List of World Heritage Sites in India

3/9/2015 List of World Heritage Sites in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India 1/14

List of World Heritage Sites in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are 32 World Heritage Sites in India that are recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as of 2014.[1]

These are places of importance of cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[2] The Conventionconcerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted on 17 November 1997 following the General Conference of the UNESCO heldfrom 17 October 1972 to 21 November 1972. Indias first two sites inscribed on the list at the Seventh Session of the World Heritage held in 1983 were the Agra Fort

and the Ajanta Caves. Over the years, 30 more sites have been inscribed, the latest being the Great Himalayan National Park in 2014.[3] Of these 32 sites, 25 arecultural sites and the other seven are natural sites. A tentative list of further sites/properties submitted by India for recognition includes 51 sites. The cultural sites in Indiaare marked by their brilliant craftsmanship on stone. Most of the temples of India which are inscribed on this list are built in stone, without any mortar and with brilliant

sculpture carved on it. Indeed, nowhere in the world do sculpture and architecture come together as beautifully and inextricably as in India.[1][4]

Contents

1 Location of Heritage sites

2 List of Heritage sites

2.1 Sites by states

3 Tentative list

4 Nominated Sites

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Location of Heritage sites



Location of World Heritage Sites within India ( )

List of Heritage sites

Name: as listed by the World Heritage Committee

Region: of the States and territories of India

Period: time period of significance, typically of construction

UNESCO data: the site's reference number; the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List; the criteria it was listed under: criteria (i) through (vi) are

cultural, while (vii) through (x) are natural.

Description: brief description of the site

In danger

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was listed as being danger (since 1992),but removed in 2011 following significant improvements.[5] Hampi was added to the danger list in

1999, but removed in 2006 following successful conservation efforts.[6][7]

Hill Forts ofRajasthan

Taj MahalFatehpurSikri

Agra Fort

KazirangaNational Park

ManasWildlife

Sanctuary

Sanchi Stupa BhimbetkaRockshelters

Khajuraho Bodh Gaya

Humayun'sTomb

QutubRed Fort

Champaner-Pavagadh

Churches andConvents ofGoa

Keoladeo

Ajanta

Ellora

ElephantaCaves

ChhatrapatiShivaji

Terminus

CholaTemples

Mahabalipuram

Hampi

MountainRailways-

Nilgiri

MountainRailways-Darjeeling

MountainRailways-

Kalka-Shimla

GreatHimalayanNational Park

Pattadakal

Sun Temple,Konrak

JantarMantar,

Jaipur

Rani ki vav

Nanda Deviand Valley ofFlowers N.P.

SundarbansN.P.

WesternGhats

(Nilgiri)

WesternGhats

(Kerala)

WesternGhats

(Sahyadri)

WesternGhats

(Karnataka)



Sr.

No.Name Image Region Period

UNESCO

dataDescription

01

Kaziranga Wild

Life Sanctuary,

Assam

Assam, India20th

century

337; 1985;

ix, x

Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary, located in the Northeastern state of Assam in the flood

plains of the Brahmaputra Rivers south bank, was declared a World Heritage Site by

UNESCO in 1985 for its unique natural environment. It was first established as a reserved

forest in 1908 to protect the dwindling species of Rhinoceros. It underwent several

transformations over the years, as The Kaziranga Game Sanctuary in 1916, renamed as

Kaziranga Wild Life Sanctuary in 1950, and declared a national park in 1974. The park,

which covers an area of 42,996 hectares (106,250 acres), has the distinction of being

home to the world's largest population of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros. There

are many other mammals and birds species in the sanctuary.[8][9][10]

02

Manas Wild

Life Sanctuary,

Assam

Assam, India20th

century

338; 1985;

vii, ix, x

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Northeastern state of Assam covers an area of

50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) in the plains of the Manas Rivers in the foot hills of the

Himalayas on the border with Bhutan (contiguous with the Manas Wild Life Sanctuary in

Bhutan It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 for its unique natural

environment. The sanctuary is the habitat of several species of plants and 21 most

threatened species of mammals, out of 55 mammal species in the sanctuary, 36 reptile

species, 3 amphibians and 350 species of birds; endangered species include Tiger, pygmy

hog, clouded leopard, sloth bear, Indian Rhinoceros, wild buffaloes (the only pure stain of

buffaloes in India), Indian Elephants, golden langur and Bengal Florican. In 1907, it was

declared a reserve forest, was declared a sanctuary in 1928, and became a Tiger Reserve in

1973 as part of Project Tiger and a World Heritage Site in December 1985. Plants listed

under the broad category of Burma Monsoon Forests include 285 species of Dicotyledons

and 98 species of Monocotyledons. Since 1992, the sanctuary has been listed under The

World Heritage in Danger|[11][12][13]

03

Mahabodhi

Temple

Complex at

Bodh Gaya,

Bihar

Bihar, India

3rd

century

BC, 5th

and 6th

century

AD and

19th

century

1056 rev;

2002; i,ii, iii,

iv, vi

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (Buddha Gaya), spread over an area of 4.86

hectares (12.0 acres) was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List i as a unique

property of cultural and archaeological importance. The first temple was built by Emperor

Ashoka in the 3rd century BC (260 BC) around the Bodhi Tree Ficus religiosa (to the west

of the temple). However, the temples seen now are dated between 5th and 6th centuries

AD. The structures have been built in bricks. Revered and sanctified as the place where

