LISTA DE REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS E RESUMOS COVID …

LISTA DE REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS E RESUMOS– COVID -19

Atualizado em: 3 de maio de 2021

1

Título

Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19- related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Autor(es)

Rohini Mathur, Christopher T Rentsch, Caroline E Morton, William J Hulme, Anna Schultze, Brian MacKenna, Rosalind M Eggo,

Krishnan Bhaskaran, Angel Y S Wong, Elizabeth J Williamson, Harriet Forbes, Kevin Wing, Helen I McDonald, Chris Bates, Seb Bacon,

Alex J Walker, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, Amir Mehrkar, Helen J Curtis, Nicholas J DeVito, Richard Croker, Henry Drysdale,

Jonathan Cockburn, John Parry, Frank Hester, Sam Harper, Ian J Douglas, Laurie Tomlinson, Stephen J W Evans, Richard Grieve,

David Harrison, Kathy Rowan, Kamlesh Khunti, Nishi Chaturvedi, Liam Smeeth, Ben Goldacre, for the OpenSAFELY Collaborative

Resumo

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority ethnic populations in the UK. Our aim was to quantify ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in England.

Referências

MATHUR, R. et al. Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet, [Netherlands], v. 0, n. 0, Apr. 30, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00634-6.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00634-6/fulltext

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00634-6/fulltext



2

Título

Interim findings from first-dose mass COVID-19 vaccination roll-out and COVID-19 hospital admissions in Scotland: a national prospective cohort study

Autor(es)

Eleftheria Vasileiou, Colin R Simpson, Ting Shi, Steven Kerr, Utkarsh Agrawal, Ashley Akbari, Stuart Bedston, Jillian Beggs, Declan

Bradley, Antony Chuter, Simon de Lusignan, Annemarie B Docherty, David Ford, F D Richard Hobbs, Mark Joy, Srinivasa Vittal

Katikireddi, James Marple, Colin McCowan, Dylan McGagh, Jim McMenamin, Emily Moore, Josephine L K Murray, Jiafeng Pan,

Lewis Ritchie, Syed Ahmar Shah, Sarah Stock, Fatemeh Torabi, Ruby S M Tsang, Rachael Wood, Mark Woolhouse, Chris Robertson,

Aziz Sheikh

Resumo

The BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer–BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccines have shown high efficacy against disease in phase 3 clinical trials and are now being used in national vaccination programmes in the UK and several other countries. Studying the real-world effects of these vaccines is an urgent requirement. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the mass roll-out of the first doses of these COVID-19 vaccines and hospital admissions for COVID-19.

Referências

VASILEIOU, E. et al. Interim findings from first-dose mass COVID-19 vaccination roll-out and COVID-19 hospital admissions in Scotland: a national prospective cohort study. Lancet, [Netherland.], v. 397, n. 10285, p. 1646–1657, Apr. 23, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00677-2.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2821%2900677-2




3

Título

A COVID-19 e seus impactos no sistema prisional em Sergipe

Autor(es)

Paulo Roberto Felix dos Santos, Izy Rebeka Gomes Lima, Maria Suelen Santos

Resumo

Diante da situação de crise sanitária, ocasionada pela pandemia da Covid-19, nos marcos da crise do capital, torna-se necessário explicitar como esse cenário impacta a dinâmica prisional, com ênfase na realidade sergipana. O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal proporcionar um processo reflexivo-crítico acerca da configuração do sistema prisional em Sergipe em tempos de pandemia, com uma revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, a partir do materialismo histórico dialético, como método de análise. Identificamos como as condições precarizadas do sistema prisional propiciam a expansão da pandemia, expondo seus(uas) internos(as) às mais variadas violações de direitos e situações de matabilidade. Tais impactos revelam-se mais contundentes perante à juventude negra e pobre, que compõe a maior parte da população prisional, processo que escancara as particularidades da dimensão do racismo estrutural, e do projeto de controle sócio-racial. Ademais, demonstramos algumas das medidas utilizadas para mitigar os efeitos da pandemia nesse espaço que, apesar de importantes, revelam-se limitadas, diante de todo o cenário caótico do cárcere sergipano. Como poderemos perceber, tais elementos explicitam os fundamentos das medidas de aprisionamento e das formas de controle capitalista mobilizadas em face do excedente de força de trabalho, e que no contexto de pandemia tem essa condição agravada nas prisões.(SANTOS; LIMA; SANTOS, 2021)

Referências

SANTOS, P. R. F. dos; LIMA, I. R. G.; SANTOS, M. S. A COVID-19 E seus impactos no sistema prisional em Sergipe. Serviço Social em Perspectiva, Brasil, v. 5, n. 1, p. 65–86, 16 jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.46551/rssp.202104.

Fonte

https://www.periodicos.unimontes.br/index.php/sesoperspectiva/article/view/3429

https://www.periodicos.unimontes.br/index.php/sesoperspectiva/article/view/3429



4

Título

Fatores de risco que influenciaram na evolução da epidemia de covid-19 na região de Itaquera / Risk factors that influenced the evolution of covid-19 epidemic in the region of Itaquera

Autor(es)

Sheila Regina Sarra, Roberta Consentino Kronka Mülfarth

Resumo

This article shows the results of an integrative evaluation of the risk factors found in the Itaquera region (São Paulo City) and their repercussions on the COVID-19 epidemics. We wanted to build a holistic vision, identifying a number of risk factors by analyzing data from multiple sources: administrative, epidemiologic, demographic, work, habitational, mobility and healthcare services. The study showed the importance of socio-economic and urban factors in the new coronavirus epidemic. At the end of the study, we noted the possible interventions to prevent future vulnerability to new epidemics.

Referências

SARRA, S. R.; MÜLFARTH, R. C. K. Fatores de risco que influenciaram na evolução da epidemia de covid-19 na região de Itaquera / Risk factors that influenced the evolution of covid-19 epidemic in the region of Itaquera. Brazilian Journal of Development, [Brasil], v. 7, n. 4, p. 35455–35475, 6 abr. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n4-148.

Fonte

https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BRJD/article/view/27774/21976

https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BRJD/article/view/27774/21976



5

Título

Mortalidade por Covid-19 no Brasil: perfil sociodemográfico das primeiras semanas / Mortality due to Covid-19 in Brazil: sociodemographic profile of the first weeks

Autor(es)

Elias Ferreira Porto, Alessandro Leipnitz Domingues, Anselmo Cordeiro de Souza, Monica Karla Vojta Miranda, Morenilza Bezerra da Conceição Froes, Sérgio Rosa Vieira Pasqualinoto

Resumo

Em 26 de fevereiro de 2020, o Ministério da Saúde confirmou o primeiro caso de óbito por Covid-19 no Brasil. Este estudo objetivou-se identificar a mortalidade pela doença no Brasil nas 6 primeiras semanas após a confirmação do primeiro caso de óbito e traçar o perfil desses indivíduos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo retrospectivo, que utilizou dados dos boletins diários do Ministério da Saúde. Foram analisados todos os casos de óbitos ocorrido no Brasil por Covid-19, do dia 17 de março até a data de 26 de abril 2020. Foram incluídos dados de todos os estados da federação e caracterizados por sexo, idade, cor da pele e presença de comorbidade associada. Dentre as mortes, 72% foram de pessoas com mais de 60 anos, embora cerca de 80% dos infectados não pertencessem a essa faixa etária. Ainda, 60% eram do sexo masculino, mesmo com média de apenas 51,4% dos infectados do sexo masculino. A frequência de óbitos foi significantemente maior entre os indivíduos de cor branca em relação aos de cor parda e negra (p<0,0001). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 6,92%, sendo maior entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, os mais idosos – principalmente entre aqueles que tinham morbidades associadas – e os de cor branca da pele.

Referências

PORTO, E. et al. Mortality due to Covid-19 in Brazil: sociodemographic profile of the first weeks. Research Society and Development, [Brazil], v. 10, n. 1, p. e34210111588, Apr. 14, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11588.

Fonte

https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11588

https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11588



6

Título

Covid-19: Aspectos da origem, fisiopatologia, imunologia e tratamento - uma revisão narrativa

Autor(es)

Cayo Cesar da Silva, Camilla Marcelle Ozorio de Carvalho, Denis Costa de Lima, Emmanuela Santos Costa, Victória Maria Beltrão de Andrade, Bruno Mendes Tenorio, Diana Babini Lapa de Albuquerque Britto, Fernanda Chagas Angelo Mendes Tenorio

Resumo

Objetivo: descrever as principais informações descritas na literatura acerca das informações referentes a infecção pelo coronavírus e aspectos sobre o surgimento da doença, fisiopatologia, imunologia e tratamento.  Revisão bibliográfica: A Covid-19, por meio do vírus SARS-CoV-2, apesar de ser de uma família viral conhecida até mesmo de outra pandemia no passado, possui mecanismos que precisam ser estudados para compreender com detalhes informações acerca da sua etiologia, mecanismos de infecção e tratamentos eficazes no combate da infecção. Análises microscópicas de amostras teciduais além do entendimento da imunologia aplicada à defesa viral podem ser a solução para o desenvolvimento de vacinas que consigam realizar uma proteção eficaz contra o vírus e suas mutações já conhecidas. O tratamento e as vacinas, em sua maioria, ainda se encontram em fase final de testes e sua distribuição para a população a partir da aprovação da eficácia, pode levar um bom tempo, e até lá, muitas pessoas poderão perder a vida. Considerações finais: Estudos voltados a fisiopatologia e principalmente, imunologia da SARS-CoV2 podem facilitar o desenvolvimento de terapêuticas mais eficazes e de vacinas contra a infecção do coronavírus, diminuindo o número de mortos e infectados por todo o mundo e ajudando o reestabelecimento da economia pós normalidade.

Referências

SILVA, C. C. da et al. Covid-19: Aspectos da origem, fisiopatologia, imunologia e tratamento - uma revisão narrativa. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, [Brasil], v. 13, n. 3, p. e6542–e6542, 27 mar. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e6542.2021.

Fonte

https://acervomais.com.br/index.php/saude/article/view/6542/4310

https://acervomais.com.br/index.php/saude/article/view/6542/4310



7

Título

Reduced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children presenting to hospital with COVID-19 in China

Autor(es)

Guoqing Qian, Yong Zhang, Yang Xu, Weihua Hu, Ian P. Hall , Jiang Yue , Hongyun Lu , Liemin Ruan, Maoqing Ye, Jin Mei

Resumo

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children is associated with better outcomes than in adults. The inflammatory response to COVID-19 infection in children remains poorly characterised.

Referências

GUOQING Q. et al. Reduced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children presenting to hospital with COVID-19 in China. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands.], p. 100831, Apr. 15, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100831.

Fonte





8

Título

Genomic characteristics and clinical effect of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage in London, UK: a whole-genome sequencing and hospital-based cohort study

Autor(es)

Dan Frampton, Tommy Rampling, Aidan Cross, Heather Bailey, Judith Heaney, Matthew Byott, Rebecca Scott, Rebecca Sconza, Joseph Price, Marios Margaritis, Malin Bergstrom, Moira J Spyer, Patricia B Miralhes, Paul Grant, Stuart Kirk, Chris Valerio, Zaheer Mangera, Thaventhran Prabhahar, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Nish Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer, Gee Yen Shin, Emilie Sanchez, Stavroula M Paraskevopoulou, Deenan Pillay, Rachel A McKendry, Mariyam Mirfenderesky, Catherine F Houlihan, Eleni Nastouli

Resumo

Emergence of variants with specific mutations in key epitopes in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 raises concerns pertinent to mass vaccination campaigns and use of monoclonal antibodies. We aimed to describe the emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC), including virological characteristics and clinical severity in contemporaneous patients with and without the variant.

Referências

FRAMPTON, D. et al. Genomic characteristics and clinical effect of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage in London, UK: a whole-genome sequencing and hospital-based cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309921001705, Apr. 12, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00170-5.

Fonte





9

Título

Elevated COVID19 mortality risk in Detroit area hospitals among patients from census tracts with extreme socioeconomic vulnerability

Autor(es)

Avnish Sandhu, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Jordan Polistico, Harshita Pinnamaneni , Sushmitha Nanja Reddy , Ahmed Oudeif , Jessica Meyers , Nikki Sidhu , Phillip Levy , Lobelia Samavati , M.Safwan Badr , Jack D. Sobel , Robert Sherwin , Teena Chopra

Resumo

The incidence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) is elevated in areas with heightened socioeconomic vulnerability. Early reports from US hospitals also implicated social disadvantage and chronic disease history as COVID19 mortality risk factors. However, the relationship between race and COVID19 mortality remains unclear.

Referências

SANDHU, A. et al. Elevated COVID19 mortality risk in detroit area hospitals among patients from census tracts with extreme socioeconomic vulnerability. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands], v. 34, p. 100814, Apr. 6, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100814.

Fonte





10

Título

Procedimentos adotados pelo estado do Espírito Santo para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 nos presídios capixabas

Autor(es)

Clemildo de Souza Lima

Resumo

Este trabalho tem como objetivo explicitar as providências adotadas pelo Estado do Espírito Santo, a partir do agravamento da pandemia do Covid-19 no território capixaba. No entanto, esta pesquisa teve como foco as ações implementadas no âmbito do sistema prisional. Neste contexto, o governo formulou protocolos de prevenção e tratamento, com finalidade de evitar a propagação do vírus entre a população carcerária, servido-res e demais profissionais que mantêm contato com os reclusos. Para realizar esta pesquisa, adotou-se o método descritivo, que evidenciou os regulamentos elaborados pela Secretaria de Estado e da Justiça e Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Ao final deste estudo, concluiu-se que as ações adotadas pelo governo capixabano decorrer do ano de 2020 alcançaram êxito, posto que, houve baixo número de óbitos entre reclusos e servidores do sistema prisional.

Referências

LIMA, C. de S. Procedimentos adotados pelo estado do espírito Santo para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 nos presídios capixabas. Revista Brasileira de Execução Penal, Brasília, DF, v. 2, n. 1, p. 239–254, jan./jun. 2021.

Fonte

http://rbepdepen.depen.gov.br/index.php/RBEP/article/view/275/169

http://rbepdepen.depen.gov.br/index.php/RBEP/article/view/275/169



11

Título

Favelas e a pandemia de COVID-19, uma tragédia anunciada?

Autor(es)

Elisa de Carvalho

Resumo

Grotão, ocupação, vila, alagado, invasão, comunidade… Falar de favelas é um tema complexo que acende muitas discussões sobre políticas de urbanização, infraestrutura e identidade. Resultado de um crescimento urbano descontrolável, de uma urbanização excludente e de uma industrialização altamente exploradora, sulcadas na paisagem, elas já são parte do cenário urbano em boa parte das metrópoles mundiais. Estudos estimam que, até 2030, uma em cada 4 pessoas morará em assentamentos chamados de informais: áreas construídas com grupos de unidades habitacionais dos quais os ocupantes não têm direito legal ou os ocupam ilegalmente; assentamentos não planejados e áreas onde as habitações não estão em conformidade com os regulamentos atuais de planejamento e construção (habitação não autorizada) (OECD, 2001). A história da moradia no Brasil se confunde com o surgimento das favelas, repleta de estereótipos e historicamente criminalizada. Em 2020, a história se repete ou se inverte, estigmatizado reduto das epidemias e doenças, as comunidades cariocas lutam para que a COVID-19 não “suba o morro”, pois, ironicamente, a pandemia está no asfalto.

Referências

CARVALHO, E. de. Favelas e a pandemia de COVID-19, uma tragédia anunciada? Pensar Acadêmico, Manhuaçu , v. 19, n. 2, p. 407–432, 5 fev. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.21576/pa.2021v19i2.1938.

Fonte

http://www.pensaracademico.unifacig.edu.br/index.php/pensaracademico/article/view/1938/1987

http://www.pensaracademico.unifacig.edu.br/index.php/pensaracademico/article/view/1938/1987



12

Título

Institutionalized elderly: vulnerabilities and strategies to cope with Covid-19 in Brazil

Autor(es)

Pricila Oliveira de Araújo, Maria Yaná Guimarães Silva Freitas, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho, Thaís Moreira Peixoto, Maria Lúcia Silva Servo, Laiane da Silva Santana, Juliana Macêdo dos Santos Silva, Jenny Caroline Vieira Moura

Resumo

This article presents a systematized reflection and discussion around two guiding axes: the first discusses aging and vulnerabilities to biological, physical, cognitive, social and affective losses that require specific attention, as well as vulnerabilities to COVID-19 to which institutionalized elderly people are exposed; the second, we reflect on the adoption of restrictive and protective measures to prevent the spread of the virus, aiming to keep the elder health and mitigate the effects of the pandemic. The conclusion is that the pandemic has increased the many vulnerabilities to which institutionalized older people were already exposed, adding vulnerability to a new disease, such as COVID-19, due to its high lethality and comorbidity, aggravated by precariousness of long-term Brazilian institutions due to the negligence of public authorities, civil society, the management of the institution and the families of the patients. The post-pandemic scenario will require collective efforts to protect and ensure the survival of the elderly living in those residences.

Referências

ARAÚJO, P. O. de et al. Institutionalized elderly: vulnerabilities and strategies to cope with Covid-19 in Brazil. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, [Colombia], v. 39, n. 1, 4 mar. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v39n1e07.

Fonte

https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iee/article/view/345522

https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iee/article/view/345522



13

Título

Estimates of infection and mortality from Covid-19 in care homes for older people in Brazil

Autor(es)

Patrick Alexander Wachholz , Virgilio Garcia Moreira, Déborah Oliveira, Helena Akemi Wada Watanabe , Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas

Resumo

OBJECTIVE: To describe infection and mortality rates associated with COVID-19 in older people living in Brazilian care homes. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using primary and secondary data sources. Nationwide care home administrators were invited to report, via an online questionnaire, the occurrence of infection and mortality associated with COVID-19 from April to August 2020. State Public Prosecutor Offices, State Health Departments, and the Unified Social Security System were also contacted for information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Data were collected from 2154 care homes located in 14 states, covering 59878 older residents. The incidence rate of COVID-19 was 6.57%, and 883 deaths were recorded in the period, with a case-fatality rate of 22.44%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality rates observed in this study were lower than those observed in other (high-income) countries. Data sources related to COVID-19 outbreaks in Brazilian care homes are currently limited to self-report. Structuring and systematizing data recording and reporting in these settings is essential to better understand the spread of the virus and to protect care home residents in Brazil

Referências

WACHHOLZ, P. A. et al. Estimates of infection and mortality from COVID-19 in care homes for older people in Brazil. Geriatr Gerontol Aging, [Brazil], v. 14, n. 4, p. 290–293, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2447-212320202000127.

Fonte

https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/ggaging.com/pdf/v14n4a11.pdf

https://cdn.publisher.gn1.link/ggaging.com/pdf/v14n4a11.pdf



14

Título

Habitat loss and the risk of disease outbreak

(Perda de habit e risco dr surto de doença)

Autor(es)

Edward B.Barbier

Resumo

Evidence suggests that emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, originate from wildlife species, and that land-use change is an important pathway for pathogen transmission to humans. We first focus on zoonotic disease spillover and the rate at which primary human cases appear, demonstrating that a potential outbreak is directly related to the area of wildlife habitat. We then develop a model of the costs and benefits of land conversion that includes the effect of habitat size on the risk of disease outbreak. Our model and numerical simulations show that incorporating this risk requires more wildlife habitat conservation in the long run, and how much more should be conserved will depend on the initial habitat size. If the area is too small, then no conversion should take place. Any policy to control habitat loss, such as a tax imposed on the rents from converted land, should also vary with habitat area.

Referências

BARBIER, E. B. Habitat loss and the risk of disease outbreak. Journal of environmental economics and management, [United States], p. 102451, Apr. 13, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102451.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102451

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069621000346#!

