List of Scottish Monarchs - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

8/10/2019 List of Scottish Monarchs - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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17/10/2014 List of Scottish monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs 1/20

Royal Standard of the King of Scots

List of Scottish monarchsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The monarch of Scotlandwas the headof state ofthe Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, thefirst King of Scots(Middle Scots:King of Scottis,Modern Scots:Keeng o Scots) was KennethMacAlpin (Cined mac Ailpn), who foundedthestate in 843. The distinction between the Kingdomof Scotland andthe Kingdom of the Picts isratherthe product of later medieval myth and confusionfrom a change in nomenclature, i.e.Rex Pictorum(King of the Picts) becomes ri Alban(King of Alba)under Donald II when annals switched from Latin tovernacular around the end of the 9th century, bywhich time the word Alba in Gaelic had come to

refer to the Kingdom of the Picts rather than Britain (its older meaning).[1]

The Kingdom of the Picts just became known as Kingdom of Alba in Gaelic, which later became knownin Scots and English as Scotland; the terms are retained in both languages to this day. By the late 11thcentury at the very latest, Scottish kings were using the term rex Scottorum, or King of Scots, to refer tothemselves in Latin. The title ofKing of Scotsfell out of use in 1707, when the Kingdom of Scotlandwas merged with the Kingdom of England to form a single Kingdom of Great Britain. Thus Queen Annebecame the last monarch of the ancient kingdoms of Scotland and England and the first of Great Britain,although the kingdoms had shared a monarch since 1603 (see Union of the Crowns). Her uncle CharlesII wasthe last Scottish monarch actually to be crowned in Scotland, at Scone in 1651.

Contents

1 Heraldry

2 Coronation Oath

3List of monarchs of Scotland

3.1 House of Alpin (8481034)

3.2 House of Dunkeld (10341286)3.3 House of Sverre (12861290)

3.4 First Interregnum (12901292)

3.5 House of Balliol (12921296)

3.6 Second Interregnum (12961306)

3.7 House of Bruce (13061371)

3.8 House of Stewart/Stuart

3.8.1 Stewart (13711567)3.8.2 Stuart (15671651)

3.9 House of Stuart (restored) (16601707)

4 Jacobite claimants
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronations_in_Europe#Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scone_(Perth_and_Kinross)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scone_(Perth_and_Kinross)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronations_in_Europe#Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Crownshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Standard_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lionrampant.svg


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5 Other claimants

6 Timeline of Scottish Monarchs

7 Acts of Union

8 See also

9 Notes

10 References

Heraldry

Coat of arms ofScotland (12thcentury1603)

Coat of arms ofScotland (16031651)





Coronation Oath

The Coronation Oath sworn by every King of Scots from James VI to Charles II and was approved bythe Parliament of Scotland in 1567:

I, N.N., promise faithfully, in the presence of the eternal, my God, that I, enduring the wholeCourse of my Life, shall serve the same Eternal, my God, to the utmost of my Power,

accordingly as he required in his most Holy Word, revealed and contained in the New andOld Testament; and according to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of JesusChrist, the preaching of his Holy Word, and due and right administration of his Sacraments,now received and practised within this Realm; and shall abolish and oppose all false
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England


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Religion contrary to the same; and shall rule the People committed to my Charge, accordingto the Will and Command of God, revealed in his foresaid Word, and according to thelovable Laws and Constitutions received in this Realm, in no way repugnant to the saidWord of the Eternal, my God; and shall procure to my utmost to the Kirk of God and wholeChristian people true and perfect Peace in all times coming; the Rights and Rents, with alljust privileges of the Crown of Scotland, I shall preserve and keep inviolate, neither shall Itransfer nor alienate the same; I shall forbid and repress in all Estates and all Degrees theft,

Oppression and all kind of Wrong; in all Judgements, I shall command and procure thatJustice and Equity be kept to all creatures without exception, as he be merciful to me andyou that is the Lord and Father of all Mercies; and out of all my lands and empire I shall becareful to root out all Heresy and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall beconvicted by the true Kirk of God of the foresaid Crimes; and these Things above-written Ifaithfully affirm by my solemn Oath.