Siddhartha Gautama Buddha was enlightened in 531 BC at age 35, and then propagated his

divine knowledge of Buddhism to the world, it has been the ultimate temple for reverential

worship, over the last several centuries, by Buddhists of all denominations, from all over

the world who visit on pilgrimage. The main temple is 50 m in height, built in Indian

architectural style, dated between 5th and 6th centuries, and it is the oldest temple in the

Indian sub-continent built during the Golden Age of Indian culture credited to the Gupta

period. Sculpted balustrades of the Ashokan times (3rd century BC) are preserved in the

Archaeological Museum located within the temple complex.[14][15]

04Humayuns

Tomb, DelhiDelhi, India 1570

232, 1993,

(ii), (iv)

Humayuns Tomb, Delhi, the first tomb built with several innovations, set at the centre of

luxurious gardens with water channels, was the precursor monument to the Taj Mahal

(built a century later). It was built in 1570 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage

Monument in 1993 for its cultural importance. It was built in 15691570 by the second

Mughal Emperor Humayuns widow Biga Begum (Hajji Begum). Its architecture is credited

to Mirza Ghiyath and its Mughal architectural style has been acclaimed as the necropolis

of the Mughal dynasty for its double domed elevation provided with Chhatris. Apart from

the tomb of Humayun, the funerary also has 150 tombs of various members of the royal

family. The tomb is built with a char-bagh (fourfold) layout with two gates, one on the

south and the other on the west. It has a number of water channels, a pavilion and a bath.

The tomb set on an irregular octagonal plinth has a raised dome of 42.5 m height, covered

by marble slabs and decorated with chhatris.[16][17]

05

Qutb Minar

and its

Monuments,

Delhi

Delhi, IndiaLate 12th

century

233, 1993,

(iv)

Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi, located to the south of Delhi, is a complex with the

Qutb Minar as the centre piece, which is a red sandstone tower of 72.5 metres (238 ft)

height with a base of 14.32 metres (47.0 ft) reducing to 2.75 metres (9.0 ft) diameter at

the top. Built in the beginning of the 13th century, the complex of structures comprises

itineraries, the Alai Darwaza Gate (1311), the Alai Minar (an incomplete mound of the

intended Minar or tower), the Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (the earliest existing mosque in

India), the tomb of Iltumish, and an Iron Pillar. The complex is a testimony to the Islamic

depredations during the period as seen from the materials used for building the complex

which are those that were removed after destroying Hindu and Jain temples; a shining iron

pillar of 7.02 metres (23.0 ft) height (without any trace of rusting) erected at the centre of

the complex, with inscriptions in Sanskrit, of the Chandra Gupta II period is a moot

witness. History records its construction, initially by Qutubuddin Aibak in 1192, its

completion by Iltumish (121136) and again by Alauddin Khalji (12961316). It underwent

several renovations by subsequent rulers, following damage to the structures due to

lightning. It was inscribed under the UNESCO World Heritage List under category iv for its

unique representation of the Islamic architectural and artistic excellence.[18][19]



unique representation of the Islamic architectural and artistic excellence.[18][19]

06Red Fort

ComplexDelhi, India 1648

231rev,

2007, (i),(ii),

(iii), (vi)

Red Fort Complex, also known as Lal Qila is a palace fort built in the 17th century by

Shahjahan (162858), the fifth Mughal Emperor as part of his new capital city of

Shahjahanabad. located to the north of Delhi. It represents the glory of the Mughal rule and

is considered the Highpoint of Mughal architectural, artistic aesthetic creativity. The

architectural design of the structures built within the fort represents a blend of Persian,

Timuri and Indian architectural styles; Isfahan, the Persian Capital is said to have provided

the inspiration to build the Red Fort Complex. The planning and design of this complex, in

a geometrical grid plan with pavilion structures, was the precursor of several monuments

which were built later in Rajasthan, Delhi, Agra and other places. The palace complex has

been fortified by an enclosure wall built with red sand stone (hence the name Red Fort). It

is adjacent to the Salimgarh Fort on its north built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546 and is now

part of the Red Fort Complex (area covered 120 acres) under the revised inscription of the

UNESCO World Heritage List under categories (i),(ii), (iii) and (vi). Built between 1639 and

1648, enclosing an area of size 656 metres (2,152 ft)x328 metres (1,076 ft) and raising to

a height of 23 metres (75 ft) on the right bank of the Yamuna River, it is linked to the

Salimgarh Fort through a bridge over an old river channel, now a city road. The palace

within the fort complex, located behind the Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience),

comprises a series of richly engraved marble palace pavilions, interconnected by water

channels called the Nehr-i-Behishit meaning the Stream of Paradise, the Diwane-i-khas

(Private audience hall), several other essential private structures, and also the Moti Masjid

(Pearl Mosque built by Emperor Aurangzeb).[20][21]

07

Churches and

Convents of

Goa

Velha Goa (Old

Goa), Goa,

India

16th and

18th

centuries

232; 1986;

(ii)(iv)(vi)

Churches and Convents of Goa are monuments inscribed by UNESCO under the World

Heritage List in 1986 as cultural property, under criteria (ii),(iv) and (vi), which were built

by the Portuguese colonial rulers of Goa between 16th and 18th centuries. These

monuments are mainly in the former capital of Velha Goa. Velha Goa is also known Goem,

Pornem Gy, Adlem Gi, Old Goa or Saibachem Gi, where Saib or Goencho Saib refers

to Saint Francis Xavier. The most significant of these monuments is the Basilica of Bom