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102451



15

Título

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and subsequent infection risk in healthy young adults: a prospective cohort study

(soropositividade para SARS-CoV-2 e subsequente risco de infecção em adultos jovens saudáveis: um estudo de coorte prospectivo)

Autor(es)

Andrew G Letizia, Yongchao Ge, Sindhu Vangeti, Carl Goforth, Dawn L Weir, Natalia A Kuzmina, Corey A Balinsky, Hua Wei Chen, Dan Ewing, Alessandra Soares-Schanoski, Mary-Catherine George, William D Graham,Franca Jones,Preeti Bharaj,Rhonda A Lizewski,Stephen E Lizewski, Jan Marayag, Nada Marjanovic, Clare M Miller,Sagie Mofsowitz,Venugopalan D Nair, Edgar Nunez,Danielle M Parent, Chad K Porter, Ernesto Santa Ana,Megan Schilling, Daniel Stadlbauer, Victor A Sugiharto,Michael Termini, Peifang Sun,Russell P Tracy, Florian Krammer, Alexander Bukreyev, Irene Ramos, Stuart C Sealfon

Resumo

Whether young adults who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of subsequent infection is uncertain. We investigated the risk of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection among young adults seropositive for a previous infection.

Referências

LETIZIA, A. G. et al. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and subsequent infection risk in healthy young adults: a prospective cohort study.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [ Netherlands.], v. 0, n. 0, Apr. 6, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00158-2.

Fonte





16

Título

Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk.

(Avaliação longitudinal dos sintomas e do risco de infecção pelo SRA-CoV-2 em trabalhadores da saúde em 5 hospitais para compreender as diferenças étnicas no risco de infecção)

Autor(es)

Ana M Valdes, Professor, James C Moon, Professor, Amrita Vijay, Research Fellow, Nish Chaturvedi, Professor, Alan Norrish, Senior Research Fellow, Adeel Ikram, Registrar, Simon Craxford, Research Fellow, Lola M.L. Cusin, PhD Student, Jessica Nightingale, Clinical Research Manager, Amanda Semper, Principal scientist, Timothy Brooks, Clinical Services Director, Aine McKnight, Professor, Hibba Kurdi, Research Fellow, Cristina Menni, Lecturer, Patrick Tighe, Associate Professor, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Professor, Guruprasad Aithal, Professor, Thomas A Treibel, Associate Professor, Benjamin J Ollivere, Professor, Charlotte Manisty, Associate Professor

Resumo

Healthcare workers (HCWs) have increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. We aimed to understand ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among hospital healthcare workers depending on their hospital role, socioeconomic status, Covid-19 symptoms and basic demographics.

Referências

VALDES, A. M. et al. Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands], p. 100835, Apr. 15, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100835.

Fonte

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537021001152




17

Título

Can ketone bodies inactivate coronavirus spike protein? The potential of biocidal agents against SARS‐CoV‐2

(Os corpos cetônicos podem inativar a proteína do pico do coronavírus? O potencial de agentes biocidas contra SARS ‐ CoV ‐ 2)

Autor(es)

Alaa Shaheen

Resumo

Biocidal agents such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are able to inactivate several coronaviruses including SARS‐CoV‐2. In this article, an insight into one mechanism for the inactivation of these viruses by those two agents is presented, based on analysis of previous observations during electron microscopic examination of several members of the orthocoronavirinae subfamily, including the new virus SARS‐CoV‐2. This inactivation is proposed to occur through Schiff base reaction‐induced conformational changes in the spike glycoprotein leading to its disruption or breakage, which can prevent binding of the virus to cellular receptors. Also, a new prophylactic and therapeutic measure against SARS‐CoV‐2 using acetoacetate is proposed, suggesting that it could similarly break the viral spike through Schiff base reaction with lysines of the spike protein. This measure needs to be confirmed experimentally before consideration. In addition, a new line of research is proposed to help find a broad‐spectrum antivirus against several members of this subfamily.

Referências

SHAHEEN, A. Can ketone bodies inactivate coronavirus spike protein? The potential of biocidal agents against SARS-CoV-2. BioEssays, [United States], p. 2000312, Apr. 15, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000312.

Fonte

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202000312

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Shaheen%2C+Alaa

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202000312



18

Título

Recurrent COVID-19 including evidence of reinfection and enhanced severity in thirty Brazilian healthcare workers

(COVID-19 recorrente incluindo provas de reinfecção e maior severidade em trinta profissionais de saúde brasileiros)

Autor(es)

Letícia Adrielle dos Santos, Pedro Germano de Góis Filho, Ana Maria Fantini Silva , João Victor Gomes Santos , Douglas Siqueira Santos , Marília Marques Aquino , Rafaela Mota de Jesus, Maria Luiza Dória Almeida , João Santana da Silva, Daniel M. Altmannd, Rosemary J. Boyton, Cliomar Alves dos Santos , Camilla Natália Oliveira Santos , Juliana Cardoso Alves, Ianaline Lima Santos, Lucas Sousa Magalhães, Emilia M.M.A. Belitardo, Danilo J.P.G. Rocha , João P.P. Almeida, Luis G.C. Pacheco , Eric R.G.R. Aguiar , Gubio Soares Campos, Silvia Inês Sardi , Rejane Hughes Carvalho , Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus , Karla Freire Rezende , Roque Pacheco de Almeida

Resumo

There is growing concern about individuals reported to suffer repeat COVID-19 disease episodes, these in a small number of cases characterised as de novo infections with distinct sequences, indicative of insufficient protective immunity even in the short term. Methods: Observational case series and case-control studies reporting 33 cases of recurrent, symptomatic, qRTPCR positive COVID-19. Recurrent disease was defined as symptomatic recurrence after symptom-free clinical recovery, with release from isolation >14 days from the beginning of symptoms confirmed by qRT-PCR. The case control study-design compared this group of patients with a control group of 62 patients randomly selected from the same COVID-19 database. Results: Of 33 recurrent COVID-19 patients, 26 were female and 30 were HCW. Mean time to recurrence was 50.5 days which was associated with being a HCW (OR 36.4 (p <0.0001)), and blood type A (OR 4.8 (p = 0.002)). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were signifcantly lower in recurrent patients after initial COVID-19 (2.4 ±0.610; p<0.0001) and after recurrence (6.4 ±11.34; p = 0.007). Virus genome sequencing identified reinfection by a different isolate in one patient. Conclusions: This is the first detailed case series showing COVID-19 recurrence with qRT-PCR positivity. For one individual detection of phylogenetically distinct genomic sequences in the first and second episodes confirmed bona fide renfection, but in most cases the data do not formally distinguish between reinfection and re-emergence of a chronic infection reservoir. These episodes were significantly associated with reduced Ab response during initial disease and argue the need for ongoing vigilance without an assumption of protection after a first episode.(ADRIELLE DOS SANTOS et al., 2021)

Referências

ADRIELLE DOS SANTOS, L. et al. Recurrent COVID-19 including evidence of reinfection and enhanced severity in thirty Brazilian healthcare workers. Journal of Infection, [s. l.], v. 82, n. 3, p. 399–406, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.020.

Fonte

https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/46266

https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/46266



19

Título

Estimativas de impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade de idosos institucionalizados no Brasil

Autor(es)

Carla Jorge Machado, Claudia Cristina de Aguiar Pereira, Bernardo de Mattos Viana, Graziella Lage Oliveira, Daniel Carvalho Melo, Jáder Freitas Maciel Garcia de Carvalho, Flávia Lanna de Moraes, Edgar Nunes de Moraes

Resumo

O presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar o impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade de idosos institucionalizados no Brasil. Foram estimados números de óbitos pela doença para o País, Unidades da Federação e Regiões, com base nas estimativas calculadas e efetuadas neste trabalho do percentual de óbitos de idosos que ocorreriam em instituições de longa permanência de acordo com os totais. Essa estimativa foi baseada em informações disponíveis para uma série de países. O percentual ponderado foi de 44,7%. Estimaram-se 107.538 óbitos de idosos nestas instituições no Brasil em 2020, por COVID-19. São previstos maiores números de óbitos na Região Sudeste (48.779 óbitos), seguida da Região Nordeste (28.451 óbitos); São Paulo é a Unidade da Federação que na estimativa será mais afetada (24.500 óbitos). Fica claro o forte impacto da COVID-19 na população idosa residente em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. As estimativas ultrapassam para o país 100 mil idosos, potencialmente os mais frágeis e vulneráveis, e são baseadas em número de óbitos totais conservador, tendo em vista outras estimativas e a situação alarmante de crescimento dos números de óbitos no Brasil.

Referências

MACHADO, C. J. et al. Estimativas de impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade de idosos institucionalizados no Brasil. Ciênc. Saúde Colet. [Rio de Janeiro], n. 9, v. 25, p. 3437–3444, set. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.14552020.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.14552020

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.14552020



20

Título

População negra e Covid-19: reflexões sobre racismo e saúde

Autor(es)

Márcia Pereira Alves dos Santos, Joilda Silva Nery, Emanuelle Freitas Goes, Alexandre Da Silva, Andreia Beatriz Silva dos Santos, Luís Eduardo Batista,Edna Maria de Araújo

Resumo

Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a reflexão no tocante aos impactos da pandemia Covid-19 na população negra, tendo como marco disparador a necessidade premente de analisar as assimetrias que essa emergência sanitária global produz, particularmente em contextos de desigualdade social, como é o caso do Brasil, em que a população em situação de vulnerabilidade social pode ser representada majoritariamente pela população negra, em seus diferentes grupos específicos, tipificados por gênero, por restrições de acesso a educação, proteção social, moradia adequada, serviços de saneamento básico, internet, bem como por ocupação/desocupação, por espaço geográfico, por privação de liberdade, ainda que paradoxalmente, quantitativamente equivalha a maioria da população brasileira, que acumula os piores indicadores.(SANTOS et al., 2020)(SANTOS et al., 2020)

Referências

SANTOS, M. P. A. D. et al. População negra e Covid-19: reflexões sobre racismo e saúde. Estud. Avançados.,São Paulo, v. 34, n. 99, p. 225–244, 10 jul. , maio/ago. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.3499.014.

Fonte

https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-40142020000200225&tlng=pt

https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-40142020000200225&tlng=pt



21

Título

COVID-19: origem, patogênese, transmissão, aspectos clínicos e atuais estratégias terapêuticas

Autor(es)

Lidiane Pereira de Albuquerque, Raniella Borges da Silva, Regina Maria Sousa de Araújo

Resumo

Introdução... o surgimento da doença provocada pelo novo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), na cidade de Wuhan, China, em dezembro de 2019, causou um surto global e é um grande problema de saúde pública. Em 30 de janeiro de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou que este surto constituiu uma Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional. Este presente trabalho traz informações sobre COVID-19, destacando o histórico desta doença, organização genômica do novo coronavírus, patogênese, diagnóstico, manifestações clínicas e transmissão, bem como controle, prevenção e atuais estratégias terapêuticas. Delineamento: refere-se a uma revisão narrativa de literatura, na qual foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct voltadas para a publicação de artigos científicos de âmbitos nacional e internacional. Resultados: COVID-19 trata-se de uma infecção viral altamente transmissível e patogênica e nenhum tratamento antiviral específico ou vacina está atualmente disponível. Diante desses fatos, inúmeros países adotaram uma variedade de medidas extensivas de controle para reduzir a transmissão da doença de pessoa para pessoa. Implicações: há várias pesquisas em andamento no intuito de identificar potenciais tratamentos para esta enfermidade. Atualmente, a intervenção eficaz nas medidas de controle da infecção é a melhor maneira de impedir a disseminação do novo coronavírus.

Referências

ALBUQUERQUE, L. P. de; SILVA, R. B. da; ARAÚJO, R. M. S. de. COVID-19: origem, patogênese, transmissão, aspectos clínicos e atuais estratégias terapêuticas. Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde, [Brasil], v. 6, Ahead of print, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.26694/repis.v6i0.10432.

Fonte

https://revistas.ufpi.br/index.php/nupcis/article/view/10432/pdf

https://revistas.ufpi.br/index.php/nupcis/article/view/10432/pdf



22

Título

Monitoring the proportion of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 using age-stratified hospitalisation and serological data: a modelling study

(Monitorando a proporção da população infectada pelo SARS-CoV-2 usando hospitalização estratificada por idade e dados

sorológicos: um estudo de modelagem)

Autor(es)

Nathanaël Hozé, Juliette Paireau, Nathanaël Lapidus, Cécile Tran Kiem, Henrik Salje, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Xavier de Lamballerie, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Fabrice Carrat, Simon Cauchemez

Resumo

Regional monitoring of the proportion of the population who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 is important to guide local management of the epidemic, but is difficult in the absence of regular nationwide serosurveys. We aimed to estimate in near real time the proportion of adults who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Referências

HOZÉ, N. et al. Monitoring the proportion of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 using age-stratified hospitalisation and serological data: a modelling study. The Lancet. Public health, [United Kingdom ], p. S2468266721000645, Apr. 8, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00064-5.

Fonte


https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(21)00064-5/fulltext

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(21)00064-5/fulltext




23

Título

COVID-19 e a reabertura das escolas: uma revisão sistemática dos riscos de saúde e uma análise dos custos educacionais e econômicos.

Autor(es)

Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Driele Peixoto Bittencourt, Giuliano Generoso, Jandrei Markus, Catherine Moura, João Cossi

Resumo

Sumário executivo

[...] foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre os riscos de transmissão da COVID-19 no ambiente escolar, a potencial ameaça de interação das crianças e de adolescentes até 18 anos com os familiares nos domicílios, o perfil de perigo de complicações entre os alunos e profissionais da educação, além da avaliação do impacto sobre os estudantes no fechamento das escolas e em comparação às diferentes estratégias usadas internacionalmente. Dada a falta de estudos revisados por pares na região da América Latina e do Caribe, a grande maioria dos estudos citados aqui são de outras regiões, o que pode ser considerado uma limitação pois nessas situações os contextos locais são relevantes. [...]

Referências

Bittencourt, M. S. et al. COVID-19 e a reabertura das escolas: uma revisão sistemática dos riscos de saúde e uma análise dos custos educacionais e econômicos. [S.l.]: Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, fev. 2021. 56 p. Divisão para educação: Textos para debate nº IDB-DP-00842. Disponível em: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/portuguese/document/COVID-19-e-a-reabertura-das-escolas-uma-revisao-sistematica-dos-riscos-de-saude-e-uma-analise-dos-custos-educacionais-e-economicos..pdf.

Fonte

https://publications.iadb.org/pt/covid-19-e-reabertura-das-escolas-uma-revisao-sistematica-dos-riscos-de-saude-e-uma-analise-dos





24

Título

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN) (Taxas de infecção por SRA-CoV-2 de anticorpos positivos em comparação com os trabalhadores de cuidados de saúde com anticorpos negativos em Inglaterra: um grande estudo de coorte prospectivo, multicêntrico (SIREN))

Autor(es)

Victoria Jane Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Andre Charlett, Ana Atti, Edward J Monk, Ruth Simmons , Edgar Wellington, Michelle J Cole, Ayoub Saei, Blanche Oguti, Katie Munro, Sarah Wallace, Peter D Kirwan, Madhumita Shrotri, Amoolya Vusirikala, Sakib Rokadiya, Meaghan Kall, Maria Zambon, Mary Ramsay, Tim Brooks, Colin S Brown, Meera A Chand, Susan Hopkins, and the SIREN Study Group

Resumo

Increased understanding of whether individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 are protected from future SARS-CoV-2 infection is an urgent requirement. We aimed to investigate whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection.

Referências

FFPH, V. J. H. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN). Lancet, [Netherlands], p. 11, Apr. 9, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00675-9.

Fonte





25

Título

A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy (Um estudo de coorte transversal e prospectivo sobre o papel das escolas na segunda vaga da SRA-CoV-2 em Itália)

Autor(es)

Sara Gandinia, Maurizio Rainisio, Maria Luisa Iannuzzo, Federica Bellerba, Francesco Cecconi, Luca Scorrano

Resumo

During COVID-19 pandemic, school closure has been mandated in analogy to its effect against influenza, but it is unclear whether schools are early COVID-19 amplifiers.

Referências

GANDINI, S. et al. A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy. The Lancet regional Health – Europe, [United Kingdom ], v. 5, Mar. 26, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100092.

Fonte





26

Título

Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers : A Randomized Controlled Trial

(Eficácia da adição de uma recomendação de máscara a outras medidas de saúde pública para prevenir a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em usuários de máscaras dinamarquesas: um ensaio aleatório controlado)

Autor(es)

Henning Bundgaard, Johan Skov Bundgaard, Daniel Emil Tadeusz Raaschou-Pedersen, Christian von Buchwald, Tobias Todsen, Jakob Boesgaard Norsk, Mia M Pries-Heje , Christoffer Rasmus Vissing , Pernille B Nielsen , Ulrik C Winsløw, Kamille Fogh , Rasmus Hasselbalch, Jonas H Kristensen, Anna Ringgaard, Mikkel Porsborg Andersen, Nicole Bakkegård Goecke , Ramona Trebbien, Kerstin Skovgaard , Thomas Benfield, Henrik Ullum, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Kasper Iversen

Resumo

Observational evidence suggests that mask wearing mitigates transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is uncertain if this observed association arises through protection of uninfected wearers (protective effect), via reduced transmission from infected mask wearers (source control), or both.

Referências

BUNDGAARD, H. et al. Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med., [United States], v. 174, n. 3, p. 335–343, Mar. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-6817.

Fonte

https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/M20-6817

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bundgaard+H&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bundgaard+JS&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Raaschou-Pedersen+DET&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=von+Buchwald+C&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Todsen+T&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Todsen+T&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Norsk+JB&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pries-Heje+MM&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vissing+CR&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nielsen+PB&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Winsl%C3%B8w+UC&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fogh+K&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fogh+K&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hasselbalch+R&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kristensen+JH&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ringgaard+A&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Porsborg+Andersen+M&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Goecke+NB&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Trebbien+R&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Trebbien+R&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Skovgaard+K&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Benfield+T&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ullum+H&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Torp-Pedersen+C&cauthor_id=33205991

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Iversen+K&cauthor_id=33205991

https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/M20-6817



27

Título

Diagnosis of COVID-19 for controlling the pandemic: A review of the state-of-the-art

(Diagnóstico da COVID-19 para controlar a pandemia: uma revisão do estado da arte)

Autor(es)

Nastaran Taleghani , Fariborz Taghipour

Resumo

To date, health organizations and countries around the world are struggling to completely control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Scientists and researchers are developing tests for the rapid detection of individuals who may carry the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while striving to find a suitable vaccine to immunize healthy individuals. As there are clinically reported cases of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, fast and accurate diagnosis plays an important role in the control and further prevention of this disease. Herein, we present recent technologies and techniques that have been implemented for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We summarize the methods created by different research institutes as well as the commercial devices and kits developed by companies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The description of the existing methods is followed by highlighting their advantages and challenges. Finally, we propose some promising techniques that could potentially be applied to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, and tracing the asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 rapidly and accurately in the early stages of infection, based on reviewing the research studies on the detection of similar infectious viruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.

Referências

TALEGHANI, N.; TAGHIPOUR, F. Diagnosis of COVID-19 for controlling the pandemic: A review of the state-of-the-art. Biosens Bioelectron. ,[United Kingdom], v. 174, p. 112830, Feb. 15, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112830.