The Coronation Oath sworn by William II and Anne was approved by the Parliament of Scotland on 18

April 1689.[2]The oath was as follows:

WE William and Mary, King and Queen of Scotland, faithfully promise and swear, by thisour solemn Oath, in presence of the Eternal God, that during the whole Course of our Lifewe will serve the same Eternal God, to the uttermost of our Power, according as he hasrequired in his most Holy Word, revealed and contained in the New and Old Testament; andaccording to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of Christ Jesus, the preachingof his Holy Word, and the due and right Ministration of the Sacraments, now received andpreached within the Realm of Scotland; and shall abolish and gainstand all false Religioncontrary to the same, and shall rule the People committed to our Charge, according to the

Will and Command of God, revealed in his aforesaid Word, and according to the laudableLaws and Constitutions received in this Realm, no ways repugnant to the said Word of theEternal God; and shall procure, to the utmost of our power, to the Kirk of God, and wholeChristian People, true and perfect Peace in all time coming. That we shall preserve and keepinviolated the Rights and Rents, with all just Privileges of the Crown of Scotland, neithershall we transfer nor alienate the same; that we shall forbid and repress in all Estates andDegrees, Reif, Oppression and all kind of Wrong. And we shall command and procure, thatJustice and Equity in all Judgments be kept to all Persons without exception, us the Lordand Father of all Mercies shall be merciful to us. And we shall be careful to root out allHeretics and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of

God, of the aforesaid Crimes, out of our Lands and Empire of Scotland. And we faithfullyaffirm the Things above-written by our solemn Oath.

List of monarchs of Scotland

House of Alpin (8481034)

The reign of Kenneth MacAlpin begins what is often called the House of Alpin, an entirely modern

concept. The descendants of Kenneth MacAlpin were divided into two branches; the crown wouldalternate between the two, the death of a king from one branch often hastened by war or assassination bya pretender from the other. Malcolm II was the last king of the House of Alpin; in his reign, hesuccessfully crushed all opposition to him and, having no sons, was able to pass the crown to hisdaughter's son, Duncan I, who inaugurated the House of Dunkeld.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Alpinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heresyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk


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Portrait

Traditionalmodern

English regnalname

(with modernGaelic

equivalent)

MedievalGaelic name

DynasticStatus

Reign Title Epithet

KennethMacAlpin I

(Coinneach macAilpein)[3]

Cined macAilpn

Ciniod m.Ailpin

son of Alpinking of Dal

Riata

843/848 13

February858

RexPictorum("King ofthe Picts")

An Ferbasach"The

Conqueror"[4]

Donald I

(Dmhnall mac

Ailpein)

Domnall mac

Ailpn

son of Alpinking of DalRiata, and

brother ofKenneth I

858 13

April 862

RexPictorum

("King ofthe Picts")

Constantine I(Ciseam mac

Choinnich)

Causantn macCineda

Son ofKenneth I

862877


An Finn-Shoichleach,

"The Wine-Bountiful"[5]

ed

(Aodh macChoinnich)

ed macCineda

Son ofKenneth I

877878


Giric

(Griogair macDhunghail)

Giric macDngail

Son ofDonald I

878889Mac Rath,

"Son ofFortune"[6]

EochaidEochaid mac

Run grandson

of Kenneth I*878889?

Donald II(Dmhnall mac

Chiseim)

Domnall macCausantn

Son ofConstantine

I889900

R Alban("King ofScotland")

R nanAlbannaich("King ofScots")

Dsachtach,the "Madman" or

"Psycho"[7]

Constantine II(Ciseam mac

Aoidh)

Causantn maceda

Son of ed 900943 R AlbanAn Midhaise,

"the MiddleAged".[8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_II_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Domnall_D%C3%A1sachtach.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eochaid,_son_of_Rhunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ed_mac_Cin%C3%A1edahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%C3%ADn_mac_Cin%C3%A1edahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Causant%C3%ADn_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnall_mac_Ailp%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:History-kenneth.jpg


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Malcolm I

(Maol Chaluimmac Dhmhnaill)

Mel Coluimmac Domnaill

Son ofDonald II 943954 R Alban

AnBodhbhdercc,"the Dangerous

Red"[9]

Indulf[10]Ildulb macCausantn

Son ofConstantine

II954962 R Alban

AnIonsaighthigh,

"theAggressor"[11]

Dub(Dubh or Duff)

(Dubh macMhaoil Chaluim)