Jesus, which enshrines the tomb containing the relics of St. Francis Xavier. These

monuments of Goa, known as the Rome of the Orient, were established by different

Catholic religious orders, from 25 November 1510 onwards. There were originally 60

churches of which some of the surviving monuments in the city of Velha Goa are the Saint

Catherine's Chapel (where one of the first, probably only besides the Angediva Island, Latin

rite mass in Asia, was held on Saint Catherine's feast day- i.e. 25 November 1510), the

Church and Convent of Saint Francis of Assisi, the S Catedral de Santa Catarina dedicated

to Saint Catherine of Alexandria, the Jesuit Borea Jezuchi Bajilika or Baslica do Bom Jesus,

Igreja de So Francisco de Assis (also known as Asisachea Sanv Fransiskachi Igorz), the

Theatine Igreja da Divina Providncia (So Caetano) (also known as San Kaitanachi Igorz

or the church of Saint Cajetan and its seminary (resembles Basilica Papale di San Pietro in

Vaticano), Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosrio (also known as Ruzai Saibinnichi Igorz

(Church of Our Lady of the Rosary)) and Igreja de Santo Agostinho (also known as Sanv

Agustineachi Igorz (Church of Saint Augustine) (only the belfry stands today and some

graves, including the Georgian Orthodox Church Saint, Saint Ketevan, who was also a

queen). These monuments were forerunners in establishing an ensemble of the Manueline,

Mannerist and Baroque art forms in the Asian region. The monuments are built in laterites

and walls plastered with limestone mortar mixed with broken shells. For this reason, the

monuments need constant maintenance to prevent deterioration due to monsoon climatic

conditions, and thus keep them in good shape.[22][23]

08

Champaner-

Pavagadh

Archaeological

Park, Gujarat

Gujarat, India

Prehistoric

and 8th to

14th

centuries

1104; 2004;

iii, iv, v, vi

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park is situated in Panchmahal district in Gujarat,

India. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004 as a cultural site. There

is a concentration of largely unexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage

properties cradled in an impressive landscape which includes prehistoric (chalcolithic)

sites, a hill fortress of an early Hindu capital, and remains of the 16th-century capital of the

state of Gujarat. The site also includes, among other vestiges, fortifications, palaces,

religious buildings, residential precincts, agricultural structures and water installations, from

the 8th to the 14th centuries. The Kalikamata Temple on top of the Pavagadh Hill is

considered to be an important shrine, attracting large numbers of pilgrims throughout the

year. The site is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city.[24][25]

09

Group of

Monuments at

Hampi

Bellary District,

Karnataka, India

14th and

16th

centuries

241 ; 1986;

(i)(iii)(iv)

The Group of Monuments at Hampi comprise a sombre but ostentatious Hampi town, on

the banks of the river Tungabhadra in Karnataka. Hampi subsumes the ruins of

Vijayanagara, which was the former capital of the powerful Vijayanagara Empire. Dravidian

temples and palaces abound in Hampi. These won the admiration of travellers between the

14th and 16th centuries. Hampi, as an important Hindu religious centre, has the Virupaksha

Temple (different from Pattadakal's Virupaksha Temple) and several other monuments,

which are part of the cultural heritage site inscribed under category (i), (iii) and (iv) in the

UNESCO World Heritage List.[26][27]

The Group of monuments in Pattadakal designated under UNESCO World Heritage List, in



10

Group of

Monuments at

Pattadakal

Karnataka, India8th

century

239 ; 1987;

(i)(iii)(vi)

1987, cover a remarkable series of nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary in

northern Karnataka. In this group of temples, the Virupaksha Temple, built c. 740 by

Queen Lokamahadevi to commemorate her husband's (King Vikramaditya II) victory over

the Pallava kings from the south, is considered the most outstanding architectural edifice

(This is different from the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi.) These are a remarkable

combination of temples built by the Chalukya Dynasty in the 6th to 8th century at Aihole,

Badami and Pattadakal, the latter city was known as the "Crown Rubies". The temples

represent a remarkable fusion of the architectural features of northern (Nagara) and

southern (dravida) India. Pattadakal is considered a Hindu holy city and within the heritage

complex are eight temples dedicated to Shiva, a ninth shaivite sanctuary called the

Papanatha Temple, and a Jaina Temple.[28][29]

11

Buddhist

Monuments at

Sanchi,

Madhya

Pradesh

Madhya

Pradesh, India

2nd and

1st

centuries

BC to the

12th

century

AD

524; 1989;

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)

(vi)

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Bhopal in the Indian

state of Madhya Pradesh are a group of Buddhist monuments dated between 200 BC and

100 BC. The site, however, has been conjectured to have been developed in the 3rd

century BC, when Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire ruled. The principal monument

is Stupa 1 dated to the 2nd century and 1st century BC. These Buddhist sanctuaries were

active Buddhist religious monuments, which flourished till the 12th century. The sanctuary

has a plethora of monolithic pillars, palaces, temples and monasteries in different status of

preservation. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on January 24, 1989

for its unique cultural importance. It was discovered only in 1818 in a deserted state of

preservation. Archaeological excavations undertaken thereafter reveled 50 unique

monuments.[30][31][32]

12

Rock Shelters

of Bhimbetka,

Madhya

Pradesh

Madhya

Pradesh, India

300,000

years

925; 2003;

(iii) (v)

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka described in the UNESCO Inscription as the site complex

a magnificent repository of rock paintings within natural rock shelters is located in the

foothills of the Vindhya range of hills in the Central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is

spread in sandstone formations extending over an area of 1893 ha with a buffer zone