Fonte

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566320308162?via%3Dihub

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Taleghani+N&cauthor_id=33339696

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Taghipour+F&cauthor_id=33339696




28

Título

Performance of intensive care unit severity scoring systems across different ethnicities in the USA: a retrospective observational study (Desempenho dos sistemas de pontuação de gravidade da unidade de cuidados intensivos em diferentes etnias nos EUA: um estudo observacional retrospectivo)

Autor(es)

Rahuldeb Sarkar, Christopher Martin, Heather Mattie, Judy Wawira Gichoya, David J Stone, Leo Anthony Celi

Resumo

Despite wide use of severity scoring systems for case-mix determination and benchmarking in the intensive care unit (ICU), the possibility of scoring bias across ethnicities has not been examined. Guidelines on the use of illness severity scores to inform triage decisions for allocation of scarce resources, such as mechanical ventilation, during the current COVID-19 pandemic warrant examination for possible bias in these models. We investigated the performance of the severity scoring systems Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IVa (APACHE IVa), Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) across four ethnicities in two large ICU databases to identify possible ethnicity-based bias.

Referências

SARKAR, R. et al. Performance of intensive care unit severity scoring systems across different ethnicities in the USA: a retrospective observational study. The Lancet. Digital Health, [United Kingdom ], v. 3, n. 4, p. e241–e249, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00022-4.

Fonte





29

Título

COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases treated with rituximab: a cohort study (Resultados da COVID-19 em doentes com doenças reumáticas e musculoesqueléticas inflamatórias tratados com rituximab: um estudo de coorte)

Autor(es)

Jérôme Avouac, Elodie Drumez, Eric Hachulla, Raphaèle Seror, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Soumaya El Mahou, Edouard Pertuiset, Thao Pham, Hubert Marotte, Amélie Servettaz, Fanny Domont, Pascal Chazerain, Mathilde Devaux, Pascal Claudepierre, Vincent Langlois, Arsène Mekinian, Alexandre Thibault Jacques Maria, Béatrice Banneville, Bruno Fautrel, Jacques Pouchot, Thierry Thomas, René-Marc Flipo, Christophe Richez, on behalf ofthe FAI2 R/SFR/SNFMI/SOFREMIP/CRI/IMIDIATE consortium and contributors

Resumo

Various observations have suggested that the course of COVID-19 might be less favourable in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases receiving rituximab compared with those not receiving rituximab. We aimed to investigate whether treatment with rituximab is associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.

Referências

AVOUAC, J. et al. COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases treated with rituximab: a cohort study. The Lancet. Rheumatology, [United Kingdom ], p. S266599132100059X, Mar. 25, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00059-X

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2665-9913%2821%2900059-X




30

Título

The first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a cross-sectional study (A primeira e segunda vaga da pandemia da COVID-19 em África: um estudo transversal)

Autor(es)

Stephanie J Salyer, Justin Maeda, Senga Sembuche, Yenew Kebede, Akhona Tshangela, Mohamed Moussif, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Natalie Mayet, Ebba Abate, Ahmed Ogwell Ouma, John Nkengasong

Resumo

Although the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic progressed more slowly in Africa than the rest of the world, by December, 2020, the second wave appeared to be much more aggressive with many more cases. To date, the pandemic situation in all 55 African Union (AU) Member States has not been comprehensively reviewed. We aimed to evaluate reported COVID-19 epidemiology data to better understand the pandemic’s progression in Africa.

Referências

SALYER, S. J. et al. The first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a cross-sectional study. Lancet, [Netherlands], p. S0140673621006322, Mar. 24, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00632-2.

Fonte





31

Título

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents

(Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistémica nas Crianças e Adolescentes dos EUA)

Autor(es)

L.R. Feldstein, E.B. Rose, S.M. Horwitz, J.P. Collins, M.M. Newhams, M.B.F. Son, J.W. Newburger, L.C. Kleinman, S.M. Heidemann, A.A. Martin, A.R. Singh, S. Li, K.M. Tarquinio, P. Jaggi, M.E. Oster, S.P. Zackai, J. Gillen, A.J. Ratner, R.F. Walsh, J.C. Fitzgerald, M.A. Keenaghan, H. Alharash, S. Doymaz, K.N. Clouser, J.S. Giuliano, Jr., A. Gupta, R.M. Parker, A.B. Maddux, V. Havalad, S. Ramsingh, H. Bukulmez, T.T. Bradford, L.S. Smith, M.W. Tenforde, C.L. Carroll, B.J. Riggs, S.J. Gertz, A. Daube, A. Lansell, A. Coronado Munoz, C.V. Hobbs, K.L. Marohn, N.B. Halasa, M.M. Patel, and A.G. Randolph, for the Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators and the CDC COVID-19 Response Team

Resumo

Understanding the epidemiology and clinical course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and its temporal association with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important, given the clinical and public health implications of the syndrome.

Referências

FELDSTEIN, L. R. et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents. N Engl J Med, [United States], v. 383, n. 4, p. 334–346, Jul. 23, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021680.

Fonte

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2021680?articleTools=true




32

Título

Antibody Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers (Estatuto dos Anticorpos e Incidência da Infecção por SRA-CoV-2 nos Trabalhadores de Cuidados de Saúde)

Autor(es)

S.F. Lumley, D. O’Donnell, N.E. Stoesser, P.C. Matthews, A. Howarth, S.B. Hatch, B.D. Marsden, S. Cox, T. James, F. Warren, L.J. Peck, T.G. Ritter, Z. de Toledo, L. Warren, D. Axten, R.J. Cornall, E.Y. Jones, D.I. Stuart, G. Screaton, D. Ebner, S. Hoosdally, M. Chand, D.W. Crook, A.-M. O’Donnell, C.P. Conlon, K.B. Pouwels, A.S. Walker, T.E.A. Peto, S. Hopkins, T.M. Walker, K. Jeffery, and D.W. Eyre, for the Oxford University Hospitals Staff Testing Group.

Resumo

The relationship between the presence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the risk of subsequent reinfection remains unclear.

Referências

LUMLEY, S. F. et al. Antibody Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers. N Engl J Med, [United States], v. 384, n. 6, p. 533–540, Feb. 11, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034545.

Fonte





33

Título

Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England (Estimativa da transmissibilidade e impacto da SRA-CoV-2 linhagem B.1.1.7 em Inglaterra)

Autor(es)

1.

Nicholas G. Davies, Sam Abbott, Rosanna C. Barnard, Christopher I. Jarvis, Adam J. Kucharski, James D. Munday, Carl A. B. Pearson, Timothy W. Russell, Damien C. Tully, Alex D. Washburne, Tom Wenseleers, Amy Gimma , William Waites , Kerry L. M. Wong , Kevin van Zandvoort , Justin D. Silverman, CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Ruth Keogh , Rosalind M. Eggo , Sebastian Funk , Mark Jit , Katherine E. Atkins, W. John Edmunds

Resumo

A novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, VOC 202012/01 (lineage B.1.1.7), emerged in southeast England in November 2020 and is rapidly spreading toward fixation. Using a variety of statistical and dynamic modelling approaches, we estimate that this variant has a 43–90% (range of 95% credible intervals 38–130%) higher reproduction number than preexisting variants. A fitted two-strain dynamic transmission model shows that VOC 202012/01 will lead to large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, including limited closure of educational institutions and a greatly accelerated vaccine roll-out, COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths across England in 2021 will exceed those in 2020. Concerningly, VOC 202012/01 has spread globally and exhibits a similar transmission increase (59–74%) in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.

Referências

DAVIES, N. G. et al. Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England. Science, [New York], p. eabg3055, Mar. 3, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg3055.

Fonte

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2021/03/03/science.abg3055.full.pdf

https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6535/1206

https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6535/1206

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2021/03/03/science.abg3055.full.pdf



34

Título

Boletim Diário: COVID-19 No Sistema Prisional

Autor(es)

Rio Grande do Sul. Secretaria da Administração Penitenciária

Resumo

As informações referentes aos casos de Covid-19 no sistema prisional do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, publicadas diariamente.

Referências

RIO GRANDE DO SUL, Secretaria da Administração Penitenciária. Boletim diário: COVID-19 no sistema prisional. In: Portal do Estado

do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.seapen.rs.gov.br/boletins-diarios

Fonte

https://www.seapen.rs.gov.br/boletins-diarios

https://www.seapen.rs.gov.br/boletins-diarios



35

Título

Impacto e tendência da COVID-19 no sistema penitenciário do Brasil: um estudo ecológico

Autor(es)

Juliane de Almeida Crispim, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Thaís Zamboni Berra, Márcio Souza dos Santos, Felipe Lima dos Santos, Luana Seles Alves, Fernanda Bruzadelli, Paulino da Costa, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio

Resumo

Tendo em vista a rápida disseminação do novo coronavírus no sistema prisional, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos identificar aglomerados espaciais para ocorrência da COVID-19 na população privada de liberdade (PPL) e analisar a tendência temporal dos casos confirmados no sistema penitenciário do Brasil. Estudo ecológico que considerou como unidades de análise as cinco macrorregiões do Brasil, seus 26 estados e o Distrito Federal. A população foi composta por todos os casos de COVID-19 confirmados, no período de 14 de abril a 31 de agosto de 2020. A fonte de dados utilizada foi o Painel de Monitoramento dos casos de COVID-19 nos sistemas prisionais do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional. Realizou-se análise descritiva, estatística de varredura e análise da tendência temporal. Foram notificados 18.767 casos de COVID-19 na PPL, dos quais 4.724 ocorreram no estado de São Paulo. A estatística de varredura possibilitou a identificação de 14 clusters espaciais de risco para COVID-19 na PPL, sendo o aglomerado de maior risco formado pelo Distrito Federal. Embora o país finalize a série com um comportamento decrescente, observa-se que no período de investigação a tendência apresentou um comportamento maioritariamente crescente. Evidencia-se a necessidade de testagem em massa, monitoramento e registro contínuo dos casos de COVID-19 na PPL do país.

Referências

CRISPIM, Juliane de Almeida et al. Impacto e tendência da COVID-19 no sistema penitenciário do Brasil: um estudo ecológico. Ciênc. Saúde Colet., Rio de Janeiro, v. 26, n.1, p. 169-178, jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v26n1/1413-8123-csc-26-01-169.pdf.

Fonte

https://www.scielosp.org/article/csc/2021.v26n1/169-178/pt/

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/csc/v26n1/1413-8123-csc-26-01-169.pdf

https://www.scielosp.org/article/csc/2021.v26n1/169-178/pt/



36

Título

SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak investigation in a German meat processing plant

(Investigação de surtos de SRA-CoV-2 numa fábrica alemã de transformação de carne)

Autor(es)

Thomas Günther, Manja Czech‐Sioli, Daniela Indenbirken, Alexis Robitaille, Peter Tenhaken, Martin Exner, Matthias Ottinger, Nicole Fischer, Adam Grundhoff,

Melanie M Brinkmann

Resumo

We describe a multifactorial investigation of a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in a large meat processing complex in Germany. Infection event timing, spatial, climate and ventilation conditions in the processing plant, sharing of living quarters and transport, and viral genome sequences were analyzed. Our results suggest that a single index case transmitted SARS‐CoV‐2 to co‐workers over distances of more than 8 m, within a confined work area in which air is constantly recirculated and cooled. Viral genome sequencing shows that all cases share a set of mutations representing a novel sub‐branch in the SARS‐CoV‐2 C20 clade. We identified the same set of mutations in samples collected in the time period between this initial infection cluster and a subsequent outbreak within the same factory, with the largest number of confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 cases in a German meat processing facility reported so far. Our results indicate climate conditions, fresh air exchange rates, and airflow as factors that can promote efficient spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 via long distances and provide insights into possible requirements for pandemic mitigation strategies in industrial workplace settings.

Referências

GÜNTER, Thomas et al. SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak investigation in a German meat processing plant. EMBO molecular medicine, [United Kingdom], v. 12, n. 12, p. e13296, Dec. 7, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013296.

Fonte

https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.202013296

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=G%C3%BCnther%2C+Thomas

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Czech-Sioli%2C+Manja

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Indenbirken%2C+Daniela

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Robitaille%2C+Alexis

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Tenhaken%2C+Peter

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Exner%2C+Martin

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Ottinger%2C+Matthias

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Fischer%2C+Nicole

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Grundhoff%2C+Adam

https://www.embopress.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Brinkmann%2C+Melanie+M

https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013296

https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.202013296



37

Título

A Hospital Partnership with a Nursing Home Experiencing a COVID‐19 Outbreak: Description of a Multiphase Emergency Response

in Toronto, Canada

Autor(es)

Nathan M. Stall, Carolyn Farquharson, Chris Fan-Lun, Lesley Wiesenfeld, Carla A. Loftus, Dylan Kain, Jennie Johnstone, Liz

McCreight, Russel D. Goldman, Ramona Mahtani

Resumo

Nursing homes have become “ground zero” for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic in North America, with homes experiencing widespread outbreaks, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality among their residents. This article describes a 371‐bed acute‐care hospital's emergency response to a 126‐bed nursing home experiencing a COVID‐19 outbreak in Toronto, Canada. Like other healthcare system responses to COVID‐19 outbreaks in nursing homes, this hospital–nursing home partnership can be characterized in several phases: (1) engagement, relationship, and trust building; (2) environmental scan, team building, and immediate response; (3) early‐phase response; and (4) stabilization and transition period.

Referências

STALL, Nathan M. A hospital partnership with a nursing home experience a COVID-19 Outbreak: Description of a multiphase

emergency response in Toronto, Canada. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, [United States], v. 68, n. 7, p. 1376-1381,

May 22 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16625.

Fonte

https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.16625

https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16625

https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgs.16625



38

Título

High impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a nursing home in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France, March to April 2020

Autor(es)

A. Bernadou, S. Bouges, M. Catroux, J. C. Rigaux, C. Laland, N. Levêque, U. Noury, S. Larrieu, S. Acef, D. Habold, F. Cazenave-Roblot

& L. Filleul

Resumo

Elderly people in nursing homes are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their age, the presence of comorbidities, and community living. On March 14, 2020, at the beginning of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in France, a cluster was reported in a nursing home in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. We monitored the outbreak as well as the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures implemented.

Referências

BERNADOU, A. et al. High impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a nursing home in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France, March to April

2020. BMC infect. dis., [United Kingdom], v. 21, n. 198. Feb. 22, 2021. Disponível em:

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-05890-6.

Fonte

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-05890-6





39

Título

COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Penitentiary Complex, April–June 2020, Brazil

(COVID-19 Surto num Grande Complexo Penitenciário, Abril-Junho de 2020, Brasil)

Autor(es)

Fernando A. Gouvea-Reis, Patrícia D. Oliveira, Danniely C.S. Silva, Lairton S. Borja, Jadher Percio, Fábio S. Souza, Cássio Peterka, Claudia Feres, Janaína de Oliveira, Giselle Sodré, Wallace dos Santos, and Camile de Moraes

Resumo

An outbreak of coronavirus disease began in a large penitentiary complex in Brazil on April 1, 2020. By June 12, there were 1,057

confirmed cases among inmates and staff. Nine patients were hospitalized, and 3 died. Mean serial interval was ≈2.5 days;

reproduction number range was 1.0–2.3.

Referências

GOUVEA-REIS, F. A. et al. COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Penitentiary Complex, April–June 2020, Brazil. Emerging infectious diseases, [United States], v. 27, n. 3, Mar. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.204079.

Fonte

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/3/20-4079_article

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/3/20-4079_article



40

Título

Isolamento social vertical X Isolamento social horizontal: os dilemas sanitários e sociais no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 / Vertical social isolation

X Horizontal social isolation: health and social dilemas in copping with the COVID-19 pandemic

Autor(es)

Alexandra Zanella Schuchmann, Bruna Luiza Schnorrenberger, Maria Eduarda Chiquetti, Raiane Suzana Gaiki, Bruno Wensing Raimann, Marcos Aurélio Maeyama

Resumo

A descoberta de um novo coronavírus na China no final de 2019, reconhecida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde já no início de 2020, modificou a estrutura econômica e social mundial em dimensões até então jamais vistas na humanidade. Devido a sua acentuada taxa de transmissão e à inexistência de vacinas e tratamentos efetivos, os primeiros países afetados, diante do avanço rápido da epidemia, se viram obrigados a tomar medidas de isolamento social. Tais medidas tiveram amplitudes diferentes, com resultados e consequências bastante distintos, abrindo uma grande discussão entre as possíveis modalidades de isolamento social. A experiência dos países mais afetados mostrou que as medidas de isolamento horizontal representam a forma mais efetiva de evitar o colapso do sistema hospitalar, o que, em última instância, determina uma menor mortalidade em números absolutos. Ainda que as atuais evidências apontem para o isolamento social horizontal, o tensionamento do setor econômico põe em dúvida tal decisão com argumentos de cenários futuros catastróficos sob o ponto de vista econômico e social, o que geraria grande miséria e mortalidade. O fato é que as projeções apontam para uma grande crise econômica independente de adoção de medidas de isolamento, sejam elas amplas, reduzidas ou mesmo a ausência delas. O que diferencia tais medidas é a diminuição da mortalidade pela pandemia, possível por meio do isolamento social horizontal. Desta forma, conclui-se que os governos devem adotar medidas amplas de isolamento social aliadas a medidas de recuperação econômica e proteção social ampla para a população como um todo, no período trans e pós-pandemia, como forma de minimizar os efeitos secundários desta.

Referências

SCHUCHMANN, A. Z. et al. Isolamento social vertical X Isolamento social horizontal: os dilemas sanitários e sociais no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 / Vertical social isolation X Horizontal social isolation: health and social dilemas in copping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Braz. J. Hea. Rev., Curitiba, v. 3, n. 2, p. 3556–3576, mar./abr. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n2-185.

Fonte

https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BJHR/article/view/9128/7738

https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BJHR/article/view/9128/7738



41

Título

A COVID-19 e o capitalismo na carne

Autor(es)

Jean Segata, Luísa Muccillo, Luiza Beck

Resumo

Crescentes taxas de infecção com o novo coronavírus, registradas entre trabalhadores da indústria da carne, seus familiares e comunidade, resultou na suspensão de atividades de diversos estabelecimentos do setor no sul do Brasil. Se frigoríficos e abatedouros não podem ser considerados exatamente seguros, por que os riscos contra a saúde, a moralidade e a civilidade costumam ser representados pela carne não regulamentada de mercados úmidos considerados exóticos? Neste trabalho, queremos mostrar que estas criações intensivas e sua indústria de processamento tece uma miríade de encontros íntimos entre humanos, animais resíduos químicos e orgânicos altamente tóxicos em relações de trabalho precarizado. Convivência, afeto, risco e morte estão o tempo todo implicados. Em nosso argumento, a supervalorização de narrativas exóticas sobre o consumo de animais silvestres oblitera o modo como o capitalismo da carne processada em alta escala molda relações nocivas entre humanos, animais e ambientes.

Referências

SEGATA, J.; MUCCILLO, L.; BECK, L. A COVID-19 E O CAPITALISMO NA CARNE. Tessituras, [Pelotas], v. 8, n. 1, p. 354–373, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.15210/tes.v8i1.19730.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.15210/tes.v8i1.19730

https://doi.org/10.15210/tes.v8i1.19730



42

Título

Espacialização da Covid-19 no Sul do Brasil: a interiorização da doença e o caso da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do MERCOSUL

Autor(es)

Ederson Nascimento, Larissa Hermes Thomas Tombini, Fabiane Ripplinger

Resumo

O presente ensaio apresenta um mapeamento da distribuição espaço-temporal dos casos de Covid-19 nos municípios da região Sul do Brasil, e aborda as condicionantes de difusão da doença em um recorte territorial do interior dessa região, a chamada Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul (MGFM). Observa-se um processo de interiorização da transmissão viral, que na MGFM teve forte correlação com o trabalho em agroindústrias de carne. A disseminação e avanço da Covid-19 na região, atingindo municípios de menor porte, são motivos de preocupação, uma vez que podem comprometer a já frágil estrutura do setor da saúde e agravar as consequências da pandemia local.