Dub mac MalCholuim

Son ofMalcolm I

962967 R AlbanDn,"the

Vehement"[12]

Cuiln(Cailean)

Cuiln macIlduilb

Son ofIndulf

967971 R AlbanAn Fionn,

"the White"[13]

Amlab

(Amhlaigh)Amlab mac

Ilduilb

Son of

Indulf

* 973x

977

R Alban

Kenneth II(Coinneach macMhaoil Chaluim)

Cined macMal Choluim

Son ofMalcolm I

971 x977995

R Alban

AnFionnghalach,

"TheFratricide"[14]

ConstantineIII

(Ciseam macChailein)

Causantn macCuilin

Son ofCuiln

995997 R Alban

Kenneth III(Coinneach mac

Dhuibh)

Cined macDuib

Son of Dub997 25March1005

R AlbanAn Donn,

"the Chief"/ "theBrown".[15]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_III_(Alba).jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kenneth_II_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuil%C3%A9nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub,_King_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:An_Ionsaighthigh.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malcolm_I.jpg


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Malcolm II(Maol Chaluimmac Choinnich)

Mel Coluimmac Cineda

Son ofKenneth II

10051034

R Alban /Rex Scotiae

Forranach,"the

Destroyer";[16]

* Evidence for Eochaid's reign is unclear: he may never have actually been King. If he was, he was co-King with Giric. Amlab is known only by a reference to his death in 977, which reports him as King ofAlba; since Kenneth II is known to have still been King in 972973, Amlab must have taken powerbetween 973 and 977.

Eochiad was a son of Run, King of Strathclyde, but his mother was a daughter of Kenneth I.

House of Dunkeld (10341286)

Duncan succeeded to the throne as the maternal grandson of Malcolm II (he was also the heir-general of

Malcolm I, as his paternal grandfather, Duncan of Atholl was the third son of Malcolm I.[17]The Houseof Dunkeld was therefore a continuation of the House of Alpin). Duncan was killed in battle byMacbeth, who had a long and relatively successful reign. In a series of battles between 1057 and 1058,Duncan's son Malcolm III defeated and killed Macbeth and Macbeth's stepson and heir Lulach, andclaimed the throne. The dynastic feuds did not end there: on Malcolm's death in battle, his brotherDonald Ban claimed the throne, expelling Malcolm's sons from Scotland; a civil war in the familyensued, with Donald Ban and Malcolm's son Edmund opposed by Malcolm's English-backed sons, ledfirst by Duncan II and then by Edgar. Edgar triumphed, sending his uncle and brother to monasteries.

After the reign of David I, the Scottish throne was passed according to rules of primogeniture, movingfrom father to son, or where not possible, brother to brother.

Modern English& Regnal Name

(Modern GaelicName)

(Medieval GaelicName)Reign

PortraitMedieval

TitleEpithet

NicknameDynastic Status(Father's Family)

Maternal Status(Mother's Family)

Duncan I(Donnchadh mac An t-Ilgarach Son of Bethc, Eldest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primogeniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malcolm_II_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kenneth_III_of_Scotland.jpg


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Cronain)(Donnchad mac

Crnin)

10341040

R Alban "The Diseased"or "The

Sick"[18]

Grandson ofMalcolm II

Daughter of MalcolmII

(House of Alpin)

Macbeth(MacBheatha mac

Fhionnlaigh)(Mac Bethad mac

Findlich)10401057

R Alban

R Deircc"The Red

King"[19]

1) Son of MormaerFindlech2) Grandson of

Malcolm II3) Husband to

Gruoch,granddaughter of

Kenneth III

?,Unknown Daughteror Granddaughter of

Malcolm II(House of Alpin)

Lulach

(Lughlagh mac GilleChomghain)(Lulach mac Gille

Comgan)10571058

R Alban

Tairbith"The

Unfortunate"[19]-

Fatuus"The

Foolish"[20]

1) Son of Gille

Coemgin,Mormaer of Moray2) Grandson of

Kenneth III(House of Alpin)

Son of Gruoch,Granddaughter of

Kenneth III

Malcolm III(Maol Chaluim mac

Dhonnchaidh)(Mel Coluim mac

Donnchada)10581093

R Alban /Scottorumbasileus

? Cenn Mr("Canmore")

"Great

Chief"[21]

Son of Duncan I

Son of Sybil/Suthen,

sister of Siward "Earlof Northumbria"