10,280 hectares (25,400 acres). The rock shelters, discovered only in 1957, comprise a

group of five clusters of rock shelters with paintings that are inferred to date from the

Mesolithic period right through to the Historical period, with the 21 villages surrounding

them reflecting the traditions displayed in the rock paintings. The unique rock art has been

discovered in 400 painted shelters spread over an area of 1,892 ha amidst dense forest with

high diversity of flora and fauna, with some of the shelters dated from 100,000 BC (Late

Acheulian) to 1000 AD. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003 as a

unique cultural property representing a convergence displayed in the art form between the

people and the landscape with links to the hunting gathering economy of the

past.[31][33][34]

13

Khajuraho

Group of

Monuments,

Madhya

Pradesh

Madhya

Pradesh, India

950 AD to

1050 AD

240; 1986;

(i) (iii)

Khajuraho Group of Monuments attributed to the Chandela dynasty which, under

sovereignty of Gurjar Pratihars reached its glory. The ensemble of monuments that have

survived belong to the Hindu and Jain Religious practices with striking fusion of sculpture

and architecture; the best example of this outstanding feature is seen in the Kandariya

Temple. Of the 85 temples built, only 22 temples have survived in an area of 6 km2, which

represents the Chandela period of the 10th century. Located in the Indian state of Madhya

Pradesh, it was inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, a cultural property on

October 15, 1982 for its unique original artistic creation and proof of the Chandela Culture

that existed prior to the Muslim invasion of India in the early 12th century.[35][36]

14 Ajanta CavesMaharashtra,

India

2nd

century

BC to 6th

century

242; 1983; i,

ii, iii, vi

Ajanta Caves listed under UNESCO World Heritage as a cultural heritage site, are Buddhist

caves that were built in two phases, the first phase was from 2nd century BC. In the

second phase, further additions were made during the 5th and 6th centuries AD of the

Gupta period. The caves depict richly decorated paintings, frescoes, which are reminiscent

of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka and sculptures. As a whole, there are 31 rock-cut

cave monuments which are unique representations of the religious art of

Buddhism.[37][38][39]

15 Ellora CavesMaharashtra,

India

600 to

1000 AD

243; 1983;

(i)(iii)(vi)

Ellora Caves also known as Ellora Complex are a cultural mix of religious arts of

Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. These are 34 monasteries and temples sculpted

contiguously into rock walls of a high basalt cliff, which are seen along a length of 2

kilometres (1.2 mi). Dated to 600 to 1000 AD, they are a reflection of artistic creation of

the ancient civilization of India. This cultural property has been inscribed under the

UNESCO World Heritage List.[40][41]

16Elephanta

Caves

Maharashtra,

India

5th to 8th

centuries

244rev;

1987; (i)(iii)

The Elephanta Caves are a network of sculpted caves located on Elephanta Island, or

Gharapuri (literally "the city of caves") in Mumbai Harbour, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the

east of the city of Mumbai. The island, located on an arm of the Arabian Sea, consists of

two groups of caves the first is a large group of five Hindu caves, the second, a smaller

group of two Buddhist caves. The Hindu caves contain rock cut stone sculptures,

representing the Shaiva Hindu sect, dedicated to the god Shiva. The rock-cut architecture

of the caves is dated to between the 5th and 8th centuries, although the identity of the

original builders is still a subject of debate. The caves are hewn from solid basalt rock.



Renovated in the 1970s, the caves were designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site in

1987 to preserve the artwork.[42][43]

17

Chhatrapati

Shivaji

Terminus

(formerly

Victoria

Terminus)

Maharashtra,

India

1887

1888

945rev;

2004; (ii)(iv)

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus is a historic railway station in Mumbai, which serves as the

headquarters of the Central Railways. It is one of the busiest railway stations in India, and

serves Central Railway trains terminating in Mumbai as well as the Mumbai Suburban

Railway. The station was designed by Frederick William Stevens, a consulting architect in

18871888. It took ten years to complete and was named "Victoria Terminus" in honour of

the Queen and Empress Victoria; it was opened on the date of her Golden Jubilee in 1887.

This famous architectural landmark in Gothic style was built as the headquarters of the

Great Indian Peninsular Railway. In 1996, in response to demands by the Shiv Sena and in

keeping with the policy of renaming locations with Indian names, the station was renamed

by the state government after Chatrapati Shivaji, the famed 17th-century Maratha king. On

2 July 2004, the station was nominated as a World Heritage Site by the World Heritage

Committee of UNESCO.[44][45]

18Sun Temple,

Konrak

Puri District,

Orissa, India

13th-

century

246; 1984;(i)

(iii)(vi)

Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Sun Temple (also known as the "Black Pagoda"), at

Konark, in Orissa. Located on the east coast of the Bay of Bengal in the Mahanadi Delta, it

is built in the form of the chariot of Surya (Arka), the sun god with 24 wheels, and is

heavily decorated with symbolic stone carvings and led by a team of six horses. It was

constructed from oxidizing weathered ferruginous sandstone by King Narasimhadeva I of

the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. The temple is one of the most renowned temples in India and

is a World Heritage Site inscribed in 1984 as cultural property under categories (i), (iii) and

(vi).[46][47]

19Keoladeo

National Park

Bharatpur,

Rajasthan, India1981

340; 1985;

(x)

Keoladeo National Park in Bharatpur is located within the Indus-Ganges Monsoon Forest

Biogeographical Province. It extends over an area of 2,783 hectares (6,880 acres). It was

declared a national park in 1982. Earlier to this, in 1900, it was a duck-hunting reserve of

the Maharajasof Bharatpur, then became a bird sanctuary in 1956, with the Maharajas

exercising shooting rights till 1972, and was recorded as a Ramsar Wetland site, in 1981. It

was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 under category (x), as a natural

property. The area of the wetland of the park shrinks to 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres)

during most part of the year. It has a human-built environment created partly by

embankments dividing the area into 10 units, and has sluice controlled arrangement to

maintain the water level. It is famous for 364 species of wintering birds that flock in large

numbers, arriving from distant countries of Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia.