Referências

NASCIMENTO, E.; TOMBINI, L. H. T.; RIPPLINGER, F. Espacialização da Covid-19 no Sul do Brasil: a interiorização da doença e o caso da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do MERCOSUL. Finisterra, [ Portugal], v. 55, n. 115, p. 27–35, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis20367.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis20367

https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis20367



43

Título

Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

(Epidemiologia e características clínicas dos surtos de COVID-19 em instalações de cuidados de idosos: Uma revisão sistemática e

uma meta-análise)

Autor(es)

Mohammad Rashidul Hashan, Nicolas Smoll , Catherine King, Hannah Ockenden-Muldoon, Jacina Walker, Andre Wattiaux, Julieanne Graham , Robert Booy, Gulam Khandaker

Resumo

COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities (ACFs) often have devastating consequences. However, epidemiologically these outbreaks are not well defined. We aimed to define such outbreaks in ACFs by systematically reviewing literature published during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Referências

HASHAN, M. R. et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands], p. 100771, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100771.

Fonte





44

Título

Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study (Prevalência, gestão e resultados da SRA-CoV-2 infecções em pessoas idosas e com demência em enfermarias de saúde mental em Londres, Reino Unido: uma retrospectivaestudo observacional)

Autor(es)

Gill Livingston, Hossein Rostamipour, Paul Gallagher, Chris Kalafatis, Abhishek Shastri, Lauren Huzzey, Kathy Liu, Andrew Sommerlad, Louise Marston

Resumo

People living in group situations or with dementia are more vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older people and those with multimorbidity have higher mortality if they become infected than the general population. However, no systematic study exists of COVID-19-related outcomes in older inpatients in psychiatric units, who comprise people from these high-risk groups. We aimed to describe the period prevalence, demographics, symptoms (and asymptomatic cases), management, and survival outcomes of COVID-19 in the older inpatient psychiatric population and people with young-onset dementia in five National Health Service Trusts in London, UK, from March 1 to April 30, 2020.

Referências

LIVINGSTON, G. et al. Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study. The Lancet. Psychiatry, [United Kingdom.], v. 7, n. 12, p. 1054–1063, Oct. 5, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30434-X.

Fonte





45

Título

A pandemia no cárcere: intervenções no superisolamento

Autor(es)

Sérgio Garófalo de Carvalho, Andreia Beatriz Silva dos Santos, Ivete Maria Santos

Resumo

Saúde prisional é, em sua essência, saúde pública. A pandemia de COVID-19 representa uma grande ameaça para o mundo e tem demonstrado que prevenir a escalada da doença em prisões faz parte do combate ao novo coronavírus na sociedade em geral. Sabe-se, até o momento, que a mais efetiva medida de contenção ao avanço da doença é o isolamento social. No entanto, em instituições penais, muitas vezes superlotadas, tal medida torna-se de difícil implementação e, quando acontece, leva a população privada de liberdade a um superisolamento, tendo consequências em sua saúde mental. Além disso, indivíduos presos sofrem com ambientes sem ventilação, falta de materiais de higiene pessoal, condições sanitárias básicas precárias e dificuldade de acesso a serviços de saúde. O presente artigo objetiva ser uma revisão narrativa sobre os efeitos da pandemia em presídios e como governos e sociedade civil têm se organizado a fim de reduzir as consequências sobre esses locais. A publicação foi dividida em três seções: na primeira, há uma revisão da literatura em saúde sobre a temática; na segunda, é tratado o modo como diferentes países estão lidando com a situação carcerária no contexto da pandemia; na terceira e última parte, é abordado o modo como o Sistema Penal brasileiro tem reagido à nova doença.

Referências

CARVALHO, S. G. de; SANTOS, A. B. S. dos; SANTOS, I. M. A pandemia no cárcere: intervenções no superisolamento. Ciênc. Saúde Colet., Rio de Janeiro, , v. 25, n. 9, p. 3493–3502, 28 ago. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.15682020.

Fonte





46

Título

COVID-19 nas prisões: um desafio impossível para a saúde pública?

Autor(es)

Alexandra Sánchez, Luciana Simas, Vilma Diuana, Bernard Larouze

Resumo

Introdução... As 748 mil pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL) no Brasil1, inclusive as 50 mil no Estado de Rio de Janeiro, estão praticamente

ausentes dos debates públicos sobre a COVID-19. Entretanto, pode-se conceber condições mais favoráveis à disseminação do

SARS-CoV-2, vírus de transmissão aérea e por contato interpessoal, do que nessa população confinada em celas superlotadas,

pouco ventiladas e com acesso limitado à água? [...]

Referências

SÁNCHEZ, A. et al. COVID-19 nas prisões: um desafio impossível para a saúde pública? Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 36, n. 5, p. e00083520, 8 maio 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x000835208.

Fonte

https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/41204/2/COVID-19Pris%C3%B5es.pdf

https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2020000500502&tlng=pt#B1

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x000835208

https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/41204/2/COVID-19Pris%C3%B5es.pdf



47

Título

Surveillance-based informative testing for detection and containment of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on a public university campus: an observational and modelling study Testes informativos baseados na vigilância para detecção e contenção de surtos de SRA-CoV-2 num campus universitário público: um estudo de observação e modelização)

Autor(es)

Lior Rennert, Christopher McMahan, Corey A Kalbaugh, Yuan Yang, Brandon Lumsden, Delphine Dean, Lesslie Pekarek, Christopher C Colenda

Resumo

Despite severe outbreaks of COVID-19 among colleges and universities across the USA during the Fall 2020 semester, the majority

of institutions did not routinely test students. While high-frequency repeated testing is considered the most effective strategy for

disease mitigation, most institutions do not have the necessary infrastructure or funding for implementation. Therefore, alternative

strategies for testing the student population are needed. Our study detailed the implementation and results of testing strategies to

mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread on a university campus, and we aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of the different testing

strategies.

Referências

RENNERT, L. et al. Surveillance-based informative testing for detection and containment of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on a public university campus: an observational and modelling study. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, [United Kingdom], p. S2352464221000602, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00060-2.

Fonte





48

Título

Seroprevalence and humoral immune durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Wuhan, China: a longitudinal, population-level, cross-sectional study

Autor(es)

Zhenyu He, Lili Ren, Juntao Yang, Li Guo, Luzhao Feng, Chao Ma, Xia Wang, Zhiwei Leng, Xunliang Tong, Wang Zhou, Geng Wang, Ting Zhang, Yan Guo, Chao Wu, Qing Wang, Manqing Liu, Conghui Wang, Mengmeng Jia, Xuejiao Hu, Ying Wang, Xingxing Zhang, Rong Hu, Jingchuan Zhong, Jin Yang, Juan Dai, Lan Chen, Xiaoqi Zhou, Jianwei Wang, Weizhong Yang, Chen Wang

Resumo

Wuhan was the epicentre of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence and kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at population level in Wuhan to inform the development of vaccination strategies.

Referências

ZHENYU, He et al. Seroprevalence and humoral immune durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Wuhan, China: a longitudinal, population-level, cross-sectional study. The Lancet, [United Kingdom ], v. 397, n. 10279, p. 1075–1084, Mar. 20, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00238-5.

Fonte





49

Título

The potential health and economic value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination alongside physical distancing in the UK: a transmission model-based future scenario analysis and economic evaluation

Autor(es)

Frank G Sandmann, Nicholas G Davies, Anna Vassall, W John Edmunds, Mark Jit, on behalf of the Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group

Resumo

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK first adopted physical distancing measures in March, 2020. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 became available in December, 2020. We explored the health and economic value of introducing SARS-CoV-2 immunisation alongside physical distancing in the UK to gain insights about possible future scenarios in a post-vaccination era.

Referências

SANDMANN, F. G. et al. The potential health and economic value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination alongside physical distancing in the UK: a transmission model-based future scenario analysis and economic evaluation. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, [United Kingdom], p. 13, Mar. 18, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2821%2900079-7.

Fonte





50

Título

Vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study

Autor(es)

Sam Moore, Edward M Hill, Michael J Tildesley, Louise Dyson, Matt J Keeling

Resumo

The dynamics of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 are complicated by age-dependent factors, changing levels of infection, and the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) as the perceived risk declines, necessitating the use of mathematical models. Our aims were to use epidemiological data from the UK together with estimates of vaccine efficacy to predict the possible long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 under the planned vaccine rollout.

Referências

MOORE, S. et al. Vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, [United Kingdom ], Mar. 18, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00143-2.

Fonte





51

Título

Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study

Autor(es)

Christian Holm Hansen, Daniela Michlmayr, Sophie Madeleine Gubbels, Kare Molbak, Steen Ethelberg

Resumo

The degree to which infection with SARS-CoV-2 confers protection towards subsequent reinfection is not well described. In 2020, as part of Denmark’s extensive, free-of-charge PCR-testing strategy, approximately 4 million individuals (69% of the population) underwent 10·6 million tests. Using these national PCR-test data from 2020, we estimated protection towards repeat infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Referências

HANSEN, C. H. et al. Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study. Lancet, [United Kingdom], p. S0140673621005754, Mar. 17, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575-4.

Fonte





52

Título

Mavrilimumab in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation (MASH-COVID): an investigator initiated, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Autor(es)

Paul C Cremer, Antonio Abbate, Kristin Hudock, Carla McWilliams, Jinesh Mehta, Steven Y Chang, Calvin C Sheng, Benjamin Van Tassell, Aldo Bonaventura, Alessandra Vecchié, Brenna Carey, Qiuqing Wang, Katherine E Wolski, Prabalini Rajendram, Abhijit Duggal, Tisha S Wang, John F Paolini, Bruce C Trapnell, on behalf of the MASH-COVID study group.

Resumo

In patients with COVID-19, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) might be a mediator of the hyperactive inflammatory response associated with respiratory failure and death. We aimed to evaluate whether mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody to the GM-CSF receptor, would improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation.(CREMER et al., 2021)

Referências

CREMER, P. C. et al. Mavrilimumab in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation (MASH-COVID): an investigator initiated, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Rheumatology, [United Kingdom], p. S2665991321000709, Mar. 12, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00070-9.

Fonte





53

Título

Predicting endoscopic activity recovery in England after COVID-19: a national analysis

Autor(es)

Kai Man Alexander Ho, Amitava Banerjee, Mark Lawler, Matthew D Rutter, Laurence B Lovat

Resumo

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial reduction in gastrointestinal endoscopies, creating a backlog of procedures. We aimed to quantify this backlog nationally for England and assess how various interventions might mitigate the backlog.

Referências

HO, K. M. A. et al. Predicting endoscopic activity recovery in England after COVID-19: a national analysis. The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, [United Kingdom], Mar. 10, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00058-3.

Fonte





54

Título

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in six districts in Zambia in July, 2020: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey

Autor(es)

Lloyd B Mulenga, Jonas Z Hines, Sombo Fwoloshi, Lameck Chirwa, Mpanji Siwingwa, Samuel Yingst, Adam Wolkon, Danielle T Barradas, Jennifer Favaloro, James E Zulu, Dabwitso Banda, Kotey I Nikoi, Davies Kampamba, Ngawo Banda, Batista Chilopa, Brave Hanunka, Thomas L Stevens Jr, Aaron Shibemba, Consity Mwale, Suilanji Sivile, Khozya D Zyambo, Alex Makupe, Muzala Kapina, Aggrey Mweemba, Nyambe Sinyange, Nathan Kapata, Paul M Zulu, Duncan Chanda, Francis Mupeta, Chitalu Chilufya, Victor Mukonka, Simon Agolory, Kennedy Malama

Resumo

Between March and December, 2020, more than 20 000 laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported in Zambia. However, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is likely to be higher than the confirmed case counts because many infected people have mild or no symptoms, and limitations exist with regard to testing capacity and surveillance systems in Zambia. We aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in six districts of Zambia in July, 2020, using a population-based household survey.

Referências

MULENGA, L. B. et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in six districts in Zambia in July, 2020: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. The Lancet. Global health, [Netherlands], p. S2214109X2100053X, Mar. 9, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00053-X.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2214-109X%2821%2900053-X

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2214-109X%2821%2900053-X



55

Título

Factors linked to severe outcomes in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the USA: a retrospective surveillance study

Autor(es)

Joseph Y Abrams, Matthew E Oster, Shana E Godfred-Cato, Bobbi Bryant, S Deblina Datta, Angela P Campbell, Jessica W Leung, Clarisse A Tsang, Timmy J Pierce, Jordan L Kennedy, Teresa A Hammett, Ermias D Belay

Resumo

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly identified and serious health condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical manifestations vary widely among patients with MIS-C, and the aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with severe outcomes.

Referências

ABRAMS, J. Y. et al. Factors linked to severe outcomes in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the USA: a retrospective surveillance study. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, [United Kingdom], p. S235246422100050X, Mar. 9, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00050-X.

Fonte





56

Título

Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial

Autor(es)

Raches Ella, Siddharth Reddy, Harsh Jogdand, Vamshi Sarangi, Brunda Ganneru, Sai Prasad, Dipankar Das, Dugyala Raju, Usha Praturi, Gajanan Sapkal, Pragya Yadav, Prabhakar Reddy, Savita Verma, Chandramani Singh, Sagar Vivek Redkar, Chandra Sekhar Gillurkar, Jitendra Singh Kushwaha, Satyajit Mohapatra, Amit Bhate, Sanjay Rai, Samiran Panda, Priya Abraham, Nivedita Gupta, Krishna Ella, Balram Bhargava, Krishna Mohan Vadrevu

Resumo

BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (3 µg or 6 µg) formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule (IMDG) adsorbed to alum (Algel). We previously reported findings from a doubleblind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial on the safety and immunogenicity of three different formulations of BBV152 (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) and one Algel-only control (no antigen), with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 14. The 3 µg and 6 µg with Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for this phase 2 study. Herein, we report interim findings of the phase 2 trial on the immunogenicity and safety of BBV152, with the first dose administered on day 0 and the second dose on day 28.

Referências

ELLA, R. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309921000700, Mar. 9, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00070-0.

Fonte





57

Título

Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospective cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK

Autor(es)

Chloe I Bloom, Thomas M Drake, Annemarie B Docherty, Brian J Lipworth, Sebastian L Johnston, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Gail Carson, Jake Dunning, Ewen M Harrison, J Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G Semple, Paul Cullinan†, Peter J M Openshaw, on behalf of the ISARIC investigators

Resumo

Studies of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have found varying mortality outcomes associated with underlying respiratory conditions and inhaled corticosteroid use. Using data from a national, multicentre, prospective cohort, we aimed to characterise people with COVID-19 admitted to hospital with underlying respiratory disease, assess the level of care received, measure in-hospital mortality, and examine the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use.

Referências

BLOOM, C. I. et al. Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with underlying respiratory conditions admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a national, multicentre prospective cohort study using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], Mar. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00013-8.

Fonte





58

Título

Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, phase 3 trial

Autor(es)

François-Xavier Lescure, Hitoshi Honda, Robert A Fowler, Jennifer Sloane Lazar, Genming Shi, Peter Wung, Naimish Patel, Owen Hagino , on behalf of the Sarilumab COVID-19 Global Study Group

Resumo

Elevated proinflammatory cytokines are associated with greater COVID-19 severity. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of sarilumab, an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, in patients with severe (requiring supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula or face mask) or critical (requiring greater supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal support) COVID-19.

Referências

LESCURE, F.-X. et al. Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], Mar. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00099-0.

Fonte





59

Título

Tocilizumab plus standard care versus standard care in patients in India with moderate to severe COVID-19- associated cytokine release syndrome (COVINTOC): an openlabel, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial

Autor(es)

Arvinder S Soin, Kuldeep Kumar, Narendra S Choudhary, Pooja Sharma, Yatin Mehta, Sushila Kataria, Deepak Govil, Vikas Deswal, Dhruva Chaudhry, Pawan Kumar Singh, Ashish Gupta, Vikas Agarwal, Suresh Kumar, Shashikala A Sangle, Rajesh Chawla, Suneetha Narreddy, Rahul Pandit, Vipul Mishra, Manoj Goel, Athimalaipet V Ramanan

Resumo

Global randomised controlled trials of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have shown conflicting results but potential decreases in time to discharge and burden on intensive care. Tocilizumab reduced progression to mechanical ventilation and death in a trial population enriched for racial and ethnic minorities. We aimed to investigate whether tocilizumab treatment could prevent COVID-19 progression in the first multicentre randomised controlled trial of tocilizumab done entirely in a lower-middle-income country.

Referências

SOIN, A. S. et al. Tocilizumab plus standard care versus standard care in patients in India with moderate to severe COVID-19-associated cytokine release syndrome (COVINTOC): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], Mar. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00081-3.

Fonte





60

Título

Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19

Autor(es)

Lianpan Dai, George F. Gao

Resumo

Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to help the return to pre-pandemic normalcy. A great many vaccine candidates are being developed, several of which have completed late-stage clinical trials and are reporting positive results. In this Progress article, we discuss which viral elements are used in COVID-19 vaccine candidates, why they might act as good targets for the immune system and the implications for protective immunity.

Referências

DAI, L.; GAO, G. F. Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19. Nature reviews. Immunology, [United Kingdom.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 73–82, Feb. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dai%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=33340022

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gao%20GF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=33340022

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00480-0



61

Título

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Lima, Peru

Autor(es)

Yolanda Angulo-Bazán, Gilmer Solis-Sánchez, Fany Cardenas, Ana Jorge, Joshi Acosta, César Cabezas

Resumo

The study aimed to describe the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among members of households with a confirmed primary case of COVID-19 in districts with low burden of cases in Lima, Peru, compared to a district with high burden. This was a retrospective study with a secondary database review. Information was collected from an epidemiological surveillance activity in close contacts (household members) in 52 households in Lima, with a single member with COVID-19. Reevaluation was conducted in 10 households. The study evaluated epidemiological and clinical variables and their association with the result of the rapid serological test (presence of IgG, IgM, or both). Secondary cases were found in 40 households, representing mean identification of 49.9% per household. Secondary attack rate in household members was 53% (125 cases), and symptomatic individuals accounted for 77.6% of cases (symptomatic/asymptomatic ratio: 3.5). Presence of fever and/or chills was found in 40% of persons with positive test results, followed by sore throat with 39.2%. Ageusia and anosmia were present in 22.4% and 20.8% of cases, respectively. When there was a primary case of COVID-19 in the household, the secondary attack rate was 53%; however, in an important proportion of households there were no positive cases other than the primary case. The epidemiological and clinical findings were consistent with reports from other international series.

Referências

ANGULO-BAZÁN, Y. et al. Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Lima, Peru. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de janeiro,

v.37, n. 3, p. 14, Mar. 2021.Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00238720.

Fonte

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00238720

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00238720



62

Título

Interferon antagonism by SARS-CoV-2: a functional study using reverse genetics

Autor(es)

Simon Schroeder, Fabian Pott, Daniela Niemeyer, Talitha Veith, Anja Richter, Doreen Muth, Christine Goffinet, Marcel A Müller, Christian Drosten

Resumo

The COVID-19 agent, SARS-CoV-2, is conspecific with SARS-CoV, the causal agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2002–03. Although the viruses share a completely homologous repertoire of proteins and use the same cellular entry receptor, their transmission efficiencies and pathogenetic traits differ. We aimed to compare interferon antagonism by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.

Referências

SCHROEDER, S. et al. Interferon antagonism by SARS-CoV-2: a functional study using reverse genetics. The Lancet microbe, [United Kingdom], Mar. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00027-6.