(House of Cnut theGreat)

Donald III(Dmhnall mac

Dhonnchaidh)(Domnall macDonnchada)10931097

R Alban Bn,"the Fair". Son of Duncan I

Duncan II(Donnchadh macMhaoil Chaluim)

(Donnchad mac MalCholuim)

1094

R Alban /Rex

ScottorumSon of Malcolm III

Edgar(Eagar mac Mhaoil

Chaluim)R Alban/

RexProbus,

Son of Malcolm III
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar,_King_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donnchad_II.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siward,_Earl_of_Northumbriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malcolm_III_and_Queen_Margaret_from_the_Seton_Armorial,_1591.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruoch_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gille_Coemg%C3%A1in_of_Morayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruoch_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findl%C3%A1ech_of_Morayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Macbeth_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donnchad_I.jpg


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(tgar mac MalCholuim)

10971107

Scottorum "the Valiant"[22]

Alexander I(Alasdair mac Mhaoil

Chaluim)(Alaxandair mac Mal

Choluim)11071124

R Alban/Rex

Scottorum"The Fierce"[23] Son of Malcolm III

David I(Dibhidh mac Mhaoil

Chaluim)(Dabd mac Mal

Choluim)11241153

R Alban/Rex

Scottorum

"The Saint"[24] Son of Malcolm III

Malcolm IV(Maol Chaluim mac

Eanraig)(Mel Coluim mac

Eanric)11531165

R Alban/Rex

Scottorum

Virgo"The Maiden"

-Cenn Mr,

"Great

Chief"[21]

Grandson of DavidI

William I"The Lion"

(Uilleam mac Eanraig)(Uilliam mac Eanric)

11651214

R Alban /Rex

Scottorum

"The Lion"-

Garbh,"the Rough"[25]

Grandson of DavidI

Alexander II(Alasdair mac Uilleim)(Alaxandair mac

Uilliam)12141249

R Alban /Rex

ScottorumSon of William I

Alexander III(Alasdair mac

Alasdair)(Alaxandair mac

Alaxandair)12491286

R Alban /Rex

ScottorumSon of AlexanderII
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_II_(Alba)_i.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_the_Lion_portrait.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malcolm_iv.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_IV_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DavidIofScotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_I_(Alba)_i.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_Edgar_of_Scotland.jpg


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House of Sverre (12861290)

The last King of the House of Dunkeld was Alexander III. His wife had borne him two sons and adaughter; but by 1286 his sons were dead and his daughter, Margaret, had borne only a single daughter,also named Margaret, to her husband Eric II of Norway before herself dying. Alexander had himself

remarried, but in early 1286 he died in an accident while riding home. His wife, Yolande of Dreux, waspregnant; but by November 1286 all hope of her bearing a living child had passed. Accordingly, in theTreaty of Salisbury, the Guardians of Scotland recognised Alexander's three year old granddaughter,Margaret of Norway, as Queen of Scots. Margaret remained in her father's Kingdom of Norway untilAutumn 1290, when she was dispatched to Scotland. However, she died on the journey in Orkney,having never set foot on Scottish soil, and without being crowned at Scone. She is thus sometimes notconsidered Queen by nationalists.

Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) DeathDynastic

status

Margaretthe Maid ofNorway

12861290

c. April 1283Norway

daughter of Eric II ofNorway and Margaret

of Scotland

unmarried

September/October1290

Orkneyaged 7

granddaughterof Alexander

III

First Interregnum (12901292)

House of Balliol (12921296)

The death of Margaret of Norway began a two-year interregnum in Scotland caused by a successioncrisis. With her death, the descent of William I went extinct; nor was there an obvious heir byprimogeniture. Thirteen candidates presented themselves; the most prominent were John de Balliol,great-grandson of William I's younger brother David of Huntingdon, and Robert de Brus, Lord ofAnnandale, David of Huntingdon's grandson. The Scottish Magnates invited Edward I of England toarbitrate the claims; he did so, but forced the Scots to swear allegiance to him as overlord. Eventually, it

was decided that John de Balliol should become King; he proved weak and incapable, and in 1296 wasforced to abdicate by Edward I, who then attempted to annex Scotland into the Kingdom of England.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_5th_Lord_of_Annandalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway_imaginary.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardians_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Salisburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_III,_King_of_Scots.jpg