It is surrounded by 17 villages and the Bharatpur city.[48][49]

20Jantar Mantar,

Jaipur

Jaipur,

Rajasthan, India

1727 and

1734

1338; 2010;

(iii)(iv)

The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built

by Maharaja (King) Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1734. It

is modelled after the one that he had built at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had

constructed a total of five such facilities at different locations, including the ones at Delhi

and Jaipur. The Jaipur observatory is the largest and best preserved of these and has a set

of some 20 main fixed instruments built in masonry. It has been inscribed as cultural

property on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "an expression of the astronomical skills

and cosmological concepts of the court of a scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal

period."[50][51]

21Great Living

Chola Temples

Brihadeeswarar

temple,

Gangaikonda

Cholapuram,

Tamil Nadu,

India

11th and

12th

century

250bis;

1987; ((ii)

(iii)

The Great Living Chola Temples, built by kings of the Chola Empire stretched over all of

Tamil Nadu. This cultural heritage site includes three great temples of 11th and 12th

centuries namely, the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at

Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. The Temple of

Gangaikondacholisvaram, built by Rajendra I, was completed in 1035. Its 53 metres

(174 ft) vimana (sanctum tower) has recessed corners and a graceful upward curving

movement, contrasting with the straight and severe tower at Thanjavur. The Airavatesvara

temple complex, built by Rajaraja II, at Darasuram features a 24 metres (79 ft) vimana and

a stone image of Shiva. The temples testify to the brilliant achievements of the Chola in

architecture, sculpture, painting and bronze casting. The site was inscribed under UNESCO

World Heritage List in 1987 as Cultural heritage under criteria (ii) and (iii).[52][53]

Airavateshwarar

Temple,

Darasuram,

Tamil Nadu,

India

Brihadeeswarar

Temple,

Thanjavur,

Tamil Nadu,

India

The Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, in Tamil Nadu, about 58 km from Chennai,

were built by the Pallava kings in the 7th and 8th centuries. The town is said to have gained



22

Group of

Monuments at

Mahabalipuram

Mahabalipuram,

Tamil Nadu,

India

7th and

8th

centuries

249; 1984;

(i)(ii)(iii)(vi)

were built by the Pallava kings in the 7th and 8th centuries. The town is said to have gained

prominence under the rule of Mamalla. These monuments have been carved out of rock

along the Coromandel coast. The temple town has approximately forty monuments,

including the largest open-air bas-relief in the world. It was inscribed under the UNESCO

World Heritage list in 1984 as a cultural heritage under categories (i)(ii)(iii)(vi). The

monuments inscribed are the Ratha Temples: Temples in the form of chariots, Mandapas,

11 Cave sanctuaries covered with bas-reliefs, rock relief of Descent of the Ganges, which

is the largest open air Rock relief also known as Arjuna's Penance or Bhagiratha's

Penance.[54][55]

23Agra Fort,

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh,

India

16th

century251; 1983; iii

Agra Fort, also known as the Red Fort of Agra, which represented Mughal opulence and

power as the centre piece of their empire was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage

List in 1982, under Category iii as a cultural monument. The fortress located on the right

bank of the Yamuna River, built in red sandstone, covering a length of 2.5 kilometres

(1.6 mi) and surrounded by a moat, encloses several palaces, towers and mosques. These

were built from the 16th century onwards till the early 18th century, starting with Emperor

Akbar's reign in the 16th century to that of Aurangzeb in the early part of the 18th century,

including the contributions made during the reign of Jahangir and Shahjahan of the Moghul

Rule in India; the impressive structures built within the precincts of the fort are the Khas

Mahal, the Shish Mahal, Muhamman Burje (an octagonal tower), Diwan-i-Khas (1637),

Diwan-i-Am, white marble mosque or the Pearl Mosque (built during 16461653) and the

Nagina Masjid (16581707). These monuments are remarkable for the fusion of Persian art

of the Timurid and the Indian art form. It is very close to the famous Taj Mahal with a

buffer zone separating the two monuments.[56][57]

24Fatehpur Sikri,

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh,

India

16th

century

255; 1986;

ii,iii,iv

Fatehpur Sikri, "the City of Victory," was built during the second half of the 16th century

by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (15561605). It was the capital of the Empire and seat of

the grand Mughal court, but only for 14 years. Despite bearing exceptional testimony to the

Mughal civilization at the end of the 16th century, it had to be abandoned due to the twin

reasons of lack of water and unrest in north-west India, leading the Emperor to shift the

capital to Lahore. Akbar decided to construct it in 1571, on the same site where the birth of

his son, the future Emperor Jahangir, was predicted by the wise saint Shaikh Salim Chisti

(14801572). The work, supervised by the great Mughal himself, was completed in 1573.