Fonte





63

Título

Azithromycin for community treatment of suspected COVID-19 in people at increased risk of an adverse clinical course in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial

Autor(es)

PRINCIPLE Trial Collaborative Group

Resumo

Azithromycin, an antibiotic with potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, has been used to treat COVID-19, but evidence from community randomised trials is lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of azithromycin to treat suspected COVID-19 among people in the community who had an increased risk of complications.

Referências

BUTLER, C. C. et al. Azithromycin for community treatment of suspected COVID-19 in people at increased risk of an adverse clinical course in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial. Lancet, [Netherlands], Mar. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00461-X.

Fonte





64

Título

Global effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer care: a cross-sectional study

Autor(es)

Dylan Graetz, Asya Agulnik, Radhikesh Ranadive, Yuvanesh Vedaraju, Yichen Chen, Guillermo Chantada, Monika L Metzger, Sheena Mukkada, Lisa M Force, Paola Friedrich, Catherine Lam, Elizabeth Sniderman, Nickhill Bhakta, Laila Hessissen, Rashmi Dalvi, Meenakshi Devidas, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Daniel C Moreira

Resumo

Although mortality due to COVID-19 has been reportedly low among children with cancer, changes in health-care services due to the pandemic have affected cancer care delivery. This study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood cancer care worldwide.

Referências

GRAETZ, D. et al. Global effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer care: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, [Netherlands ],Mar. 3, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00031-6.

Fonte





65

Título

Estimating risk of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality among adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Mass General Brigham: the VICE and DICE scores

Autor(es)

Christopher J. Nicholson, Luke Wooster, Haakon H. Sigurslid, Rebecca H. Li, Wanlin Jiang, Wenjie Tian, Christian L. Lino Cardenas, Rajeev Malhotra

Resumo

Risk stratification of COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission is key for their successful treatment and efficient utilization of hospital resources. We sought to evaluate the risk factors on admission (including comorbidities, vital signs, and initial laboratory assessment) associated with ventilation need and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19.

Referências

NICHOLSON, C. J. et al. Estimating risk of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality among adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Mass General Brigham: the VICE and DICE scores. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands.], v. 33, p. 100765, Feb. 4, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100765.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/eclinm/PIIS2589-5370(21)00045-6.pdf




66

Título

Infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in London care homes reporting no cases or outbreaks of COVID-19: prospective observational cohort study, England 2020

Autor(es)

Anna Jeffery-Smith, Kate Dun-Campbell , Roshni Janarthanan, Jonathan Fok , Emma Crawley-Boevey, Amoolya Vusirikala , Elena Fernandez Ruiz De Olano, Marina Sanchez Perez, Suzanne Tang , Thomas AJ Rowland , Edward Wynne-Evans, Anita Bell , Bharat Patel, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Felicity Aiano, Karthik Paranthaman, Thomas Ma, Maria Saavedra-Campos, Joanna Ellis, Angie Lackenby, Heather Whitaker, Richard Myers, Katja Hoschler, Kevin Brown, Mary E Ramsay, Nandini Shetty, J. Yimmy Chow, Shamez Ladhani, Maria Zambon

Resumo

Care homes have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the potential role of asymptomatic infection and silent transmission in London care homes that reported no cases of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic.

Referências

JEFFERY-SMITH, A. et al. Infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in London care homes reporting no cases or outbreaks of COVID-19: Prospective observational cohort study, England 2020. The Lancet regional health. Europe, [Netherlands], v. 3, p. 100038, Jan. 18, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100038.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanepe/PIIS2666-7762(21)00015-6.pdf

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanepe/PIIS2666-7762(21)00015-6.pdf



67

Título

Identification and validation of clinical phenotypes with prognostic implications in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study

Autor(es)

Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, María Dolores del Toro, Alberto M Borobia, Antonio Carcas, Inmaculada Jarrín, María Yllescas, Pablo Ryan, Jerónimo Pachón, Jordi Carratalà, Juan Berenguer, Jose Ramón Arribas, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, on behalf of the REIPI-SEIMC COVID-19 group and COVID@HULP groups

Resumo

The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in patients admitted to hospital is heterogeneous. We aimed to determine whether clinical phenotypes of patients with COVID-19 can be derived from clinical data, to assess the reproducibility of these phenotypes and correlation with prognosis, and to derive and validate a simplified probabilistic model for phenotype assignment. Phenotype identification was not primarily intended as a predictive tool for mortality.

Referências

GUTIÉRREZ-GUTIÉRREZ, B. et al. Identification and validation of clinical phenotypes with prognostic implications in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309921000190, Feb. 23, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00019-0.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473-3099(21)00019-0.pdf

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473-3099(21)00019-0.pdf



68

Título

Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Autor(es)

Merryn Voysey, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Shabir A Madhi, Lily Y Weckx, Pedro M Folegatti, Parvinder K Aley, Brian Angus, Vicky L Baillie, Shaun L Barnabas, Qasim E Bhorat, Sagida Bibi, Carmen Briner, Paola Cicconi, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck, Andrea M Collins, Clare L Cutland, Thomas C Darton, Keertan Dheda, Christina Dold, Christopher J A Duncan, Katherine R W Emary, Katie J Ewer, Amy Flaxman, Lee Fairlie, Saul N Faust, Shuo Feng, Daniela M Ferreira, Adam Finn, Eva Galiza, Anna L Goodman, Catherine M Green, Christopher A Green, Melanie Greenland, Catherine Hill, Helen C Hill, Ian Hirsch, Alane Izu, Daniel Jenkin, Carina C D Joe, Simon Kerridge, Anthonet Koen, Gaurav Kwatra, Rajeka Lazarus, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J Lillie, Natalie G Marchevsky, Richard P Marshall, Ana V A Mendes, Eveline P Milan, Angela M Minassian, Alastair McGregor, Yama F Mujadidi, Anusha Nana, Sherman D Padayachee, Daniel J Phillips, Ana Pittella, Emma Plested, Katrina M Pollock, Maheshi N Ramasamy, Adam J Ritchie, Hannah Robinson, Alexandre V Schwarzbold, Andrew Smith, Rinn Song, Matthew D Snape, Eduardo Sprinz, Rebecca K Sutherland, Emma C Thomson, M Estée Török, Mark Toshner, David P J Turner, Johan Vekemans, Tonya L Villafana, Thomas White, Christopher J Williams, Alexander D Douglas, Adrian V S Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C Gilbert, Andrew J Pollard, on behalf of the Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group

Resumo

The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has been approved for emergency use by the UK regulatory authority, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, with a regimen of two standard doses given with an interval of 4–12 weeks. The planned roll-out in the UK will involve vaccinating people in high-risk categories with their first dose immediately, and delivering the second dose 12 weeks later. Here, we provide both a further prespecified pooled analysis of trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and exploratory analyses of the impact on immunogenicity and efficacy of extending the interval between priming and booster doses. In addition, we show the immunogenicity and protection afforded by the first dose, before a booster dose has been offered.

Referências

VOYSEY, M. et al. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. Lancet, [Netherlands], p. S0140673621004323, Feb. 19, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00432-3.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(21)00432-3.pdf

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(21)00432-3.pdf



69

Título

Association between Clinical Frailty Scale score and hospital mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 (COMET): an international, multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study

Autor(es)

Roos S G Sablerolles, Melvin Lafeber, Janneke A L van Kempen, Bob P A van de Loo, Eric Boersma, Wim J R Rietdijk, Harmke A Polinder-Bos, Simon P Mooijaart, Hugo van der Kuy, Jorie Versmissen, Miriam C Faes, on behalf of the COMET research team

Resumo

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the scarcity of resources has necessitated triage of critical care for patients with the disease. In patients aged 65 years and older, triage decisions are regularly based on degree of frailty measured by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). However, the CFS could also be useful in patients younger than 65 years. We aimed to examine the association between CFS score and hospital mortality and between CFS score and admission to intensive care in adult patients of all ages with COVID-19 across Europe.

Referências

SABLEROLLES, R. S. G. et al. Association between Clinical Frailty Scale score and hospital mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 (COMET): an international, multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study. The Lancet. Healthy longevity, [United Kingdom], p. S2666756821000064, Feb. 9, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00006-4.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanhl/PIIS2666-7568(21)00006-4.pdf




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Título

Trabalho, saúde e vulnerabilidade na pandemia de COVID-19

Autor(es)

Kionna Oliveira Bernardes Santos, Rita de Cássia Pereira Fernandes, Milena Maria Cordeiro de Almeida, Samilly Silva Miranda, Yukari Figueroa Mise, Monica Angelim Gomes de Lima

Resumo

Este ensaio discute as repercussões da pandemia COVID-19 na relação trabalho e saúde, sob a perspectiva do risco e vulnerabilidade de trabalhadores. A pandemia tem se configurado como uma crise humanitária, uma vez que tanto a doença quanto as medidas de contenção desta geram efeitos socioeconômicos persistentes. Nesse contexto, a categoria trabalho assume um papel relevante, seja pela viabilidade de manutenção do distanciamento social e das condições de vida permitidas pelo vínculo de trabalho, seja pela impossibilidade de adoção das estratégias de proteção devido à precarização do trabalho. A construção do ensaio iniciou com base numa revisão da literatura na interface COVID-19 e saúde dos trabalhadores, realizada de dezembro de 2019 a abril de 2020, nas bases PubMed, BIREME, Cochrane Library, medRxiv e LitCovid, bem como da literatura cinza. Profissionais de saúde são mais acometidos, mas também com maior acesso ao diagnóstico, persistindo lacunas sobre as demais categorias profissionais, bem como sobre os determinantes sociais que implicam uma maior vulnerabilidade relacionada ao trabalho. A pandemia coincide no Brasil com uma conjuntura na qual trabalhadoras(es) acumulam perdas relevantes de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários, somadas às desigualdades sociais preexistentes, ao exemplo de precariedade de moradia, com maiores exposição e risco. Embora a evolução da pandemia ainda esteja em curso, prevê-se que as desigualdades sociais se intensificarão com a profunda retração da economia, e trabalhadores devem ser alvo prioritário da atenção no controle e disseminação da doença, além de eixo articulador das políticas públicas de proteção social e à saúde.

Referências

SANTOS, K. O. B. et al. Trabalho, saúde e vulnerabilidade na pandemia de COVID-19. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio De janeiro, v. 36, n. 12, p. e00178320, dez. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00178320.

Fonte

http://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/static//arquivo/1678-4464-csp-36-12-e00178320.pdf

http://cadernos.ensp.fiocruz.br/static/arquivo/1678-4464-csp-36-12-e00178320.pdf



71

Título

Excesso de mortes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: subnotificação e desigualdades regionais no Brasil

Autor(es)

Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana, Geraldo Marcelo da Cunha, Lihsieh Marrero, Ronaldo Ismerio Moreira, Iuri da Costa Leite, Bernardo Lessa Horta

Resumo

O Brasil é um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19 e o real número de mortes pela doença torna o cenário ainda mais desafiador. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o excesso de mortes e suas diferenças em adultos com 20 anos e mais em Manaus (Amazonas), Fortaleza (Ceará), Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, de acordo com o local de ocorrência do óbito, características demográficas e trajetória ao longo do tempo. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e na Central de Informações do Registro Civil Nacional. As estimativas de óbitos esperados foram obtidas por meio de modelos aditivos generalizados quasi-Poisson com ajuste de sobredispersão. Entre 23 de fevereiro e 13 de junho de 2020, foram registradas 74.410 mortes naturais nas quatro cidades, com excesso de mortes de 46% (IC95%: 44-47). O maior excesso de mortes ocorreu em Manaus, 112% (IC95%: 103-121), seguido por Fortaleza, 72% (IC95%: 67-78), Rio de Janeiro, 42% (IC95%: 40-45) e São Paulo, 34% (IC95%: 32-36). O excesso de mortes foi maior nos homens e não significativo nas Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 9-12, exceto em São Paulo, 10% (IC95%: 6-14). Em geral, o pico de mortes excedentes ocorreu nas SE 17-20. O excesso de mortes não explicado diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes em domicílios/via pública foi alto, especialmente em Manaus. A elevada porcentagem de mortes excedentes, de mortes não explicadas diretamente pela COVID-19 e de mortes fora do hospital sugerem alta subnotificação de mortes por COVID-19 e reforça a extensa dispersão do SARS-CoV-2, como também a necessidade da revisão de todas as causas de mortes associadas a sintomas respiratórios pelos serviços de vigilância epidemiológica.

Referências

ORELLANA, J. D. Y. et al. Excesso de mortes durante a pandemia de COVID-19: subnotificação e desigualdades regionais no Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio De janeiro, v. 37, n. 1, p. e00259120, jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00259120.

Fonte





72

Título

Análises de classes latentes dos sintomas relacionados à COVID-19 no Brasil: resultados da PNAD-COVID19

Autor(es)

Rafael da Silveira Moreira

Resumo

A ausência de testagens em massa para o diagnóstico da COVID-19 gera a necessidade de conhecer a dimensão da doença por meio da sua sintomatologia clínica. O objetivo foi investigar o perfil de sintomas relacionados à COVID-19 e aspectos relacionados. Foi analisada a amostra de participantes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD-COVID19) realizada em maio de 2020. Foi realizada análise de classes latentes (ACL) com covariáveis sociodemográficas sobre 11 sintomas relatados por 346.181 indivíduos. Foram utilizados testes de Rao-Scott e análise de resíduos padronizados para mensurar a associação com o padrão de utilização dos serviços de saúde. Análise espacial de varredura foi realizada para identificar as áreas de risco para os casos de COVID-19. A ACL mostrou seis classes de sintomatologia, segundo o padrão de respostas dos indivíduos analisados: (1) todos os sintomas; (2) prevalência alta dos sintomas; (3) predominância de febre; (4) predominância de tosse/dor de garganta; (5) leves sintomas com predominância de dor de cabeça e (6) ausência de sintomas. Pessoas do sexo feminino, cor parda, provenientes das regiões Norte e Nordeste e em todas as três faixas etárias mais velhas apresentaram maior associação com a classe com todos os sintomas (classe 1). A maioria da procura por serviços também foi realizada por esse grupo de indivíduos, porém com distintos perfis de uso. A análise espacial mostrou sobreposição dessa classe com áreas de maior risco de casos de COVID-19. Os achados sustentam a importância da investigação dos sintomas, servindo para a identificação epidemiológica de possíveis casos em um cenário com baixa taxa de testagem populacional.

Referências

MOREIRA, R. da S. Análises de classes latentes dos sintomas relacionados à COVID-19 no Brasil: resultados da PNAD-COVID19. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio De janeiro, v. 37, n. 1, p. e00238420, jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00238420.

Fonte





73

Título

Preterm care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative risk analysis of neonatal deaths averted by kangaroo mother care versus mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Autor(es)

Nicole Minckas, Melissa M. Medvedev, Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe, Helen Brotherton, Harish Chellani, Abiy Seifu Estifanos , Chinyere Ezeaka, Abebe G. Gobezayehu, Grace Irimu, Kondwani Kawaza , Vishwajeet Kumar, Augustine Massawe , Sarmila Mazumder, Ivan Mambule , Araya Abrha Medhanyie , Elizabeth M. Molyneux , Sam Newton, Nahya Salim, Henok Tadele , Cally J. Tann, Sachiyo Yoshida , Rajiv Bahl, Suman P.N. Rao , Joy E. Lawn , on behalf of the COVID-19 Small and Sick Newborn Care Collaborative Group

Resumo

COVID-19 is disrupting health services for mothers and newborns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Preterm newborns are particularly vulnerable. We undertook analyses of the benefits of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on survival among neonates weighing �2000 g compared with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquired from infected mothers/caregivers.

Referências

MINCKAS, N. Preterm care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative risk analysis of neonatal deaths averted by kangaroo mother care versus mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. EclinicalMedicine, [Netherlands], p. 8, Feb. 5 , 2021.

Fonte





74

Título

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks in long-term care facilities in England: a national crosssectional survey

Autor(es)

Laura Shallcross, Danielle Burke, Owen Abbott, Alasdair Donaldson, Gemma Hallatt, Andrew Hayward, Susan Hopkins, Maria Krutikov, Katie Sharp, Leone Wardman, Sapphira Thorne

Resumo

Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have occurred in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) worldwide, but the reasons why some facilities are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks are poorly understood. We aimed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks among staff and residents in LTCFs.

Referências

SHALLCROSS, L. Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks in long-term care facilities in England: a national cross-sectional survey. Lancet Healthy Longev, [United Kingdom], p. 14, Feb. 11, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30065-9.

Fonte





75

Título

Indirect acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK: a population-based study

Autor(es)

Kathryn E Mansfield, Rohini Mathur, John Tazare, Alasdair D Henderson, Amy R Mulick, Helena Carreira, Anthony A Matthews, Patrick Bidulka, Alicia Gayle, Harriet Forbes, Sarah Cook, Angel Y S Wong, Helen Strongman, Kevin Wing, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Sharon L Cadogan, Liam Smeeth, Joseph F Hayes, Jennifer K Quint, Martin McKee, Sinéad M Langan

Resumo

There are concerns that the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK might have worsened physical and mental health, and reduced use of health services. However, the scale of the problem is unquantified, impeding development of effective mitigations. We aimed to ascertain what has happened to general practice contacts for acute physical and mental health outcomes during the pandemic.

Referências

MANSFIELD, K. E. et al. Indirect acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK: a population-based study. The Lancet Digital Health, [United Kingdom], Feb. 18, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00017-0.

Fonte





76

Título

Clinical outcomes of different therapeutic options for COVID-19 in two Chinese case cohorts: a propensity-score analysis

Autor(es)

Carlos K.H. Wong, Eric Y.F. Wan, Sihui Luo, Yu Ding, Eric H.Y. Lau , Ping Ling , Xiaowen Hu, Edward C.H. Lau, Jerry Wong, Xueying Zheng, Benjamin J. Cowling, Jianping Weng, Gabriel M. Leung

Resumo

The timing of administration of agents and use of combination treatments in COVID-19 remain unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of therapeutics in cohorts in Hong Kong SAR and Anhui, China.

Referências

WONG, C. K. H. et al. Clinical outcomes of different therapeutic options for COVID-19 in two Chinese case cohorts: A propensity-score analysis. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherlands], p. 100743, Feb. 12, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100743.

Fonte





77

Título

Antibody seroprevalence in the epicenter Wuhan, Hubei, and six selected provinces after containment of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in China

Autor(es)

Zhongjie Li, Xuhua Guan, Naiying Mao, Huiming Luo, Ying Qin , Na He, Zhen Zhu, Jianxing Yu, , Yu Li, Jianhua Liu , Zhijie An , Wenjing Gao, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaodong Sun, Tie Song , Xingfen Yang, Ming Wu, Xianping Wu , Wenqing Yao, Zhibin Peng , Junling Sun , Liping Wang , Qing Guo , Nijuan Xiang , Jun Liu , Bike Zhang , Xuemei Su, Lance Rodewald, Liming Li, Wenbo Xu, Hongbing Shen, Zijian Feng, George F Gao

Resumo

China implemented containment measures to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. After the first epidemic wave, we conducted population-based serological surveys to determine extent of infection, risk factors for infection, and neutralization antibody levels to assess the real infections in the random sampled population.

Referências

LI, Z. et al. Antibody seroprevalence in the epicenter Wuhan, Hubei, and six selected provinces after containment of the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in China. The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, [United Kingdom ], v. 8, p. 100094, Jan. 11, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100094.