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Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Dynastic status

John BalliolToom Tabard

("Empty Cloak")(Iain Balliol)

12921296

c.1249

Isabella deWarenne

9 February1281

at least one

child[26]

c. 25November

1314Picardy,

France

great-grandson of David ofHuntingdon (brother of William

I)

Second Interregnum (12961306)

House of Bruce (13061371)

For ten years, Scotland had no King of its own. The Scots, however, refused to tolerate English rule; firstWilliam Wallace and then, after his execution, Robert the Bruce (the grandson of the 1292 competitor)

fought against the English. Bruce and his supporters killed a rival for the throne, John III Comyn, Lordof Badenoch on 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars Church in Dumfries. Shortly after in 1306, Robert wascrowned King of Scots at Scone. His energy, and the corresponding replacement of the vigorous EdwardI with his weaker son Edward II, allowed Scotland to free itself from English rule; at the Battle ofBannockburn in 1314, the Scots routed the English, and by 1329 the English had agreed by treaty toaccept Scottish independence. Robert's successor, his son David, was a child at his succession. TheEnglish renewed their war with Scotland, and David was forced to flee the Kingdom by Edward Balliol,son of King John, who managed to get himself crowned King of Scots (13321336) and to give awayScotland's southern counties to England before being driven out again. David spent much of his life inexile, first in freedom with his ally, France, and then in gaol in England; he was only able to return toScotland in 1357. Upon his death, childless, in 1371, the House of Bruce came to an end.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Balliolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumfrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Comyn,_Lord_of_Badenochhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_of_Scotland,_Earl_of_Huntingdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_de_Warennehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SetonArmorialJohnBalliolAndWife.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol


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status

RobertI

the

Bruce(Raibearta Briuis)13061329

11 July 1274Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire

son of Robert de Brus, 6thLord of Annandale andMarjorie, Countess of

Carrick[27]

Isabella ofMar1295

one daughter

Elizabeth deBurghWrittle,Essex,

England1302

four children

7 June 1329Manor ofCardross,

Dunbartonshireaged 54

great-great-grandson of

David ofHuntingdon(brother ofWilliam I)(election)

DavidII

(DibhidhBruis)13291371

5 March 1324Dunfermline Palace, Fife

son of Robert I andElizabeth de Burgh

Joan ofEnglandBerwick-

upon-Tweed17 July 1328no children

MargaretDrummond

Inchmurdach,Fife

20 February1364

no children

22 February1371

EdinburghCastle

aged 46

son of Robert I(primogeniture)

House of Stewart/Stuart

Stewart (13711567)

Robert the Stewart was a grandson of Robert I by the latter's daughter, Marjorie. Having been born in1316, he was older than his uncle, David II; consequently, he was at his accession an old man, unable toreign vigorously, a problem also faced by his son Robert III, who had suffered lasting damage in ahorse-riding accident. These two were followed by a series of regencies, caused by the youth of the

succeeding kings. Consequently, the Stewart era saw periods of royal inertia, during which the noblesusurped power from the crown, followed by periods of personal rule by the monarch, during which he orshe would attempt to address the issues created by their own minority and the long-term effects ofprevious reigns. Governing Scotland became increasingly difficult, as the powerful nobility becameincreasingly intractable; James I's attempts to curb the disorder of the realm ended in his assassination;James III was killed in a civil war between himself and the nobility, led by his own son; when James IV,who had governed sternly and suppressed the aristocrats, died in the Battle of Flodden, his wifeMargaret Tudor, who had been nominated regent for their young son James V, was unseated by noblefeuding, and James V's own wife, Mary of Guise, succeeded in ruling Scotland during the regency forher young daughter Mary I only by dividing and conquering the noble factions, and by distributingFrench bribes with a liberal hand. Finally, Mary I, the daughter of James V, found herself unable togovern Scotland faced with the surliness of the aristocracy and the intransigence of the population, whofavoured Calvinism and disapproved of her Catholicism; she was forced to abdicate, and fled to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primogeniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_The_Towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunfermline_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_II_of_Scotland_by_Sylvester_Harding_1797.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbartonshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardross,_Argyll_and_Butehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writtlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Marhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie,_Countess_of_Carrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_6th_Lord_of_Annandalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnberry_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_I_and_Isabella_of_Mar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce


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17/10/2014 List of Scottish monarchs -Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


England, where she was imprisoned in various castles and manor houses for eighteen years and finallyexecuted for treason against the English queen Elizabeth I. Upon her abdication, her son, fathered by aunior member of the Stewart family, became King.


status

Robert IIthe Steward

(Raibeart IIStibhairt)

13711390

2 March 1316Paisley, Renfrewshire

son of WalterStewart, 6th High

Steward of Scotlandand Marjorie Bruce

Elizabeth

Mure1336(uncertaincanonicity)1349 (with

Papaldispensation)ten children

Euphemia de

Ross2 May 1355four children

19 April 1390Dundonald Castle,

Ayrshireaged 74

grandson ofRobert I

(primogeniture)

Robert III(born JohnStewart)the Lame

King(Raibeart III

Stibhairt,An

RighBhacaigh)

13901406

c. 1337son of Robert II and

Elizabeth Mure

AnabellaDrummond

1367seven

children

4 April 1406Rothesay Castleaged about 69

son of Robert II(primogeniture)

James I(Seumas IStibhairt)

14061437

late July 1394Dunfermline Palace,

Fifeson of Robert III andAnabella Drummond

JoanBeaufort

SouthwarkCathedral2 February

1424eight

children

21 February 1437Blackfriars, Perth

aged about 42

son of RobertIII

(primogeniture)

James IIFiery Face(Seumas IIStibhairt)

14371460

16 October 1430Holyrood Abbey,

Edinburghson of James I and

Joan Beaufort

Mary ofGueldersHolyrood

Abbey3 July 1449

sevenchildren

3 August 1460Roxburgh Castle

aged 29

son of James I(primogeniture)

Margaret of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxburgh_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Gueldershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holyrood_Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_II_of_Scotland_17th_century.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth,_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfriars,_Perthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwark_Cathedralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_James_I_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothesay_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabella_Drummondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_III_and_Annabella_Drummond.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundonald_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemia_de_Rosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_dispensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Murehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Brucehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Stewart,_6th_High_Steward_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renfrewshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_and_Euphemia.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland


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James III(Seumas IIIStibhairt)

14601488

10 July 1451Stirling Castle or St

Andrews Castleson of James II andMary of Guelders

DenmarkHolyrood

Abbey13 July 1469

threechildren

11 June 1488Sauchie Burn

aged 36

son of James II(primogeniture)

James IV(Seumas IVStibhairt)

14881513

17 March 1473Stirling Castle

son of James III andMargaret of Denmark

MargaretTudor

HolyroodAbbey

8 August1503

six children

9 September 1513Flodden Field,

Northumberland,Englandaged 40

son of JamesIII

(primogeniture)

James V(Seumas VStibhairt)

15131542

15 April 1512Linlithgow Palace,

West Lothianson of James IV and

Margaret Tudor

Madeleine ofValois

Notre DameCathedral,Paris, France

1 January1537

no children

Mary ofGuise

Notre Dame

Cathedral,Paris, France18 May 1538

threechildren

14 December1542

Falkland Palace,Fife

aged 30

son of JamesIV

(primogeniture)

Mary I(Miri

Stibhairt)15421567

8 December 1542Linlithgow Palace

daughter of James Vand Mary of Guise

Franois II,King ofFrance

24 April1558

no childrenHenry Stuart,Lord Darnley

HolyroodPalace,

Edinburgh9 July 1565one child

JamesHepburn, 4th

Earl ofBothwellHolyrood

Palace

8 February 1587Fotheringhay

Castle,Northamptonshire,

Englandaged 44

(executed)

daughter ofJames V(cognatic

primogeniture)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primogeniture#Male-preference_primogeniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northamptonshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotheringhay_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holyrood_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mary_Queen_of_Scots_Blairs_Museum.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scotshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_Guisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Lothianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linlithgow_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_V_of_Scotland2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flodden_Fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Tudorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_IV_King_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sauchieburnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Andrews_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_III_of_Scotland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland


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15 May 1567no children

Stuart (15671651)

The Stewarts of Lennox were a junior branch of the Stewart family; they were not, however, direct male

line descendants of Robert II, the first Stewart who became King of Scots, but rather that of his ancestorAlexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. In the past, through the means of the Auld Alliancewith France, they had adapted their surname to the French form, Stuart. Consequently, when the son ofthe Earl of Lennox, Henry, Lord Darnley, married the Queen of Scots, Mary I, their son, as the first Kingof the Lennox branch of the Stewart family, ruled as a Stuart.

