higheat was in Muddebhd talukla

with 43.93%. The rest of the talukas were within the r a w of 42.68% to

28.64%.

Male

Hungund Muddebihal

Bijapur Biligi

Jamkhandi

Bagewadi Badami

m t

Indi

Mudhol Hungund

Male I

sagalkot Hungund

Bijapur Badami

Muddebihal

l3U Sin@

Jamkhandi Indi Mudhol

YO

48.78

42.58

43.41

37.73

37.51

37.48

28.44

25.03

24.18

21.67

14.15

YO

54.62

51.19

48.77

48.09

47.67

46.29

40.4 1

40.36

40.12

38.43

36.35

Femalc

Bijapur Jamkhandi

Hungund Muddebihal

Bagewadi

Biligi Indi

Sindgi

Badad

m o t Mudhol

YO 'I

20.0 1

14.52

14.15

12.97

12.25

1 1.20

10.69

10.26

7.95

7.39

6.12

Female

BapAlknt Bijapur

Badami Bagwadi

Jamkhandi Hungund Muddcbihal

Biligi Mudhol Indi SinW

YO

25.132

25.12

19.04

18.3 1

17.6 1

17.51

16.18

15.24

14.38

14.2 1

13.89

lndi

Bi8p~r

35.28 33.22

5836

32.41

28d2

28,41

2f1~00

6.50

583 be~adi H n n ~ n d

Mnddebihal Mudhol

B ' i Junkhandi

A

Muddebihsl 57.92

B0g~adl

ail@

Mudha1 ~ & d i

57.67

52.37

49.11

9.21

In 1981 the m'd k m q y rate of Bijapur district rsa 26.91% a d urban 1 - k ~ apr 47.31% with a gsp of 20.404b.

The uterac~ W a r highest in the Muka of Hungund with 30.57%.

The kcond hWe8t was in Ragewadi talu~p with 32.02%. ~ h c LM highest was in m t trrluh with 19.64%. This m followed by Badmi taluka 29.51%. Muddebihd taluka with 28.22% and Biligi taluka

with 26.50%. The rest of the talulkas were within the range of 25.84% to

20.74%.

The urban litefacy was higher than the rural, literacy. The urban literacy was highest in the taluka of E3agFllkot with 57.14%. The gewnd

highest was in Byaput taluka with 55.75%. The thM highest waa in

Muddebihal talukla with 48.49°!. Thi~ was followed by 46.51% in Sinw

taluka., 44.24% in Badami taluka, and 43.79% in Hungund taluk.

The 1991 rural l i t e w in the entire Bljepur disMet was about

39.78%. While urban literscy wa8 49.10% which was h-st than nusl

literaq.

There has been an increase in the litaacy rates in the total population

of the Bgapur district. The trend has k e n maintained for both rural and urban aree.8. There haa been enormous field of impmvement for female

literacy, which has been senr even in the misl snas. IN all the talukss

the libmay rate among urban mas has oon8iderably i m p d . But

within the distrlet there is d t h n between rural and urben areas.

UtersEy hm~t in urtm arrsa *th 64.32% ut 8 d m n d NBbnt in Bi ja~r Wuka With 63.6 1%. The third higheat ma in sindgi taluka with 58.39%, the fourth plafe wmt to Muddebihal tduk

with 58.04%. IN the --- taluka of Badaml, Bqewadi, BUJgl, Hungund,

~udhol, lndi it was in the range of 556.14% to 52.55%. kmt was recorded in Jamkhandl (6.25%).

The rural lkracy in Bijapur district was lower than the urban. An

average of Bijapur district was recorded about 39.78%. The firat rank went to Indi taluka with 48.64%, the second rank went to Sin@ taluka with 47.40Y0, the third rank went to wewadi Muka with 45.54%.

Badami taluka recorded 45.31%. The rest of the talukas viz., Bagallrot,

Bijapur, Biligi, Hungund, Muddebihal, Mudhol and Jamkhandil was

recorded within the range of 42.15% to 14.68%.

The rural and urban gap of literacy in 1991 was about 9.32%.

By the comparison of 1971, 1981 and 1991 census we can come to

know that literacy is fairly high in urban areas than in m d areas end it is more in casc d males than in female&. The disparities in the Bijapur

district in rural urban as well as male-female Literacy rates may be due to

the following factas which are revealed fmm the d e W d analysis.

1. The social Life and economic progress of urban areas is of such

magnitude that the need to get education is felt more than in rural prras,

although an enormous improvement hm been taken up in rural areas

over e period of 4 decades of independent In& 2. The educational W t i e s adable in urban areps ar'e hr mmc than

those in the country side.