Fonte





78

Título

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics

Autor(es)

Michaël Schwarzinger, Verity Watson, Pierre Arwidson, François Alla, Stéphane Luchini

Resumo

Opinion polls on vaccination intentions suggest that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is increasing worldwide; however, the usefulness of opinion polls to prepare mass vaccination campaigns for specific new vaccines and to estimate acceptance in a country’s population is limited. We therefore aimed to assess the effects of vaccine characteristics, information on herd immunity, and general practitioner (GP) recommendation on vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France. Methods In this survey experiment, adults aged 18–64 years residing in France, with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, were randomly selected from an online survey research panel in July, 2020, stratified by gender, age, education, household size, and region and area of residence to be representative of the French population. Participants completed an online questionnaire on their background and vaccination behaviour-related variables (including past vaccine compliance, risk factors for severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 perceptions and experience), and were then randomly assigned according to a full factorial design to one of three groups to receive differing information on herd immunity (>50% of adults aged 18–64 years must be immunised [either by vaccination or infection]; >50% of adults must be immunised [either by vaccination or infection]; or no information on herd immunity) and to one of two groups regarding GP recommendation of vaccination (GP recommends vaccination or expresses no opinion). Participants then completed a series of eight discrete choice tasks designed to assess vaccine acceptance or refusal based on hypothetical vaccine characteristics (efficacy [50%, 80%, 90%, or 100%], risk of serious side-effects [1 in 10000 or 1 in 100000], location of manufacture [EU, USA, or China], and place of administration [GP practice, local pharmacy, or mass vaccination centre]). Responses were analysed with a two-part model to disentangle outright vaccine refusal (irrespective of vaccine characteristics, defined as opting for no vaccination in all eight tasks) from vaccine hesitancy (acceptance depending on vaccine characteristics). Findings Survey responses were collected from 1942 working-age adults, of whom 560 (28·8%) opted for no vaccination in all eight tasks (outright vaccine refusal) and 1382 (71·2%) did not. In our model, outright vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy were both significantly associated with female gender, age (with an inverted U-shaped relationship), lower educational level, poor compliance with recommended vaccinations in the past, and no report of specified chronic conditions (ie, no hypertension [ for vaccine



79

Resumo

hesitancy] or no chronic conditions other than hypertension [ for outright vaccine refusal]). Outright vaccine refusal was also associated with a lower perceived severity of COVID-19, whereas vaccine hesitancy was lower when herd immunity benefits were communicated and in working versus nonworking individuals, and those with experience of COVID-19 (had symptoms or knew someone with COVID-19). For a mass vaccination campaign involving mass vaccination centres and communication of herd immunity benefits, our model predicted outright vaccine refusal in 29·4% (95% CI 28·6–30·2) of the French working-age population. Predicted hesitancy was highest for vaccines manufactured in China with 50% efficacy and a 1 in 10000 risk of serious side-effects (vaccine acceptance 27·4% [26·8–28·0]), and lowest for a vaccine manufactured in the EU with 90% efficacy and a 1 in 100 000 risk of serious side-effects (vaccine acceptance 61·3% [60·5–62·1]). Interpretation COVID-19 vaccine acceptance depends on the characteristics of new vaccines and the national vaccination strategy, among various other factors, in the working-age population in France.

Referências

SCHWARZINGER, M. et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics. The Lancet. Public health, [United Kingdom], Feb. 5, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00012-8.

Fonte





80

Título

Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial

Autor(es)

Jordan J Feld, Christopher Kandel, Mia J Biondi, Robert A Kozak, Muhammad Atif Zahoor,Camille Lemieux, Sergio M Borgia, Andrea K Boggild, Jeff Powis, Janine McCready, Darrell H S Tan, Tiffany Chan, Bryan Coburn, Deepali Kumar, Atul Humar, Adrienne Chan, Braden O’Neil, Seham Noureldin, Joshua Booth, Rachel Hong, David Smookler, Wesam Aleyadeh, Anjali Patel, Bethany Barber, Julia Casey, Ryan Hiebert, Henna Mistry, Ingrid Choong, Colin Hislop, Deanna M Santer, D Lorne Tyrrell, Jeffrey S Glenn, Adam J Gehring, Harry L A Janssen, Bettina E Hansen

Resumo

To date, only monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be effective for outpatients with COVID-19. Interferon lambda-1 is a type III interferon involved in innate antiviral responses with activity against respiratory pathogens. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of peginterferon lambda in the treatment of outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, outpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned to a single subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda 180 µg or placebo within 7 days of symptom onset or first positive swab if asymptomatic. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) using a computergenerated randomisation list created with a randomisation schedule in blocks of four. At the time of administration, study nurses received a sealed opaque envelope with the treatment allocation number. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who were negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on day 7 after the injection, analysed by a χ² test following an intention-to-treat principle. Prespecified analysis of the primary endpoint, adjusted for baseline viral load, using bivariate logistic regression was done. The trial is now complete. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04354259. Findings Between May 18, and Sept 4, 2020, we recruited 30 patients per group. The decline in SARS-CoV-2 RNA was greater in those treated with peginterferon lambda than placebo from day 3 onwards, with a difference of 2·42 log copies per mL at day 7 (p=0·0041). By day 7, 24 (80%) participants in the peginterferon lambda group had an undetectable viral load, compared with 19 (63%) in the placebo group (p=0·15). After controlling for baseline viral load, patients in the peginterferon lambda group were more likely to have undetectable virus by day 7 than were those in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR] 4·12 [95% CI 1·15–16·73; p=0·029). Of those with baseline viral load above 10⁶ copies per mL, 15 (79%) of 19 patients in the peginterferon lambda group had undetectable virus on day 7, compared with six



81

(38%) of 16 in the placebo group (OR 6·25 [95% CI 1·49–31·06]; p=0·012). Peginterferon lambda was well tolerated, and adverse events were similar between groups with mild and transient aminotransferase, concentration increases more frequently observed in the peginterferon lambda group. Two individuals met the threshold of grade 3 increase, one in each group, and no other grade 3 or 4 laboratory adverse events were reported. Interpretation Peginterferon lambda accelerated viral decline in outpatients with COVID-19, increasing the proportion of patients with viral clearance by day 7, particularly in those with high baseline viral load. Peginterferon lambda has potential to prevent clinical deterioration and shorten duration of viral shedding.

Referências

FELD, J. J. et al. Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands.], p. S221326002030566X, Feb. 5, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30566-X.

Fonte





82

Título

Comparative cost-effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in the USA: a modelling study

Autor(es)

Zhanwei Du, Abhishek Pandey, Yuan Bai, Meagan C Fitzpatrick, Matteo Chinazzi, Ana Pastore y Piontti, Michael Lachmann, Alessandro Vespignani, Benjamin J Cowling, Alison P Galvani, Lauren Ancel Meyers

Resumo

To mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worldwide have enacted unprecedented movement restrictions, physical distancing measures, and face mask requirements. Until safe and efficacious vaccines or antiviral drugs become widely available, viral testing remains the primary mitigation measure for rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals. We aimed to assess the economic trade-offs of expanding and accelerating testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across the USA in different transmission scenarios. Methods We used a multiscale model that incorporates SARS-CoV-2 transmission at the population level and daily viral load dynamics at the individual level to assess eight surveillance testing strategies that varied by testing frequency (from daily to monthly testing) and isolation period (1 or 2 weeks), compared with the status-quo strategy of symptom-based testing and isolation. For each testing strategy, we first estimated the costs (incorporating costs of diagnostic testing and admissions to hospital, and salary lost while in isolation) and years of life lost (YLLs) prevented under rapid and low transmission scenarios. We then assessed the testing strategies across a range of scenarios, each defined by effective reproduction number (Re ), willingness to pay per YLL averted, and cost of a test, to estimate the probability that a particular strategy had the greatest net benefit. Additionally, for a range of transmission scenarios (Re from 1·1 to 3), we estimated a threshold test price at which the status-quo strategy outperforms all testing strategies considered. Findings Our modelling showed that daily testing combined with a 2-week isolation period was the most costly strategy considered, reflecting increased costs with greater test frequency and length of isolation period. Assuming a societal willingness to pay of US$100000 per YLL averted and a price of $5 per test, the strategy most likely to be cost-effective under a rapid transmission scenario (Re of 2·2) is weekly testing followed by a 2-week isolation period subsequent to a positive test result. Under low transmission scenarios (Re of 1·2), monthly testing of the population followed by 1-week isolation rather than 2-week isolation is likely to be most cost-effective. Expanded surveillance testing is more likely to be cost-effective than the status-quo testing strategy if the price per test is less than $75 across all transmission rates considered. Interpretation Extensive expansion of SARS-CoV-2 testing programmes with more frequent and rapid tests across communities coupled with isolation of individuals with confirmed infection is essential for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, resources recouped from shortened isolation duration could be cost-effectively allocated to more frequent testing.

Referências

DU, Z. et al. Comparative cost-effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies in the USA: a modelling study. The Lancet. Public health, [United Kingdom], Feb. 4 , 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00002-5.

Fonte





83

Título

Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia

Autor(es)

Denis Y Logunov, Inna V Dolzhikova, Dmitry V Shcheblyakov, Amir I Tukhvatulin, Olga V Zubkova, Alina S Dzharullaeva, Anna V Kovyrshina, Nadezhda L Lubenets, Daria M Grousova, Alina S Erokhova, Andrei G Botikov, Fatima M Izhaeva, Olga Popova, Tatiana A Ozharovskaya, Ilias B Esmagambetov, Irina A Favorskaya, Denis I Zrelkin, Daria V Voronina, Dmitry N Shcherbinin, Alexander S Semikhin, Yana V Simakova, Elizaveta A Tokarskaya, Daria A Egorova, Maksim M Shmarov, Natalia A Nikitenko, Vladimir A Gushchin, Elena A Smolyarchuk, Sergey K Zyryanov, Sergei V Borisevich, Boris S Naroditsky, Alexander L Gintsburg, and the Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine Trial Group

Resumo

A heterologous recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), showed a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants in phase 1/2 clinical trials. Here, we report preliminary results on the efficacy and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac from the interim analysis of this phase 3 trial.

Referências

LOGUNOV, D. Y. et al. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet, [Netherlands], p. S0140673621002348, Feb. 2, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00234-8.

Fonte





84

Título

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study

Autor(es)

Chaolin Huang, Lixue Huang, Yeming Wang, Xia Li, Lili Ren, Xiaoying Gu, Liang Kang, Li Guo, Min Liu, Xing Zhou, Jianfeng Luo, Zhenghui Huang, Shengjin Tu, Yue Zhao, Li Chen, Decui Xu, Yanping Li, Caihong Li, Lu Peng, Yong Li , Wuxiang Xie, Dan Cui, Lianhan Shang, Guohui Fan, Jiuyang Xu, Geng Wang, Ying Wang, Jingchuan Zhong, Chen Wang , Jianwei Wang†, Dingyu Zhang†, Bin Cao

Resumo

The long-term health consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the long-term health consequences of patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from hospital and investigate the associated risk factors, in particular disease severity.

Referências

HUANG, C. et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet, [Netherlands], v. 397, n. 10270, p. 220–232, Jan. 8, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8.

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Título

DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges

Autor(es)

Marcelle Moura Silveira , Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira , Marcelo Mendonça

Resumo

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is associated with several fatal cases worldwide. The rapid spread of this pathogen and the increasing number of cases highlight the urgent development of vaccines. Among the technologies available for vaccine development, DNA vaccination is a promising alternative to conventional vaccines. Since its discovery in the 1990s, it has been of great interest because of its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses while showing relevant advantages regarding producibility, stability, and storage. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and advancements on DNA vaccines against COVID-19, particularly those in clinical trials.

Referências

SILVEIRA, M. M.; MOREIRA, G. M. S. G.; MENDONÇA, M. DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges. Life Sci, [Netherlands.], v. 267, p. 118919, Feb. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118919.

Fonte

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7749647/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Silveira+MM&cauthor_id=33352173

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Moreira+GMSG&cauthor_id=33352173

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mendon%C3%A7a+M&cauthor_id=33352173

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7749647/



86

Título

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

Autor(es)

BUREAU, S. et al. (The CORIMUNO-19 Collaborative group).

Resumo

Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have an excess of inflammation and increased concentrations of cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1). We aimed to determine whether anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, could improve outcomes in patients in hospital with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.

Referências

BUREAU, S. et al. Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], p. S2213260020305567, Jan. 22, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30556-7.

Fonte https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30556-7/abstract

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30556-7/abstract



87

Título

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiotherapy services in England, UK: a population-based study

Autor(es)

Katie Spencer, Christopher M Jones, Rebecca Girdler, Catherine Roe, Michael Sharpe, Sarah Lawton, Louise Miller, Philippa Lewis, Mererid Evans, David Sebag-Montefiore, Tom Roques, Rebecca Smittenaar, Eva Morris.

Resumo

The indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer outcomes is of increasing concern. However, the extent to which key treatment modalities have been affected is unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on radiotherapy activity in England.

Referências

SPENCER, K. et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiotherapy services in England, UK: a population-based study. Lancet. Oncology, [Netherlands], v. 22, n. 1, p. S1470204520307439, Jan. 22, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30743-9.

Fonte





88

Título

Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections of children in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis

Autor(es)

Benn Sartorius, Jorge Cano, Hope Simpson, Lucy S Tusting, Laurie B Marczak, Molly K Miller-Petrie, Boniface Kinvi, Honorat Zoure, Pauline Mwinzi, Simon I Hay, Maria Rebollo, Rachel L Pullan.

Resumo

Driven by global targets to eliminate soil-transmitted helminths as a public health problem, governments have rapidly rolled out control programmes using school and community-based platforms. To justify and target ongoing investment, quantification of impact and identification of remaining high-risk areas are needed. We aimed to assess regional progress towards these targets.

Referências

SARTORIUS, B. et al. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections of children in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a geospatial analysis. The Lancet. Global health, [Netherlands], v. 9, n. 1, p. e52–e60, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30398-3.

Fonte https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/langlo/PIIS2214-109X(20)30398-3.pdf

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/langlo/PIIS2214-109X(20)30398-3.pdf



89

Título

SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options

Autor(es)

C Chakraborty, A R Sharma, G Sharma, M Bhattacharya, S S Lee

Resumo

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of severe respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China and is now spreading rapidly throughout the world. The prompt outbreak of COVID-19 and its quick spread without any controllable measure defines the severity of the situation. In this crisis, a collective pool of knowledge about the advancement of clinical diagnostic and management for COVID-19 is a prerequisite. Here, we summarize all the available updates on the multidisciplinary approaches for the advancement of diagnosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Moreover, the review discusses different aspects of the COVID-19, including its epidemiology; incubation period; the general clinical features of patients; the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of co-morbid diseases and the clinical features of pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Advances in various diagnostic approaches, such as the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging; and other modern diagnostic methods, for this infection have been highlighted. However, due to the unavailability of adequate evidence, presently there are no officially approved drugs or vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we have discussed various therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 under different categories, like the possible treatment plans with drug (antiviral drugs and anti-cytokines) therapy for disease prevention. Lastly, potentials candidates for the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Collectively, the review provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak along with the recent advancements and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19.

Referências

CHAKRABORTY, C. et al. SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., [Italy], v. 24, n. 7, p. 4016–4026, Apr. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202004_20871.

Fonte

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32329877/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chakraborty+C&cauthor_id=32329877

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sharma+AR&cauthor_id=32329877

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sharma+G&cauthor_id=32329877

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bhattacharya+M&cauthor_id=32329877

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lee+SS&cauthor_id=32329877




90

Título

COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE?

Autor(es)

Scott B Halstead, Leah Katzelnick

Resumo

Might COVID-19 vaccines sensitize humans to antibody-dependent enhanced (ADE) breakthrough infections? This is unlikely because coronavirus diseases in humans lack the clinical, epidemiological, biological, or pathological attributes of ADE disease exemplified by dengue viruses (DENV). In contrast to DENV, SARS and MERS CoVs predominantly infect respiratory epithelium, not macrophages. Severe disease centers on older persons with preexisting conditions and not infants or individuals with previous coronavirus infections. Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines resulted in vaccine hypersensitivity reactions (VAH), similar to those in humans given inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines must avoid VAH.

Referências

HALSTEAD, S. B.; KATZELNICK, L. COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE? The journal of infectious diseases (University of Chicago Press), [United Kingdom], v. 222, n. 12, p. 1946–1950, Nov. 13 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa518.

Fonte https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/222/12/1946/5891764

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https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/222/12/1946/5891764



91

Título

Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention

Autor(es)

Yiyin Chen, Sabra L Klein, Brian T Garibaldi, Huifen Li, Cunjin Wu , Nicole M Osevala, Taisheng Li, Joseph B Margolick, Graham Pawelec, Sean X Leng

Resumo

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and is having a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. SARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes a disease that has been termed the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical experience thus far indicates that COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous, ranging from being asymptomatic and mild to severe and causing death. Host factors including age, sex, and comorbid conditions are key determinants of disease severity and progression. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Much remains to be learned about the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We need to begin partitioning all immunological outcome data by age to better understand disease heterogeneity and aging. Such knowledge is critical not only for understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis but also for COVID-19 vaccine development.

Referências

CHEN, Y. et al. Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention. Ageing research reviews, [Netherlands], v. 65, p. 101205, Jan. 1, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205.

Fonte


https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+Y&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klein+SL&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Garibaldi+BT&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+C&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Osevala+NM&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+T&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Margolick+JB&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pawelec+G&cauthor_id=33137510

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Leng+SX&cauthor_id=33137510




92

Título

COVID-19 diagnosis -A review of current methods

Autor(es)

Meral Yüce , Elif Filiztekin, Korin Gasia Özkaya

Resumo

A fast and accurate self-testing tool for COVID-19 diagnosis has become a prerequisite to comprehend the exact number of cases worldwide and to take medical and governmental actions accordingly. SARS-CoV-2 (formerly, 2019-nCoV) infection was first reported in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and then it has rapidly spread around the world, causing ~14 million active cases with ~582,000 deaths as of July 2020. The diagnosis tools available so far have been based on a) viral gene detection, b) human antibody detection, and c) viral antigen detection, among which the viral gene detection by RT-PCR has been found as the most reliable technique. In this report, the current SARS-CoV-2 detection kits, exclusively the ones that were issued an "Emergency Use Authorization" from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, were discussed. The key structural components of the virus were presented to provide the audience with an understanding of the scientific principles behind the testing tools. The methods that are still in the early research state were also reviewed in a subsection based on the reports available so far.

Referências

YÜCE, M.; FILIZTEKIN, E.; ÖZKAYA, K. G. COVID-19 diagnosis —A review of current methods. Biosensors & bioelectronics, [United Kingdom], v. 172, p. 112752, Jan. 15, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112752.

Fonte

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956566320307405?via%3Dihub

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Y%C3%BCce+M&cauthor_id=33126180

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Filiztekin+E&cauthor_id=33126180

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%C3%96zkaya+KG&cauthor_id=33126180

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956566320307405?via%3Dihub



93

Título

Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in recovered COVID-19 patients: a narrative review

Autor(es)

Thi Loi Dao, Van Thuan Hoang, Philippe Gautret

Resumo

Many studies have shown that re-positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in recovered COVID-19 patients are very common. We aim to conduct this review to summarize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these patients and discuss the potential explanations for recurrences, the contagiousness of re-detectable positive SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the management of COVID-19 patients after discharge from hospital. The proportion of re-positive tests in discharged COVID-19 patients varied from 2.4 to 69.2% and persisted from 1 to 38 days after discharge, depending on population size, age of patients, and type of specimens. Currently, several causes of re-positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 in recovered COVID-19 patients are suggested, including false-negative, false-positive RT-PCR tests; reactivation; and re-infection with SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanism leading to these re-positive cases is still unclear. The prevention of re-positive testing in discharged patients is a fundamental measure to control the spread of the pandemic. In order to reduce the percentage of false-negative tests prior to discharge, we recommend performing more than two tests, according to the standard sampling and microbiological assay protocol. In addition, specimens should be collected from multiple body parts if possible, to identify SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA before discharge. Further studies should be conducted to develop novel assays that target a crucial region of the RNA genome in order to improve its sensitivity and specificity.