The complex of monuments and temples, all uniformly in Mughal architectural style,

includes one of the largest mosques in India, the Jama Masjid, the Buland Darwaza, the

Panch Mahal, and the Tomb of Salim Chishti. The English traveller Ralph Fitch considered

the city in 1585 as 'considerably larger than London and more populous.' Its form and

layout strongly influenced the evolution of Indian town planning, notably at Shahjahanabad

(Old Delhi). The city has numerous other palaces, public buildings and mosques, as well as

living areas for the court, the army, servants of the king and for an entire population whose

history has not been recorded.[58][59]

25Taj Mahal,

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh,

India

17th

century252; 1983;i

Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World is a mausoleum a funerary mosque.

It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his third wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal who

had died in 1631. It is a large edifice made in white marble in typical Mughal architecture, a

style that combines elements from Persian, Islamic and Indian architectural styles. This

much acclaimed masterpiece was built over a 16 year period between 1631 and 1648 under

the Chief Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri supported by several thousand artisans under the

guidance of an Imperial Committee. It was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in

1983, under Category i, as a cultural property/monument. It is set amidst vast Mughal

Gardens, which cover 17 hectares (42 acres) of land on the right bank of the Yamuna

River. It has an octagonal layout marked by four exclusive minarets at four corners with a

pristine elevation of a central bulbous dome below which the tombs are laid in an

underground chamber. Calligraphic inscriptions in-crusted in polychromatic pierra dura,

decorative bands and floral arabesques glorify the monument's graphic beauty and provide

a picture perfect impression to the viewers.[60][61]

26

Mountain

Railways of

India

Darjeeling

Himalayan

Railway (1999),

Darjeeling, West

Bengal

19th and

early 20th

centuries

944ter;

1999, 2005,

2008; (i)(iii)

(iv)

The Mountain Railways of India represents a collective listing of the Darjeeling Himalayan

Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Kalka-Shimla Railway under the UNESCO

World Heritage Site. However, the Mountain Railways of India are five railway lines built in

the mountains of India in the 19th and early 20th centuries, during the British Raj, which

are run even today by the Indian Railways. Three out of these five railways, the Darjeeling

Himalayan Railway (1881), the Kalka-Shimla Railway (1898) and the Kangra Valley

Railway (1924), are located in the rugged hill regions of the Himalayas of Northern India

and the other two are much further south in the Western Ghats; the Nilgiri Mountain

Railway in Southern India, and the Matheran Hill Railway in Maharashtra. The World

Heritage UNESCO recognition to three of the five Mountain Railways of India has been

stated as for being "outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the

problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain. The

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized first in 1999, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway

followed suite as an extension to the site in 2005, and in 2008 the KalkaShimla Railway

was further added as an extension; and the three together have been titled as Mountain

Railways of India under Criteria: ii, iv under the region in the Asia-Pacific. The claims of

Nilgiri Mountain

Railway (2005)

Ooty, Tamil

Nadu

Kalka-Shimla

Railway,

Himachal



Pradesh (2008)

India

Railways of India under Criteria: ii, iv under the region in the Asia-Pacific. The claims of

the Matheran Hill Railway, the fourth hill line, are pending acceptance by the international

body.[62][63]

27

Nanda Devi

and Valley of

Flowers

National Parks

Chamoli

District,

Uttarakhand,

India

1939 and

1982

335bis;

1988, 2005 ;

(vii),(x)

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks are nestled high in West Himalaya. Valley

of Flowers National Park is renowned for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and

outstanding natural beauty. It is located in the Garhwal Himalaya of Chamoli District of

Uttarakhand (formerly part of Uttar Pradesh). This richly diverse area is also home to rare

and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and

blue sheep. The gentle landscape of the Valley of Flowers National Park complements the

rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park. Together, they encompass a

unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya.

The park stretches over an expanse of 87.5 km2 (33.8 sq mi). It was established as a

national park on 6 November 1982. However, it was initially established as a game

sanctuary on 7 January 1939. It was inscribed under the UNESCO World Heritage List in

1988 with extension in 2005 under category (vii) and (x).[64][65] Together, they comprise

the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, which is on the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere

Reserves since 2004.

28Sundarbans

National Park

Bangladesh,

West Bengal

(India)

1939 and

1982

452; 1987 ;

(ix) and (x)

The Sundarbans National Park, the largest estuarine mangrove forest in the world is a

National Park, Tiger Reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve

located in the Sundarbans Ganges river delta bordering the Bay of Bengal, in West Bengal.

It is also on the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Sundarbans as a

whole encompasses 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) of land and water, about 5,980 km2

(2,310 sq mi) in India and the balance is in Bangladesh. It is integral to the world's largest

delta of 80,000 km2 formed from sediments deposited by the three great rivers, the

Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna, which confluence in the Bengal Basin. The

entire basin is traversed by a complex network of interconnecting waterways. Tidal waves

as high 75 m are a regular feature here. Though, the history of protection in the area of

Indian part of the Sundarbans dates back to 1878, it was declared as the core area of

Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973 and a wildlife sanctuary in 1977 of 133,000-hectare

core area within the 258,500 hectares (639,000 acres) Sundarbans Tiger Reserve. On May

4, 1984 it was declared a National Park. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage

list in 1987 as a natural property under category (ix) and (x). This region is densely

covered by mangrove forests, and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger. It is

also home to a variety of bird, reptile and invertebrate species, including the salt-water

crocodile.[66][67]