James VI also became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603, when his cousin Elizabeth I died;thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy wasbased chiefly in England.

Charles I, James's son, found himself faced with Civil War; the resultant conflict lasted eight years, andended in his execution. The English Parliament then decreed their monarchy to be at an end; the ScotsParliament, after some deliberation, broke their links with England, and declared that Charles II, son andheir of Charles I, would become King. He ruled until 1651; however, the armies of Oliver Cromwelloccupied Scotland and drove him into exile.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stewart,_4th_High_Steward_of_Scotland


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status

JamesVI

(SeumasVI

Stibhairt)15671625

19 June 1566Edinburgh Castle

son of Henry

Stuart, LordDarnley and Mary I

Anne of DenmarkOld Bishop'sPalace, Oslo,

Norway23 November 1589

seven children

27 March 1625Theobalds House,

Hertfordshire,

Englandaged 58

son of Mary I(primogeniture)

CharlesI

(Terlach IStibhairt)

16251649

19 November 1600Dunfermline

Palace,Dunfermline

son of James VIand Anne ofDenmark

Henrietta Maria ofFrance

St Augustine'sChurch,

Canterbury,

England13 June 1625nine children

30 January 1649Palace ofWhitehall,

London, England

aged 48(executed)

son of JamesVI

(primogeniture)

CharlesII

(TerlachII

Stibhairt)

16491651

29 May 1630St James's Palace,London, England

son of Charles I andHenrietta Maria of

France

Catherine ofBraganza

Portsmouth,England

14 May 1662

no children

6 February 1685Palace ofWhitehall,

London, England

aged 54

son of Charles I(primogeniture)

House of Stuart (restored) (16601707)

With the Restoration, the Stuarts became Kings of Scotland once more. But Scotland's rights were notrespected: the Scottish Parliament was, during the reign of Charles II, dissolved, and his brother Jameswas appointed Governor of Scotland. James himself became James VII in 1685; his Catholicism was nottolerated, and he was driven out of England after three years. In his place came his daughter Mary andher husband William of Orange, the ruler of the Dutch Republic; they were accepted as monarchs ofScotland after a period of deliberation by the Scottish Parliament, and ruled together as William II and

Mary II.

An attempt to establish a Scottish colonial empire through the Darien Scheme, in rivalry to that ofEngland, failed, leaving the Scottish state bankrupt. This coincided with the accession of Queen Anne,daughter of James VII. Anne had multiple children but none of these survived her, and on her death her
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darien_Schemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_James%27s_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_II_of_England.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterburyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunfermlinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_Charles_I_after_original_by_van_Dyck.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobalds_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Bishop%27s_Palace_in_Oslohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JamesIEngland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I


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nearest heir was her halfbrother, James, in exile in France. The English favoured the Protestant Sophiaof Hanover (a granddaughter of James VI) as heir; many Scots preferred Prince James, who as a Stuartwas a Scot by ancestry, and threatened to break the Union of Crowns between England and Scotland bychoosing him for themselves. To preserve the union, the English elaborated a plan whereby the twoKingdoms of Scotland and England would merge into a single Kingdom, the Kingdom of Great Britain,ruled by a common monarch, and with a single Parliament. Both national parliaments agreed to this (theScots albeit reluctantly, motivated primarily by the national finances), the Kingdoms of Scotland and

England merged and came to an end. Thereafter, although monarchs continued to rule over the nation ofScotland, they did so first as monarchs of Great Britain, and from 1801 of the United Kingdom.

Name Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Dynastic status

Charles II(Terlach IIStibhairt)

16601685

29 May 1630St James's Palace,London, England


France

Catherine ofBraganza

Portsmouth,England14 May

1662no children

6 February1685

Palace ofWhitehall,London,

Englandaged 54

son of Charles I(primogeniture)

James VII(Seumas VIIStibhairt)

16851688

14 October 1633St James's Palace,London, England


France

Anne HydeThe Strand,

London,England

3 September1660eight

children

Mary ofModenaDover,

England21

November1673seven

children

List of Scottish Monarchs - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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