Referências

DAO, T. L.; HOANG, V. T.; GAUTRET, P. Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in recovered COVID-19 patients: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis., [Germany], v. 40, n. 1, p. 13–25, Jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04088-z.

Fonte

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10096-020-04088-z

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dao+TL&cauthor_id=33113040

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hoang+VT&cauthor_id=33113040

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gautret+P&cauthor_id=33113040

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10096-020-04088-z



94

Título

Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19

Autor(es)

Beatriz Böger, Mariana M Fachi, Raquel O Vilhena , Alexandre F Cobre, Fernanda s tonin, Roberto Pontarolo

Resumo

OBJECTIVE: To collate the evidence on the accuracy parameters of all available diagnostic methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Scopus (April 2020). Studies reporting data on sensitivity or specificity of diagnostic tests for COVID-19 using any human biological sample were included. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were evaluated. Meta-analysis showed that computed tomography has high sensitivity (91.9% [89.8%-93.7%]), but low specificity (25.1% [21.0%-29.5%]). The combination of IgM and IgG antibodies demonstrated promising results for both parameters (84.5% [82.2%-86.6%]; 91.6% [86.0%-95.4%], respectively). For RT-PCR tests, rectal stools/swab, urine, and plasma were less sensitive while sputum (97.2% [90.3%-99.7%]) presented higher sensitivity for detecting the virus. CONCLUSIONS: RT-PCR remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in sputum samples. However, the combination of different diagnostic tests is highly recommended to achieve adequate sensitivity and specificity.

Referências

BÖGER, B. et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19. Am J Infect Control., [United States], v. 49, n. 1, p. 21–29, Jan. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.011

Fonte

https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(20)30693-3/fulltext

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=B%C3%B6ger+B&cauthor_id=32659413

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fachi+MM&cauthor_id=32659413

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vilhena+RO&cauthor_id=32659413

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cobre+AF&cauthor_id=32659413

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tonin+FS&cauthor_id=32659413

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pontarolo+R&cauthor_id=32659413

https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(20)30693-3/fulltext



95

Título

COVID-19 risk, disparities and outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease in the United States

Autor(es)

QuanQiu Wanga , Pamela B Davisb , Rong Xua

Resumo

Scientific evidence is lacking regarding the risk of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) for COVID-19, and how these risks are affected by age, gender and race.

Referências

WANG, Q.; DAVIS, P. B.; XU, R. COVID-19 risk, disparities and outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease in the United States. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherland], p. 100688, Dec. 22, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100688.

Fonte





96

Título

Multiplex assays for the identification of serological signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an antibody-based diagnostic and machine learning study

Autor(es)

Jason Rosado, Stéphane Pelleau, Charlotte Cockram, Sarah Hélène Merkling, Narimane Nekkab, Caroline Demeret, Annalisa Meola, Solen Kerneis, Benjamin Terrier, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Jerome de Seze, Timothée Bruel, François Dejardin, Stéphane Petres, Rhea Longley, Arnaud Fontanet, Marija Backovic, Ivo Mueller, Michael T White

Resumo

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces an antibody response targeting multiple antigens that changes over time. This study aims to take advantage of this complexity to develop more accurate serological diagnostics.

Referências

ROSADO, J. et al. Multiplex assays for the identification of serological signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an antibody-based diagnostic and machine learning study. The Lancet Microbe, [United Kingdom.], p. S266652472030197X, Dec. 21 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30197-X.

Fonte





97

Título

Source of the COVID-19 pandemic: ecology and genetics of coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus: Coronaviridae) SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS-CoV (subgenus Merbecovirus)

Autor(es)

Dmitry K. Lvov, Sergey V. Alkhovsky

Resumo

Since the early 2000s, three novel zooanthroponous coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus) have emerged. The first outbreak of infection (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV virus occurred in the fall of 2002 in China (Guangdong Province). A second outbreak (MERS) associated with the new MERS-CoV virus appeared in Saudi Arabia in autumn 2012. The third epidemic, which turned into a COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in China (Hubei Province) in the autumn 2019. This review focuses on ecological and genetic aspects that lead to the emergence of new human zoanthroponous coronaviruses. The main mechanism of adaptation of zoonotic betacoronaviruses to humans is to changes in the receptor-binding domain of surface protein (S), as a result of which it gains the ability to bind human cellular receptors of epithelial cells in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. This process is caused by the high genetic diversity and variability combined with frequent recombination, during virus circulation in their natural reservoir - bats (Microchiroptera, Chiroptera). Appearance of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS (subgenus Merbecovirus) viruses is a result of evolutionary events occurring in bat populations with further transfer of viruses to the human directly or through the intermediate vertebrate hosts, ecologically connected with bats.

Referências

LVOV, D. K.; ALKHOVSKY, S. V. Source of the COVID-19 pandemic: ecology and genetics of coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus: Coronaviridae) SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS-CoV (subgenus Merbecovirus). Vopr. Virusol., Russian, n. 2, v. 65, p. 62-70, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-2-62-70.

Fonte

https://virusjour.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/280#

https://virusjour.elpub.ru/index.php/jour/search?authors=Dmitry%20AND%20K.%20AND%20Lvov

https://virusjour.elpub.ru/index.php/jour/search?authors=Sergey%20AND%20V.%20AND%20Alkhovsky

https://virusjour.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/280



98

Título

Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study

Autor(es)

Lionel Piroth, Jonathan Cottenet, Anne-Sophie Mariet, Philippe Bonniaud, Mathieu Blot, Pascale Tubert-Bitter, Catherine Quantin

Resumo

To date, influenza epidemics have been considered suitable for use as a model for the COVID-19 epidemic, given that they are respiratory diseases with similar modes of transmission. However, data directly comparing the two diseases are scarce.

Referências

PIROTH, L. et al. Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], p. S2213260020305270, Dec. 17, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30527-0.

Fonte





99

Título

Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autor(es)

Mahmoud B. Malas, Isaac N. Naazie, Nadin Elsayed, Asma Mathlouthi, Rebecca Marmor, Bryan Clary

Resumo

Studies have suggested that there is increased risk of thromboembolism (TE) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, overall arterial and venous TE rates of COVID-19 and effect of TE on COVID-19 mortality is unknown.

Referências

MALAS, M. B. et al. Thromboembolism risk of COVID-19 is high and associated with a higher risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, [Netherland], v. 29–30, p. 100639, Nov. 20, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100639.

Fonte





100

Título

Development and dissemination of infectious disease dynamic transmission models during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can we learn from other pathogens and how can we move forward?

Autor(es)

Alexander D Becker, Kyra H Grantz, Sonia T Hegde, Sophie Bérubé, Derek A T Cummings, Amy Wesolowski

Resumo

The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the unprecedented development and integration of infectious disease dynamic transmission models into policy making and public health practice. Models offer a systematic way to investigate transmission dynamics and produce short-term and long-term predictions that explicitly integrate assumptions about biological, behavioural, and epidemiological processes that affect disease transmission, burden, and surveillance. Models have been valuable tools during the COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious disease outbreaks, able to generate possible trajectories of disease burden, evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies, and estimate key transmission variables. Particularly given the rapid pace of model development, evaluation, and integration with decision making in emergency situations, it is necessary to understand the benefits and pitfalls of transmission models. We review and highlight key aspects of the history of infectious disease dynamic models, the role of rigorous testing and evaluation, the integration with data, and the successful application of models to guide public health. Rather than being an expansive history of infectious disease models, this Review focuses on how the integration of modelling can continue to be advanced through policy and practice in appropriate and conscientious ways to support the current pandemic response.

Referências

BECKER, A. D. et al. Development and dissemination of infectious disease dynamic transmission models during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can we learn from other pathogens and how can we move forward? The Lancet Digital Health, [United Kingdom], p. S2589750020302685, Dec. 7, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30268-5.

Fonte





101

Título

A clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways

Autor(es)

Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Hannah H. Nam, Scott C. Roberts,Lacy M. Simons, Lawrence J. Jennings, Chao Qi2 , Chad J. Achenbach, Alan R. Hauser, Michael G. Ison , Judd F. Hultquist, Egon A. Ozer

Resumo

Background: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been accompanied by the emergence of distinct viral clades, though their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the phylogenetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Chicago, Illinois, and assess their relationship to clinical parameters.

Referências

LORENZO-REDONDO, R. et al. A clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways. EBioMedicine, [Netherlands], v. 62, p. 103112, Nov. 11, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103112.

Fonte





102

Título

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) and Viral Detection in Polluted Surface Water: A Valuable Tool for COVID-19 Surveillance—A Brief Review

Autor(es)

Maria de Lourdes Aguiar-Oliveira, Aline Campos, Aline R. Matos, Caroline Rigotto, Adriana Sotero-Martins, Paulo F. P. Teixeira, Marilda M. Siqueira

Resumo

SARS-COV-2 is the causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Disease clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe multiple organ damage. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as a cellular receptor, which is abundantly expressed in the small intestine, allowing viral replication in the gastrointestinal tract. Viral RNA has been detected in the stool of COVID-19 patients and viable viruses had been isolated in some of these samples. Thus, a putative role of SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission has been argued. SARS-CoV-2 is shed in human excreta and further disposed in the sewerage or in the environment, in poor basic sanitation settings. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a valuable population level approach for monitoring viral pathogens and has been successfully used in di_erent contexts. This review summarizes the current global experience on SARS-CoV-2 WBE in distinct continents and viral detection in polluted surface water. The advantages and concerns of this strategy for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance are discussed. Outcomes suggest that WBE is a valuable early warning alert and a helpful complementary surveillance tool to subside public health response, to tailor containment and mitigation measures and to determine target populations for testing. In poor sanitation settings, contaminated rivers could be alternatively used as a source for environmental surveillance.

Referências

AGUIAR-OLIVEIRA, M. de L. et al. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) and Viral Detection in Polluted Surface Water: A Valuable Tool for COVID-19 Surveillance—A Brief Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, [Basel], v. 17, n. 24, p. 9251, Nov. 10, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249251.

Fonte

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9251

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9251



103

Título

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Autor(es)

Matthieu Schmidt, David Hajage, Guillaume Lebreton, Antoine Monsel, Guillaume Voiriot, David Levy, Elodie Baron, Alexandra Beurton, Juliette Chommeloux, Paris Meng, Paris Meng, Safaa Nemlaghi, Pierre Bay, Pascal Leprince, Alexandre Demoule, Bertrand Guidet, Jean Michel Constantin, Muriel Fartoukh, Martin Dres, Alain Combes

Resumo

Patients with COVID-19 who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have symptoms that rapidly evolve to profound hypoxaemia and death. The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with severe ARDS in the context of COVID-19 is unclear. We aimed to establish the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with respiratory failure and COVID-19 treated with ECMO.

Referências

SCHMIDT, M. et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, [Netherlands], v. 8, n. 11, p. 1121–1131, Nov. 1, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30328-3.

Fonte














104

Título

Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage

Autor(es)

Arush Lal, Ngozi A Erondu, David L Heymann, Githinji Gitahi, Robert Yates

Resumo

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed enormous strain on countries around the world, exposing long-standing gaps in public health and exacerbating chronic inequities. Although research and analyses have attempted to draw important lessons on how to strengthen pandemic preparedness and response, few have examined the effect that fragmented governance for health has had on effectively mitigating the crisis. By assessing the ability of health systems to manage COVID-19 from the perspective of two key approaches to global health policy—global health security and universal health coverage—important lessons can be drawn for how to align varied priorities and objectives in strengthening health systems. This Health Policy paper compares three types of health systems (ie, with stronger investments in global health security, stronger investments in universal health coverage, and integrated investments in global health security and universal health coverage) in their response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and synthesises four essential recommendations (ie, integration, financing, resilience, and equity) to reimagine governance, policies, and investments for better health towards a more sustainable future.

Referências

LAL, A. et al. Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage. The Lancet, [United Kingdom], p. S0140673620322285, Dec. 1, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32228-5.

Fonte





105

Título

Outlier-SMOTE: A refined oversampling technique for improved detection of COVID-19

Autor(es)

Venkata Pavan Kumar Turlapati, Manas Ranjan Prusty

Resumo

Almost every dataset these days continually faces the predicament of class imbalance. It is difficult to train classifiers on these types of data as they become biased towards a set of classes, hence leading to reduction in classifier performance. This setback is often tackled by the use of various over-sampling or under-sampling algorithms. But, the method which stood out of all the numerous algorithms was the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). SMOTE generates synthetic samples of the minority class by oversampling each data-point by considering linear combinations of existing minority class neighbors. Each minority data sample generates an equal number of synthetic data. As the world is suffering from the plight of COVID-19 pandemic, the authors applied the idea to help boost the classifying performance whilst detecting this deadly virus. This paper presents a modified version of SMOTE known as Outlier-SMOTE wherein each data-point is oversampled with respect to its distance from other data-points. The data-point which is farther than the other data-points is given greater importance and is oversampled more than its counterparts. Outlier-SMOTE reduces the chances of overlapping of minority data samples which often occurs in the traditional SMOTE algorithm. This method is tested on five benchmark datasets and is eventually tested on a COVID-19 dataset. F-measure, Recall and Precision are used as principle metrics to evaluate the performance of the classifier as is the case for any class imbalanced data set. The proposed algorithm performs considerably better than the traditional SMOTE algorithm for the considered datasets.

Referências

TURLAPATI, V. P. K.; PRUSTY, M. R. Outlier-SMOTE: a refined oversampling technique for improved detection of COVID-19. Intelligence-Based Medicine, [ Netherlands], v. 1-2, p. 100023, Nov. 16, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmed.2020.100023.

Fonte

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666521220300235




106

Título

Zero-shot learning and its applications from autonomous vehicles to COVID-19 diagnosis: A review

Autor(es)

Mahdi Rezaei, Mahsa Shahidi

Resumo

The challenge of learning a new concept, object, or a new medical disease recognition without receiving any examples beforehand is called Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL). One of the major issues in deep learning based methodologies such as in Medical Imaging and other real-world applications is the requirement of large annotated datasets prepared by clinicians or experts to train the model. ZSL is known for having minimal human intervention by relying only on previously known or trained concepts plus currently existing auxiliary information. This is ever-growing research for the cases where we have very limited or no annotated datasets available and the detection / recognition system has human-like characteristics in learning new concepts. This makes the ZSL applicable in many real-world scenarios, from unknown object detection in autonomous vehicles to medical imaging and unforeseen diseases such as COVID-19 Chest X-Ray (CXR) based diagnosis. In this review paper, we introduce a novel and broaden solution called Few / one-shot learning, and present the definition of the ZSL problem as an extreme case of the few-shot learning. We review over fundamentals and the challenging steps of Zero-Shot Learning, including state-of-the-art categories of solutions, as well as our recommended solution, motivations behind each approach, their advantages over each category to guide both clinicians and AI researchers to proceed with the best techniques and practices based on their applications. Inspired from different settings and extensions, we then review through different datasets inducing medical and non-medical images, the variety of splits, and the evaluation protocols proposed so far. Finally, we discuss the recent applications and future directions of ZSL. We aim to convey a useful intuition through this paper towards the goal of handling complex learning tasks more similar to the way humans learn. We mainly focus on two applications in the current modern yet challenging era: coping with an early and fast diagnosis of COVID-19 cases, and also encouraging the readers to develop other similar AI-based automated detection / recognition systems using ZSL.

Referências

REZAEI, M.; SHAHIDI, M. Zero-shot learning and its applications from autonomous vehicles to COVID-19 diagnosis: a review. Intelligence-Based Medicine, [Netherlands ], v. 3–4, p. 100005, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmed.2020.100005.

Fonte https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666521220300053





107

Título

The granting of emergency use designation to COVID-19 candidate vaccines: implications for COVID-19 vaccine trials

Autor(es)

Jerome Amir Singh, Ross E G Upshur

Resumo

An efficacious COVID-19 vaccine is currently the world's leading research priority. Several nations have indicated that if there is a compelling case for use of a vaccine before it is licensed, they would be prepared to authorise its emergency use or conditional approval on public health grounds. As of Dec 1, 2020, several developers of leading COVID-19 candidate vaccines have indicated that they have applied, or intend to apply, for emergency authorisation for their vaccines. Should candidate vaccines attain emergency use designation and be programmatically deployed before their phase 3 trials conclude, such a strategy could have far reaching consequences for COVID-19 vaccine research and the effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic. These issues merit careful consideration.

Referências

SINGH, J. A.; UPSHUR, R. E. G. The granting of emergency use designation to COVID-19 candidate vaccines: implications for COVID-19 vaccine trials. Lancet Infect Dis, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309920309233, Dec. 8, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30923-3.

Fonte

1. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2820%2930923-3

2.




108

Título

SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in educational settings: a prospective, cross-sectional analysis of infection clusters and outbreaks in England

Autor(es)

Sharif A Ismail, Vanessa Saliba, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Mary E Ramsay, Shamez N Ladhani

Resumo

Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission in educational settings is crucial for ensuring the safety of staff and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and outbreaks among staff and students in educational settings during the summer half-term (June–July, 2020) in England.

Referências

ISMAIL, S. A. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in educational settings: a prospective, cross-sectional analysis of infection clusters and outbreaks in England. Lancet Infect Dis, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309920308823, Dec. 8 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30882-3.

Fonte


4.




109

Título

Towards an accurate and systematic characterisation of persistently asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2

Autor(es)

Eric A Meyerowitz, Aaron Richterman, Isaac I Bogoch, Nicola Low, Muge Cevik

Resumo

People with persistently asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection experience no symptoms throughout the course of infection, and pre-symptomatic individuals become infectious days before they report symptoms. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from individuals without symptoms contributes to pandemic spread, but the extent of transmission from persistently asymptomatic individuals remains unknown. We describe three methodological issues that hinder attempts to estimate this proportion. First, incomplete symptom assessment probably overestimates the asymptomatic fraction. Second, studies with inadequate follow-up misclassify pre-symptomatic individuals. Third, serological studies might identify people with previously unrecognised infection, but reliance on poorly defined antibody responses and retrospective symptom assessment might result in misclassification. We provide recommendations regarding definitions, detection, documentation, and follow-up to improve the identification and evaluation of people with persistently asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their contacts. Accurate characterisation of the persistently asymptomatic fraction of infected individuals might shed light on COVID-19 pathogenesis and transmission dynamics, and inform public health responses.

Referências

MEYEROWITZ, E. A. et al. Towards an accurate and systematic characterisation of persistently asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. Lancet Infect Dis, [United Kingdom], p. S1473309920308379, Dec. 7, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30837-9.

Fonte





110

Título

Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report

Autor(es)

J.H. Beigel, K.M. Tomashek, L.E. Dodd, A.K. Mehta, B.S. Zingman, A.C. Kalil, E. Hohmann, H.Y. Chu, A. Luetkemeyer, S. Kline, D. Lopez de Castilla, R.W. Finberg, K. Dierberg, V. Tapson, L. Hsieh, T.F. Patterson, R. Paredes, D.A. Sweeney, W.R. Short, G. Touloumi, D.C. Lye, N. Ohmagari, M. Oh, G.M. Ruiz-Palacios, T. Benfield, G. Fätkenheuer, M.G. Kortepeter, R.L. Atmar, C.B. Creech, J. Lundgren, A.G. Babiker, S. Pett, J.D. Neaton, T.H. Burgess, T. Bonnett, M. Green, M. Makowski, A. Osinusi, S. Nayak, and H.C. Lane, for the ACTT-1 Study Group Members.

Resumo

Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious.