29 Western Ghats

Agasthyamalai

Sub-Cluster

2012

Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Mountains, a mountain range along the

western side of India and one of the worlds ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots" (sub

cluster nomination)[68][69][70] A total of thirty nine properties (including national parks,

wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests) were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in

the state of Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[71][72]

Periyar Sub-

Cluster

Anamalai Sub-

Cluster

Nilgiri Sub-

Cluster

Talakaveri Sub-

Cluster (five

properties)

Kudremukh

Sub-Cluster

(five properties)

Sahyadri Sub-

Cluster



30Hill Forts of

Rajasthan

Chittorgarh

2013247; 2013;

(ii)(iii)

Hill Forts of Rajasthan, are a series of sites located on rocky outcrops of the Aravallis

mountain range in Rajasthan. They represent a typology of Rajput military hill architecture,

a style characterized by its mountain peak settings, utilizing the defensive properties of the

terrain. These hill forts in Rajasthan represent Rajput military strongholds across a vast

range of geographical and cultural zones.It represents number of hill forts and is said to

express the development of Rajput defensive architecture. examples of Rajput military

architecture. Rajput forts are well known for their defensive architecture. They enclose

large territories and even complete villages in walled compounds. The property consists of

Chittorgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort,

Jaisalmer Fort. Due to the variety of built structures in each hill fort, only the most

significant elements of each complex are described.[73]

Kumbhalgarh

Ranthambhore

Amber Sub-

Cluster

Jaisalmer

Gagron

31

Rani ki vav

(The Queen's

Stepwell)

Patan, Gujarat,

India

11th

century

AD[74]

2014 Rani ki vav (The Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat, is a famous stepwell[75]

32

Great

Himalayan

National Park

Himachal

Pradesh, India2014[76]

Great Himalayan National Park at Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, is characterized by high alpine

peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests. The 90,540 ha property includes the upper

mountain glacial and snow melt water source origins of several rivers, and the catchments

of water supplies that are vital to millions of downstream users. The GHNPCA protects the

monsoon-affected forests and alpine meadows of the Himalayan front ranges. It is part of

the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and includes 25 forest types along with a rich assemblage

of fauna species, several of which are threatened. This gives the site outstanding

significance for biodiversity conservation.[76]

Sites by states

The list shows the number of the heritage sites statewise.

Community Exclusive sites Shared sites

Assam 2 0

Bihar 1 0

Delhi 3 0

Goa 1 0

Gujarat 2 0

Himachal Pradesh 2 1

Karnataka 2 1

Kerala 0 1

Madhya Pradesh 3 0

Maharashtra 4 1

Odisha 1 0

Rajasthan 3 0

Tamil Nadu 2 2

Uttarakhand 1 0

Uttar Pradesh 3 0

West Bengal 1 1

Tentative list

Apart from the 32 sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, India has also maintained a list of tentative sites for recognition which has been submitted to UNESCO

Committee for evaluation and acceptance. This procedure of prelisting is a prerequisite for the nominations for the World Heritage list to be accepted.[77][78]

Sr.

No.Name Image Region

UNESCO

dataPeriod Description



01Temples at

BishnupurBishnupur, West Bengal, India 1998

West Bengal is famous for its terracotta temples built in the 17th

and 18th centuries and the balucheri sarees

02Buddhist Monastery

Complex

Alchi, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir,

India1998 Buddhist Monastery Complex is also known as "Alchi Chos-kor."

03 Golconda Fort Hyderabad, Telangana, India 1998

04Dholavira: a

Harappan CityDholavira, Gujarat, India 1998

This is located in Gujarat, Kachchh district, is one of the largest

and most prominent archaeological sites in India, belonging to

the Indus Valley Civilization

05 Mattancherry Palace Mattancherry, Kochi, Kerala, India 1998

Mattancherry Palace, also known as the Dutch Palace, in

Mattancherry, Kochi, Kerala features Kerala murals depicting

Hindu temple art, portraits and exhibits of the Rajas of Kochi.

(1998)

06Tomb of Sher Shah

SuriSasaram, Bihar, India 1998

Tomb of Sher Shah Suri was built in memory of Afghan

Emperor Sher Shah Suri who ruled Delhi in Northern India for

five years, after defeating Humayun, the 2nd Mughal Emperor

07

Mandu, Madhya

Pradesh Group of

Monuments

Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, India 1998

Mandu, Madhya Pradesh Group of Monuments are in the

fortress town on a rocky outcrop about 100 km (62 mi) from

Indore, and are celebrated for their fine architecture

08Ancient Buddhist Site

in Sarnath

Sarnath, Varanasi District, Uttar

Pradesh, India1998

Ancient Buddhist Site in Sarnath, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh where

Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the

Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment

of Kondanna. (1998)

09 Hemis Gompa Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India 1998Hemis Gompa, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Drukpa

Lineage, is located in Hemis, Ladakh, 45 km from Leh

10

Sri Harimandir Sahib

(The "Golden

Temple")Amritsar, Punjab, India 2004

Sri Harimandir Sahib (The "Golden Temple") in Amritsar,

Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism

11 River Island of Majuli Brahmaputra River, Assam, India 2004River Island of Majuli in midstream of the Brahmaputra River in

Assam

12Namdapha National

ParkArunachal Pradesh, India 2006

This is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya

biodiversity hotspot is located in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast

India

13 Wild Ass Sanctuary Kutchh, Gujarat, India 2006

Wild Ass Sanctuary, largest wildlife sanctuary in India is known

for the endangered wild ass sub-species of Indian Wild Ass in

Little Rann of Kutch

14Kangchendzonga

National ParkNorth Sikkim, Sikkim, India 2006

Kangchendzonga National Park, a national park and a Biosphere

reserve is located in North Sikkim district

15

Urban and

Architectural Work

of Le Corbusier in

Chandigarh

Chandigarh, India 2006

Urban and Architectural Work of Le Corbusier in Chandigarh, is

home to numerous architectural projects of Le Corbusier, Pierre

Jeanneret, Matthew Nowicki and Albert Mayer

16The Matheran Light

RailwayMaharashtra, India 2005

Extension to the Mountain Railways of India

17The Kangra Valley

RailwayHimachal Pradesh, India 2009



18 Churchgate Mumbai, Maharashtra 2009

Extension to Mumbai CST

Churchgate station, is a terminus of Western Railway line ofMumbai suburban railway.

19The Maharaja

Railways of IndiaMadhya Pradesh, India 2009

The Maharaja Railways of India comprises several railway lines

that were maintained in the past by the erstwhile Maharajas of

India during the British rule

20 Oak Grove School Jharipani, Mussoorie, India 2009

Oak Grove School, the school was started by the British East

India Company on June 1, 1888, predominantly caters to the

children of Indian Railways employees

21Excavated Remains

at NalandaNalanda, Bihar, India 2009

Excavated Remains at Nalanda, an ancient center of higher

learning, is one of the world's first residential universities with a

number of ruined structures in Bihar

22Bhitarkanika

Conservation AreaOrissa, India 2009 A mangrove wetland in Orissa

23Neora Valley National

Park

Darjeeling District, West Bengal,

India2009

This is one of the richest biological zones in the entire Northeast

situated in the Kalimpong subdivision under Darjeeling District in

West Bengal

24 Desert National Park Rajasthan, India 2009 This is an example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert

25Mughal Gardens in

Jammu and Kashmir

Chashma Shahi, Srinagar, Jammu

and Kashmir, India

2010There are six gardens. They are Chashma Shahi, Shalimar Bagh,

Pari Mahal, Verinag Garden, Achabal Gardens and Nishat Bagh

Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu

and Kashmir, India

Verinag Garden, Anantnag, Jammu

and Kashmir, India

Pari Mahal, Srinagar, Jammu and

Kashmir, India

Achabal Gardens, Anantnag, Jammu

and Kashmir, India

Nishat Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and

Kashmir, India

26Silk Road Sites in

India

Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir,

Maharashtra, Puducherry, Punjab,

Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh in

India

2010

This is part of the extensive interconnected network of trade

routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and

Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North

and Northeast Africa and Europe

27 Santiniketan Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India 2010

Santiniketan made famous by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath

Tagore, whose vision became the present university town Visva-

Bharati University

28 Ahmedabad Gujarat, India 2011The historic and most important city of the state of Gujarat in

India- nominated for World Heritage City status

India's historic national Capital- nominated for World Heritage



29 Delhi NCT Delhi, India 2012 City status

30

The Qutb Shahi

Monuments of

Hyderabad

Hyderabad, India 2011 Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Charminar

31

The Victorian and

Art Deco Ensemble

of Mumbai

Mumbai, India 2012

32Apatani Cultural

LandscapeArunachal Pradesh, India 2014

33Archaeological

remains of LothalGujarat, India 2014

34Bah' House of

WorshipNew Delhi, India 2014

35 Cellular Jail Andaman Islands, India 2014

36

Chettinad, Village

Clusters of the Tamil

Merchants

Chettinad, Tamil Nadu, India 2014

37 Chilika Lake Odisha, India 2014

38

Monuments and

Forts of the Deccan

Sultanate

Karnataka (Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur)

and Telangana (Hyderabad), India2014

39Ekamra Kshetra

The Temple CityBhubaneswar, Odisha, India 2014

40

Iconic Saree

Weaving Clusters of

India

India 2014

41Padmanabhapuram

PalaceKerala, India 2014

42Sacred Ensembles of

the Hoysala

Karnataka (Belur and Halebidu),

India2014

43

Monuments of

Srirangapatna Island

Town

Karnataka, India 2014

44 Narcondam Island Andaman and Nicobar islands, India 2014

45

The Neolithic

Settlement of

Burzahom

Jammu & Kashmir, India 2014

46Thembang Fortified

VillageIndia 2014

47

The Glorious

Kakatiya Temples

and Gateways

Warangal, Telangana, India 2014

48

Sites of Saytagrah,

Indias non-violent

freedom movementIndia 2014



Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to WorldHeritage Sites in India.

49

Sites along the

Badshahi Marg (The

Grand Trunk Road)

India 2014

50

Moidams the

Mound-Burial system

of the Ahom Dynasty

India 2014

51

Sri

Ranganathaswamy

Temple, Srirangam

Srirangam, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil

Nadu,India2014 -

Nominated Sites

The following sites have been nominated for world heritage site:[79]

1. Gir Wildlife Sanctuary

2. Silent Valley National Park

See also

World Heritage Committee

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Table of World Heritage Sites by country

List of World Heritage Sites in Asia

(see template below for more regions)

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External links

UNESCO INDIA (http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in)

Seven UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites In India (http://www.trodly.com/blog/article/seven-unesco-natural-world-heritage-sites-in-india)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India&oldid=649194738"

Categories: World Heritage Sites in India Lists of visitor attractions in India Lists of World Heritage Sites Historic preservation in India

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List of World Heritage Sites in India

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