Referências

BEIGEL, J. H. et al. Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report. N Engl J Med, USA, v. 383, n. 19, p. 1813–1826, Nov. 5 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007764.

Fonte

6. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2007764?articleTools=true

7. 8.




111

Título

Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19

Autor(es)

Sarita Choudhary, Karli Sreenivasulu, Prasenjit Mitra , Sanjeev Misra , Praveen Sharma.

Resumo

Since its first report in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly emerged as a pandemic affecting nearly all countries worldwide. As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the need to identify genetic risk factors for susceptibility to this serious illness has emerged. Host genetic factors, along with other risk factors may help determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. It is hypothesized that the ACE2 gene, encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a genetic risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and is required by the virus to enter cells. Together with ACE2, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) also play an important role in disease severity. Evaluating the role of genetic variants in determining the direction of respiratory infections will help identify potential drug target candidates for further study in COVID-19 patients. We have summarized the latest reports demonstrating that ACE2 variants, their expression, and epigenetic factors may influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome.

Referências

CHOUDHARY, S. et al. Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19. Ann. lab. medicine, [Korea, Republic of], v. 41, n. 2, p. 129–138, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2021.41.2.129.

Fonte

9. https://www.annlabmed.org/journal/view.html?uid=3201&vmd=Full

10.

https://www.annlabmed.org/journal/view.html?uid=3201&vmd=Full



112

Título

Defensin 5 for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and Covid-19 disease

Autor(es)

Yaron Niv

Resumo

Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a pandemia emerged recently, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The receptor for corona virus and influenza A is the mucosal cell membrane protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is abundant on the membrane of alveolar cells and enterocytes. Viral spike protein 1 (S1) is the ligand, with an affinity of 14.7 nM to the receptor. The main port of entry for the virus is the upper respiratory tract, and the diagnosis is usually by PCR of the viral RNA with nasal and pharyngeal swab test. Human defensin 5 (HDEF5) is a protein encoded by the DEFA gene, secreted by Paneth cells in the small intestine and by granules of neutrophils. It has an affinity of 39.3 nM to ACE2, much higher than that of the corona S1. HDEF5 may also attach to glycosylated Corona S1 protein, make its efficiency even better. The issues to be investigated are the affinity of HDEF5 to S1 protein, the ability of recombinant HDEF5 function in attaching both ACE2 and S1, and the feasibility to perform aerosol spray of this protein. In addition, safety and efficiency should be studied in phases I, II and II clinical protocols. Thus, an aerosol spray of HDEF5 given through the nose and throat, once to several times a day, may be a very efficient approach to prevent infection with SARA-CoV-2 as well as influenza A.

Referências

NIV, Y. Defensin 5 for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and Covid-19 disease. Medical Hypotheses, [United Kingdom], v. 143, p. 110244, Oct. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110244

Fonte

11. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720326761

12.





113

Título

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management

Autor(es)

Yan Li, Liming Xia

Resumo

The objective of our study was to determine the misdiagnosis rate of radiologists for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the performance of chest CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The CT features of COVID-19 are reported and compared with the CT features of other viruses to familiarize radiologists with possible CT patterns.

Referências

LI, Y.; XIA, L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. American Journal of Roentgenology, [USA], v. 214, n. 6, p. 1280–1286, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.22954.

Fonte

13. https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/AJR.20.22954

14.

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/AJR.20.22954



114

Título

Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence

Autor(es)

Pengfei Sun, Xiaosheng Lu , Chao Xu , Wenjuan Sun, , Bo Pan

Resumo

Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On 11 February 2020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID-19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Referências

SUN, P. et al. Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. J Med Virol., [USA], v. 92, n. 6, p. 548–551, 2020. Disponível

em: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25722.

Fonte

15. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25722

16.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+P&cauthor_id=32096567

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lu+X&cauthor_id=32096567

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+C&cauthor_id=32096567

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+W&cauthor_id=32096567

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pan+B&cauthor_id=32096567

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25722



115

Título

Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study

Autor(es)

Richard L Tillett, Joel R Sevinsky, Paul D Hartley, Heather Kerwin, Natalie Crawford, Andrew Gorzalski, Chris Laverdure, Subhash C Verma, Cyprian C Rossetto, David Jackson, Megan J Farrell, Stephanie Van Hooser, Mark Pandori

Resumo

The degree of protective immunity conferred by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently unknown. As such, the possibility of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood. We describe an investigation of two instances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same individual.

Referências

TILLETT, R. L. et al. Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study. Lancet Infect Dis., [United Kingdom], p.

S1473309920307647, Oct. 12, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30764-7.

Fonte


18.




116

Título

Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil

Autor(es)

Lívia Pimenta Bonifácio, Ana Paula Sulino Pereira, Daniel Cardoso de Almeida e Araújo,, Viviane da Mata Pasti Balbão,, Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca,, Afonso Dinis Costa Passos, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues

Resumo

With the large number of individuals infected and recovered from Covid-19, there is intense discussion about the quality and duration of the immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the possibility of disease recurrence. Here we report a case with strong clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial evidence of, not only reinfection by SARS-CoV-2, but also clinical recurrence of Covid-19.

Referências

BONIFÁCIO, L. P. et al. Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., Uberaba, v. 53, p. e20200619, Sept. 18, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0619-2020.

Fonte

19. https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsbmt/v53/1678-9849-rsbmt-53-e20200619.pdf

20.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsbmt/v53/1678-9849-rsbmt-53-e20200619.pdf



117

Título

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a live virus vaccine candidate

Autor(ES)

Weina Suna , Sarah R. Leistg , Stephen McCroskerya , Yonghong Liua , Stefan Slamaniga , Justine Olivaa , Fatima Amanata,b , Alexandra Sch€ aferg , Kenneth H. Dinnon IIIg , Adolfo García-Sastrea,c,d,e , Florian Krammera , Ralph S. Baricf,g , Peter Palesea,c.

Resumo

Due to the lack of protective immunity of humans towards the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, this virus has caused a massive pandemic across the world resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Thus, a vaccine is urgently needed to contain the spread of the vírus.

Referências

SUN, W. et al. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a live virus vaccine candidate. EBioMedicine, [Netherlands], v. 62, p. 103132, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.

Fonte


21.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020




118

Título

Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound?

Autor(es)

Marie Gousseff , Pauline Penot , Laure Gallay , Dominique Batisse , Nicolas Benech , Kevin bouiller , Rocco Collarino , Anne Conrad , Dorsaf Slama , Cédric Joseph, Adrien Lemaignen , François-Xavier Lescure , Bruno Levy , Matthieu Mahevas, Bruno Pozzetto , Nicolas Vignier , Benjamin Wyplosz , Dominique Salmon , François Goehringer , Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers

Resumo

For the first 3 months of COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 was expected to be an immunizing non-relapsing disease. We report a national case series of 11 virologically-confirmed COVID-19 patients having experienced a second clinically- and virologically-confirmed acute COVID-19 episode. According to the clinical history, we discuss either re-infection or reactivation hypothesis. Larger studies including further virological, immunological and epidemiologic data are needed to understand the mechanisms of these recurrences.

Referências

GOUSSEFF, M. et al. Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? The Journal of Infection, Amsterdam, v. 81, n. 5, p. 816–846, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.073.

Fonte


https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gousseff+M&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Penot+P&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gallay+L&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Batisse+D&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Benech+N&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bouiller+K&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Collarino+R&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Conrad+A&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Conrad+A&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Slama+D&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Joseph+C&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lemaignen+A&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lescure+FX&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Levy+B&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mahevas+M&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pozzetto+B&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pozzetto+B&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vignier+N&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wyplosz+B&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Salmon+D&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Goehringer+F&cauthor_id=32619697

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Botelho-Nevers+E&cauthor_id=32619697




119

Título

On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity

Autor(es)

Fatma Elrashdy , Abdullah A Aljaddawi , Elrashdy M Redwan , Vladimir N Uversky

Resumo

We propose here that one of the potential mechanisms for the relapse of the COVID-19 infection could be a cellular transport pathway associated with the release of the SARS-CoV-2-loaded exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. It is possible that this "Trojan horse" strategy represents possible explanation for the re-appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7-14 day post discharge, suggesting that viral material was hidden within such exosomes or extracellular vesicles during this "silence" time period and then started to re-spread again.

Referências

ELRASHDY, F. et al. On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, United Kingdom, p. 1–12, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426.

Fonte

https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Elrashdy+F&cauthor_id=32643586

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aljaddawi+AA&cauthor_id=32643586

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Redwan+EM&cauthor_id=32643586

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Uversky+VN&cauthor_id=32643586

https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426



120

Título

COVID-19 Reinfection: myth or truth?

Autor(es) Sayak Roy

Resumo

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed a large problem to this world and has exposed the skeleton of healthcare system all over. There have been reports of patients getting reinfected with COVID-19 as they tested positive for the virus again after discharge. We try to address the issue of this reinfection and want to clarify whether this entity actually exists or is it just a myth.

Referências

ROY, S. COVID-19 Reinfection: myth or truth? SN Compr. Clin. Med, Switzerland, n. 2, p. 710–713, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00335-8.

Fonte


https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Roy+S&cauthor_id=32838134




121

Título

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: what we know

Autor(es) Di Wu, Tiantian Wu, Qun Liu, Zhicong Yang

Resumo

There is a current worldwide outbreak of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019; the pathogen called SARS-CoV-2; previously 2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 6 continents including 66 countries, as of 24:00 on March 2, 2020. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak from spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak site and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments and preventions of this new type of coronavirus.

Referências

WU, D. et al. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: what we know. Int J Infect Dis., Netherlands, v. 94, p. 44–48, May 1, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004.

Fonte


22.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+D&cauthor_id=32171952

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+T&cauthor_id=32171952

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+Q&cauthor_id=32171952

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Z&cauthor_id=32171952

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004




122

Título

Molecular basis of pathogenesis of coronaviruses: a comparative genomics approach to planetary health to prevent zoonotic outbreaks in the 21st century

Autor(es) Purva Asrani, Gulam Mustafa Hasan, Sukhwinder Singh Sohal, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan

Resumo

In the first quarter of the 21st century, we are already facing the third emergence of a coronavirus outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Comparative genomics can inform a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Previous strains of coronavirus, SARS-CoV, and Middle-East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), have been known to cause acute lung injuries in humans. SARS-CoV-2 shares genetic similarity with SARS-CoV with some modification in the S protein leading to their enhanced binding affinity toward the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors of human lung cells. This expert review examines the features of all three coronaviruses through a conceptual lens of comparative genomics. In particular, the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 that enables its survival within the host is highlighted. Susceptibility of humans to coronavirus outbreaks in the 21st century calls for comparisons of the transmission history, hosts, reservoirs, and fatality rates of these viruses so that evidence-based and effective planetary health interventions can be devised to prevent future zoonotic outbreaks. Comparative genomics offers new insights on putative and novel viral targets with an eye to both therapeutic innovation and prevention. We conclude the expert review by (1) articulating the lessons learned so far, whereas the research is still being actively sought after in the field, and (2) the challenges and prospects in deciphering the linkages among multiomics biological variability and COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Referências

ASRANI, P. et al. Molecular Basis of Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses: A Comparative Genomics Approach to Planetary Health to Prevent Zoonotic Outbreaks in the 21st Century. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, India, v. 24, n. 11, p. 634–644, Nov. 4, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2020.0131.

Fonte

23. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2020.0131

24.

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/omi.2020.0131




https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2020.0131



123

Título

Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial

Autor(es) Yanjun Zhang, Gang Zeng, Hongxing Pan, Changgui Li, Yaling Hu, Kai Chu, Weixiao Han, Zhen Chen, Rong Tang, Weidong Yin, Xin Chen, Yuansheng Hu, Xiaoyong Liu, Congbing Jiang, Jingxin Li, Minnan Yang, Yan Song, Xiangxi Wang, Qiang Gao†, Fengcai Zhu

Resumo

Background With the unprecedented morbidity and mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We investigated CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China), an inactivated vaccine candidate against COVID-19, containing inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for its safety, tolerability and immunogenicity.

Referências

ZHANG, Y. et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis., [China?], p. S1473309920308434, Nov. 17 , 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30843-4.

Fonte


25.




124

Título

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study

Autor(es)

Oon Tek Ng, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Vanessa Koh, Junxiong Pang, Kyaw Zaw Linn, Jie Sun, Liang De Wang, Wan Ni Chia, Charles Tiu, Monica Chan, Li Min Ling, Shawn Vasoo, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Po Ying Chia, Tau Hong Lee, Ray Junhao Lin, Sapna P Sadarangani, Mark I-Cheng Chen, Zubaidah Said, Lalitha Kurupatham, Rachael Pung, Lin-Fa Wang, Alex R Cook, Yee-Sin Leo, Vernon JM Lee.

Resumo

The proportion of asymptomatic carriers and transmission risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among household and non-household contacts remains unclear. In Singapore, extensive contact tracing by the Ministry of Health for every diagnosed COVID-19 case, and legally enforced quarantine and intensive health surveillance of close contacts provided a rare opportunity to determine asymptomatic attack rates and SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors among community close contacts of patients with COVID-19.

Referências

NG, O. T. et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis., Singapore , p. S1473309920308331, Nov. 2, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30833-1.

Fonte

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30833-1/fulltext

26.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30833-1/fulltext



125

Título

The correspondence between the structure of the terrestrial mobility network and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil

Autor(es)

Vander Luis de Souza Freitas, Thais Cláudia Roma de Oliveira Konstantyner,Jeferson Feitosa Mendes,Cátia Souza do Nascimento Sepetauskas, Leonardo Bacelar Lima Santos

Resumo

The inter-cities mobility network is of great importance in understanding outbreaks, especially in Brazil, a continental-dimension country. We adopt the data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the terrestrial flow of people between cities from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics database in two scales: cities from Brazil, without the North region, and from the São Paulo State. Grounded on the complex networks approach, and considering that the mobility network serves as a proxy for the SARS-CoV-2 spreading, the nodes and edges represent cities and flows, respectively. Network centrality measures such as strength and degree are ranked and compared to the list of cities, ordered according to the day that they confirmed the first case of COVID-19. The strength measure captures the cities with a higher vulnerability of receiving new cases. Besides, it follows the interiorization process of SARS-CoV-2 in the São Paulo State when the network flows are above specific thresholds. Some countryside cities such as Feira de Santana (Bahia State), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo State), and Caruaru (Pernambuco State) have strength comparable to states’ capitals. Our analysis offers additional tools for understanding and decision support to inter-cities mobility interventions regarding the SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemics.

Referências

FREITAS, V. L. de S. et al. The correspondence between the structure of the terrestrial mobility network and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 36, n. 9, p. e00184820, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00184820.

Fonte

https://scielosp.org/pdf/csp/2020.v36n9/e00184820/en

https://scielosp.org/pdf/csp/2020.v36n9/e00184820/en



126

Título

Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine

Autor(es)

Barton F. Haynes, Lawrence Corey, Prabhavathi Fernandes, Peter B. Gilbert, Peter J. Hotez, Srinivas Rao, Michael R. Santos, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Michael Watson, Ann Arvin.

Resumo

Rapid development of an efficacious vaccine against the viral pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is essential, but rigorous studies are required to determine the safety of candidate vaccines. Here, on behalf of the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Working Group, we evaluate research on the potential risk of immune enhancement of disease by vaccines and viral infections, including coronavirus infections, together with emerging data about COVID-19 disease. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease has been rarely encountered with existing vaccines or viral infections. Although animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may elucidate mechanisms of immune protection, we need observations of enhanced disease in people receiving candidate COVID-19 vaccines to understand the risk of immune enhancement of disease. Neither principles of immunity nor preclinical studies provide a basis for prioritizing among the COVID-19 vaccine candidates with respect to safety at this time. Rigorous clinical trial design and postlicensure surveillance should provide a reliable strategy to identify adverse events, including the potential for enhanced severity of COVID-19 disease, after vaccination.

Referências

HAYNES, B. F. et al. Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine. Sci. Transl. Med., Washington, DC, v. 12, n. 568, p. eabe0948, Nov. 4, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abe0948.

Fonte

https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/568/eabe0948/tab-pdf

https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/568/eabe0948/tab-pdf



127

Título

Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Autor(es) Yu Zuo , Shanea K. Estes , Ramadan A. Ali , Alex A. Gandhi, Srilakshmi Yalavarthi, Hui Shi, Gautam Sule , Kelsey Gockman , Jacqueline A. Madison , Melanie Zuo, Vinita Yadav, Jintao Wang , Wrenn Woodard , Sean P. Lezak, Njira L. Lugogo, Stephanie A. Smith , James H. Morrissey, Yogendra Kanthi, Jason S. Knight.

Resumo

Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions. Lung histopathology often reveals fibrin-based blockages in the small blood vessels of patients who succumb to the disease. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired and potentially life-threatening thrombophilia in which patients develop pathogenic autoantibodies targeting phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins (aPL antibodies). Case series have recently detected aPL antibodies in patients with COVID-19. Here, we measured eight types of aPL antibodies in serum samples from 172 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. These

aPL antibodies included anticardiolipin IgG, IgM, and IgA; anti–2 glycoprotein I IgG, IgM, and IgA; and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) IgG and IgM. We detected aPS/PT IgG in 24% of serum samples, anticardiolipin IgM in 23% of samples, and aPS/PT IgM in 18% of samples. Antiphospholipid autoantibodies were present in 52% of serum samples using the manufacturer’s threshold and in 30% using a more stringent cutoff (≥40 ELISA-specific units). Higher titers of aPL antibodies were associated with neutrophil hyperactivity, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), higher platelet counts, more severe respiratory disease, and lower clinical estimated glomerular filtration rate. Similar to IgG from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, IgG fractions isolated from patients with COVID-19 promoted NET release from neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals. Furthermore, injection of IgG purified from COVID-19 patient serum into mice accelerated venous thrombosis in two mouse models. These findings suggest that half of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 become at least transiently positive for aPL antibodies and that these autoantibodies are potentially pathogenic.

Referências

ZUO, Y. et al. Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci. Transl. Med., Washington, DC, v. 12, n. 570, p. eabd3876, Nov. 18, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876. Acesso em: nov. 26, 2020.

Fonte

https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/570/eabd3876/tab-pdf

https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/570/eabd3876/tab-pdf



128

Título

Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2

Autor(es) Kaiyuan Sun, Wei Wang, Lidong Gao, Yan Wang, Kaiwei Luo, Lingshuang Ren, Zhifei Zhan, Xinghui Chen, Shanlu Zhao, Yiwei Huang, Qianlai Sun, Ziyan Liu, Maria Litvinova, Alessandro Vespignani, Marco Ajelli, Cécile Viboud, Hongjie Yu

Resumo

A long-standing question in infectious disease dynamics concerns the role of transmission heterogeneities, driven by demography, behavior and interventions. Based on detailed patient and contact tracing data in Hunan, China we find 80% of secondary infections traced back to 15% of SARS-CoV-2 primary infections, indicating substantial transmission heterogeneities. Transmission risk scales positively with the duration of exposure and the closeness of social interactions and is modulated by demographic and clinical factors. The lockdown period increases transmission risk in the family and households, while isolation and quarantine reduce risks across all types of contacts. The reconstructed infectiousness profile of a typical SARS-CoV-2 patient peaks just before symptom presentation. Modeling indicates SARS-CoV-2 control requires the synergistic efforts of case isolation, contact quarantine, and population-level interventions, owing to the specific transmission kinetics of this virus.

Referências

27. SUN, K. et al. Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2. Sciense, Washington, DC, v. 370, n. 6520, p. eabe2424, Nov. 27, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.09.20171132.

Fonte

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/11/23/science.abe2424

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/11/23/science.abe2424

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